Биографија на Ружица Јанчулева (1951-2015)

Prof. Ruzhica Janchuleva biographyБиографија на проф. д-р Ружица Јанчулев

ЗАМЕНКАТА *VЬSЬ ВО МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК

The text deals with the contemporary state of the Proto-Slavic pronoun *vьsь in the Macedonian language. This pronoun is analyzed in terms of form, as well as in terms of usage. In terms of form, it belongs to the development path followed by South Slavic languages, but it has developed its own specific feature - it is always used with an article. As for usage, plural forms function as indicators of collective reference, while singular forms act as adjectives with the meaning ‘whole’.Во текстот ќе стане збор за заменката *vьsь, во поглед на нејзиното потекло и современата состојба во македонскиот јазик. За споредба ќе бидат наведени и формите на оваа заменка во останатите словенски јазици. Се разгледува нејзиното поле на функционирање во современиот стандард, говорен и литературен, како и во дијалектите

GENDER EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION AT WORK THROUGH THE LENS OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS

International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the Discrimination(Employment and Occupation) Convention (No. 111) and Recommendation(No. 111), 1958, as the first comprehensive instruments dealing specificallywith equality and non-discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.Convention No. 111 places the general principle of equality and nondiscriminationin the context of the world of work. However, other ILOstandards expressly prohibiting discriminatory measures have been adopted.Considering that elimination of discrimination in respect of employment andoccupation is one of the fundamental principles and rights at work, theinternational labour standards are of crucial importance in ensuring equality ofopportunity and treatment, including gender equality. Gender equality at workrelates to all men and women. It cannot be achieved without the elimination ofdiscrimination. One of the main reasons is that gender inequality is often rootedin discrimination. Discrimination in employment and occupation is a universaland permanently evolving phenomenon. It can take a variety of forms, such asdirect discrimination, indirect discrimination, discrimination-based harassment,multiple discrimination, intersectional discrimination and specific forms ofdiscrimination, which will be discussed in the paper. In relation to genderequality, discrimination can be based on many discriminatory grounds, whichare mainly linked to sex as discriminatory ground. According to ILO Committeeof Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR),the notion of “sex” as a prohibited discriminatory ground has evolved to includepregnancy and maternity, civil and marital status, and family situation andresponsibilities, as well as sexual harassment as a serious manifestation of sexdiscrimination. Therefore, discrimination based on the aforementioned grounds,including sexual harassment, will be examined. In 2019, ILO adopted theViolence and Harassment Convention (No. 190). It is the first internationallabour standard to address violence and harassment in the world of work,including gender-based harassment, which will also be analyzed

THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND THE JUDGMENTS OF THE REGULAR COURTS

The subject of this paper is one of the primary tasks of constitutional courts: to ensure that human rights guaranteed by the constitution are respected and implemented in everyday life. This is achieved by adhering to two critical aspects of the process of resolving disputes related to fundamental rights: determining whether a rights violation has occurred and deciding on appropriate measures for restoring or compensating for the violated rights. To strengthen this role of constitutional courts, it is recommended to introduce the possibility of annulling unconstitutional judicial decisions. The constitutional court should have the authority to nullify court decisions that conflict with the constitution, thereby providing greater protection of fundamental human rights. This text focuses on the two critical aspects of proceedings before constitutional courts, as well as the need to introduce a mechanism for the annulment of unconstitutional court decisions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the legal concept of introducing the possibility of annulling unconstitutional judicial decisions and analyze its significance for legal certainty and the protection of human rights. Additionally, an analysis will be conducted on the situation in the Republic of North Macedonia, with a particular focus on existing mechanisms for human rights protection and opportunities for enhancing constitutional oversight over judicial decisions

IMPACT OF GLOBAL CONFLICTS AND POWER DYNAMICS ON TRADE AND COMMODITIES

The paper "Impact of Global Conflicts and Power Dynamics on Trade andCommodities" examines the transformative effects of geopolitical tensions andglobal power shifts on international trade and commodity flows. It argues that longstandingsupply chain models and traditional management practices are beingupended by rapidly evolving global conditions — including conflicts such as thewar in Ukraine and regional instabilities— - that are disrupting established traderoutes and forcing industry to seek alternative sources of raw materials. The authorsexamine the evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, emphasizing theintegration of digitalization, intelligent automation and improved human–machinecollaboration to create more resilient and flexible production systems. The studyhighlights that the depletion of domestic resources in developed countries,combined with increasing reliance on distant supply chains, has increasedvulnerability to geopolitical and economic shocks. In response, companies areurged to adopt flexible, digitally integrated management systems that enable realtimemonitoring and adaptive decision-making. The paper proposes strategicmeasures such as the use of advanced logistics information systems, intelligentrobotics, sustainable and circular economy practices, and modular organizationalstructures that can be reconfigured to mitigate risk. It also emphasizes theimportance of investing in human capital and promoting global connectivity toensure continuous and efficient flows of goods in the face of ongoing internationalchallenges

CULTURAL MEMORY IN VELIKA SKITIJA BY MIODRAG PAVLOVIĆ

This paper analyses Velika skitija (1969), the collection of poems by Miodrag Pavlović, using the theory of cultural memory of Jan Assmann (2007), an egyptologist, cultural theorist and religious scholar. Velika skitija covers a number of topics important for the establishment of a culture of memory: the relationship between the individual and the collective, speech and writing, history and myth, history and memory, the transition of memory into history and vice versa, as well as the poetic link between poetry and ritual. Of particular importance for the analysis is the relationship of Velika skitija with the Middle Ages, as analyzed by Marko Radulović (2017; 2020). Starting from these features, which have been observed in the literature related to Pavlović’s work –especially the chosen collection of poems – the collection is illuminated in the context of the culture of memory. The ultimate goal of this analysis is to contribute to the understanding of the ways of addressing the metaphysical void and the role of memory in the constitution of the poet’s voice and the entire collection of poems. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the individual and history, which is considered using the categories of communicative and cultural memory. The analysis showed that within the collection some features of the culture of memory are thematized, while it is fully realized in the process of reception. This paradigm helped us to encompass the simultaneous constructivist passage through history and the search for the transcendence of Velika skitija in a comprehensive and mildly deconstructivist manner.Овај рад анализира Велику скитију (1969), збирку песама Миодрага Павловића, помоћу теорије културног сећања Јана Асмана (Jan Assmann 2007), египтолога, теоретичара културе и проучаваоца религије. У овој збирци сустиче се низ карактеристика битних за успостављање културе сећања: однос индивидуе и колектива, говора и писма, историје и мита, историје и сећања, прелазак сећања у историју (и обратно), као и поетичка спона песништва и обреда. За анализу је нарочито битан однос Велике скитије са средњовековљем, како га је анализирао Марко Радуловић (2017, 2020). Ова перспектива омогућава да се на још један начин сагледа како збирка адресира метафизичку празнину и да се сагледа улога сећања у конституисању лирских субјеката. Нарочита пажња посвећена је односу индивидуе и историје, размотреном помоћу категорија комуникативног и културног сећања. Полазећи од одлика које су у литератури уочене поводом Павловићевог стваралаштва – и нарочито Велике скитије – анализа је показала да се унутар збирке тематизују неке одлике културе сећања, а да се она у пуном облику остварује у процесу рецепције. Ова парадигма помогла је да обухватимо истовремени конструктивистички прилаз историји и потрагу за трансцендентношћу Велике скитије на целовит начин

ČASOPIS ZENIT I NJEMAČKI UTJECAJI

As the most important journal of the Yugoslav avant-garde whose activities transcended the regional area of ​​its origin, Zenit resonated with its poetics, its ideas and its programmatic concepts in the German-speaking area from which it also received important impulses. Especially in its first, constitutive phase of the journal, numerous incentives from the German-speaking area are visible, which weren’t limited exclusively to the conceptual or ideological level but could also be practically traced through numerous artistic collaborations and acquaintances led mainly by Ljubomir Micić, the ideological genius behind Zenit. Given the transgressive nature of avant-garde movements in general and the clearly explicit mutual influences between Zenit and the German-speaking area, this paper will attempt to give an overview of the German impetus behind Zenit and zenitism in its various shapes and forms, as well as to explore how the German avant-garde and especially German expressionism shaped the early development of Zenit and how this transcultural transfer influenced the positioning of zenitism in the context of the network of European avant-gardes.Kao najvažniji časopis jugoslavenske avangarde čije je djelovanje nadišlo regionalni prostor njegova nastanka, Zenit je svojom poetikom, svojim idejama i svojom programatikom rezonirao i u njemačkom govornom području iz kojeg je isto tako crpio i važne utjecaje. Osobito u prvoj, konstitutivnoj fazi časopisa vidljivi su brojni utjecaji iz njemačkog govornog područja koji nisu bili ograničeni isključivo na idejnu ili ideološku razinu, već su se i praktično mogli pratiti putem brojnih umjetničkih suradnji i poznanstava koje je predvodio uglavnom Ljubomir Micić kao idejni začetnik Zenita. S obzirom na transgresivnu prirodu avangardnih pokreta općenito i na jasno eksplicirane međusobne utjecaje između Zenita i njemačkog govornog područja, u ovom radu nastojat će se pregledno predstaviti njemačke utjecaje na Zenit i zenitizam u njihovim različitim oblicima i formama, kao i istražiti na koji su način njemačka avangarda i osobito njemački ekspresionizam oblikovali rani razvoj Zenita te kako je taj transkulturni transfer utjecao na pozicioniranje zenitizma u kontekstu mreže europskih avangardi

КОН ИМЕНУВАЊЕТО НА ПРАЗНИЦИТЕ ВО МАКЕДОНСКАТА НАРОДНА КУЛТУРА

The subject of our interest are the chrononyms that reflect how people perceive each of the seven days of the week, referring also to the broader ritual-customary context with which a specific day is associated. Usually they represent noun idioms where the name of the day is the key component, while the attribute refers to some Christian holiday, i.e. to elements of ritual practice, to beliefs associated with that day, based on the traditional perception or interpretation of the specific holiday as part of the folk religion. Chrononyms are mainly related to the role of each day of the week in the traditional calendar, to their meaning in Macedonian ritual and magical practice, which can be same or different from the meaning in other South Slavic cultures. The names and traditional perceptions of the days in Macedonian traditional culture have been influenced by several factors, such as their associations to certain saints, to mythological creatures, as well as to beliefs in “good”, “lucky” versus “bad”, “unlucky” days. The last aspect is related to life experiences, taking into account that one day can be “good” for one type of activity, and “bad” for another, which is part of another segment of life, for e.g. agricultural activity, etc.Предмет на нашиот интерес се хрононимите, односно називите за празниците кои ги одразуваат народните сфаќања за секој од седумте денови во седмицата, а упатуваат и на поширокиот обредно-обичаен контекст со кој тој ден се поврзува. Најчесто станува збор за именски синтагми во кои главниот член е назив за денот, а атрибутот, придавката упатува на некој христијански празник, односно на елементи од обредната практика, на верувања поврзани со тој ден, во согласност со народните претстави, толкувањата на празникот како дел од на- родната религија. Називите се главно поврзани со улогата на одделни денови во седмицата во народниот календар, со нивното значење во македонската обредна и магиска практика што во одделни елементи се совпаѓа или се разликува од зна- чењето во останатите јужнословенски култури. На називите и народните претста- ви за деновите во македонската народна култура влијаеле повеќе фактори, пред сѐ поврзаноста со одделни светители, со митолошки суштества, со верувањата во „добри“, „среќни“ наспроти „лоши“, „несреќни“ денови и тоа според некои потвр- дени искуства во народната традиција, но имајќи предвид дека еден ден може да биде поволен за еден вид активности, а неповолен за некој друг, што припаѓа на друг сегмент од животот, на пр. земјоделската дејност и сл

ЗАПИСИ НА ГЛЕДАЧОТ: РЕЦЕПЦИЈА И ПРЕПРОЧИТУВАЊЕ НА ТЕАТАРОТ НА АНТОН П. ЧЕХОВ ВО ДЕЛОТО НА ЖОРЖ БАНИ

The subject of this paper is the reception and rereading of Chekhov\u27s plays, as well as their productions on the contemporary European theatre stages, in the work of the French theatrologist, critic and essayist of Romanian origin, Georges Banu (1943-2023). The paper analyzes in detail his studies and books dedicated to Chekhov\u27s theatre, in which he reinterpretates the works of the Russian playwright in the light of the mutations of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, confirming their relevance to our contemporary world. The paper focuses in particular on the book in which Banu revisits Chekhov\u27s last play, The Cherry Orchard, through its key stagings by major European directors in recent decades, which illuminate various aspects of it. In his reflection, dedicated to Chekhov\u27s testamentary play, Banu compares the demise of the cherry orchard at the threshold of the 20th century with the disappearance that threatens the theatre and the library today, in the era of digital entertainment. The paper focuses on the analysis of the specifics and challenges of theatrical reception and the role of Banu as an "informed/educated spectator" in reconstructing and interpretating the theatrical performance and creating a "living memory" for it. Additionally, this article highlights the contribution of Banu\u27s works in preserving and transmitting the memory of Chekhov\u27s theatre, as well as the theatre of our time. Finally, the paper refers to the personal portrait of Chekhov and his theatre, as sketched by Georges Banu, who reinterprets the Russian playwright as our fellow man, and in whose face we recognize the reflection of the author of the portrait, as well as our own.­­Предмет на изучување на овој труд е рецепцијата и препрочитувањето на пиесите на Чехов, како и на нивните поставки на сцените на современиот европски театар, во делото на францускиот театролог, критичар и есеист со романско потекло, Жорж Бани (1943 – 2023). Трудот подробно ги анализира неговите студии и книги посветени на театарот на Чехов, во кои тој го толкува делото на рускиот драматург во светлото на мутациите од крајот на 20 и на почетокот на 21 век, потврдувајќи ја неговата релевантност за нашата современост. Статијата особено се сосредоточува на книгата во која Бани ја препрочитува последната пиеса на Чехов, Вишновата градина, преку нејзините клучни поставки од страна на големите европски театарски режисери во последните децении, кои осветлуваат различни аспекти на ова дело. Во својата рефлексија, посветена на тестаментарната пиеса на Чехов, Бани ја споредува пропаста на вишновата градина на прагот на 20 век со исчезнувањето што им се заканува на театарот и на библиотеката денес, во ерата на дигиталната разонода. Во трудот притоа се задржуваме на анализата на специфичностите и на предизвиците на театарската рецепција и на улогата на Бани како „информиран/едуциран гледач“ во реконструирањето на театарските претстави и во создавањето на „жива меморија“ за нив. Дополнително го подвлекуваме придонесот на делото на Бани во зачувувањето и во пренесувањето на паметењето за театарот на Чехов, но и за театарот на нашето време. Конечно, се осврнуваме на личниот портрет на Чехов и на неговото дело, скициран од Жорж Бани, кој го препрочитува рускиот драматург како наш ближен, и во чиј лик го препознаваме одразот на авторот на портретот, но и на самите ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­себеси