Huertos-jardín en el entorno urbano. Una propuesta para la ecociudad de Sarriguren

El objeto del presente trabajo es ofrecer una alternativa para la gestión de las zonas verdes dentro de la trama urbana, mediante la integración de la actividad hortícola considerando esta un medio para una gestión más eficaz y sostenible de los recursos. Con la puesta en marcha de este modelo de gestión se persigue dar un servicio a los ciudadanos con los siguientes objetivos: -ofrecerles la posibilidad del desarrollo de la horticultura, entendida como un medio para mejorar su calidad de vida, -fomentar la interrelación social, -enriquecer el entorno urbano aumentando la biodiversidad reducir el consumo de insumos, -desarrollar la agricultura ecológica de ámbito local y a pequeña escala, -mejorar la gestión de los residuos orgánicos. Se ha escogido la “Ecociudad de Sarriguren” para realizar la propuesta porque en su planteamiento inicial se presentó como un referente de ciudad sostenible basándose en unos criterios tales como la construcción bioclimática, ahorro de energía, gestión de residuos o mejora ambiental, en los que el desarrollo de iniciativas de este tipo hubieran mejorado notablemente dichos estándares a pesar de que no llegaron a plantearse. Actualmente Sarriguren dispone de una amplia superficie verde, ocupada por césped, por lo que sigue ofreciendo una oportunidad de ponerla en marcha. En el desarrollo del trabajo se estudia el fenómeno de los huertos urbanos en la actualidad, analizando diferentes experiencias en funcionamiento y, de una manera justificada, se ofrece un diseño tipo que además de cumplir los objetivos citados se pueda adaptar y desarrollar en cualquier zona urbana con un mínimo de superficie verde disponible.The purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative for the management of green areas within the urban area, through the integration of horticulture considering this as a mean for more effective and sustainable management of resources. The implementation of this management model is to offer a service to the citizens with the following objectives: -offer the possibility of horticultural development, understood as a way to improve their quality of life -promote social interaction -enrich the urban environment by increasing biodiversity -reduce consumption of inputs -develop small and local organic agriculture -improve the management of organic waste We have chosen the "Ecocity Sarriguren" to the proposal because in their initial approach was presented as a benchmark for sustainable city based on criteria such as bioclimatic building, energy conservation, waste management and environmental improvement, which the development of such initiatives have significantly improved these standards despite that were never raised. Sarriguren currently has a large green area, occupied by grass, so it continues to offer an opportunity to implement it. In developing the work the phenomenon of urban gardens are currently studying, analyzing different experiences in operation and, in a justified manner, it offers a kind design in addition to meeting the above objectives can adapt and develop in any urban area with a minimum of green space available.Máster Universitario en Agrobiología AmbientalUnibertsitate Masterra Ingurumen Agrobiologia

Transporte inteligente y autónomo en industria 4.0

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer el concepto de Industria 4.0 y mostrar el potencial que tiene. También se verán las aplicaciones que puede tener en las empresas actuales, los pilares que la forman y como la cuarta revolución industrial y las nuevas tecnologías pueden mejorar los procesos industriales incrementando los ingresos en las organizaciones y reduciendo los costes.Dentro de los pilares de la Industria 4.0 centrará el foco en los robots de transporte inteligente y autónomos y en la simulación de procesos industriales.Se plantea la optimización del transporte interno de materiales en una fábrica mediante robots autónomos que transportan el material desde las máquinas que lo producen hasta las líneas de ensamblaje donde son requeridos para que el proceso productivo se lleve a cabo correctamente. Para obtener los resultados se hará uso del software de simulación de procesos industriales Arena. Al finalizar el modelado de los escenarios se comparan los resultados para así concluir que es más eficiente para la empresa mediante diversos experimentos cambiando diferentes parámetros.<br /

Centennial olive trees as a reservoir of genetic diversity

Background and AimsGenetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the oldest trees could be a powerful tool both for germplasm collection and for understanding the earliest origins of clonally propagated fruit crops. The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a suitable model to study the origin of cultivars due to its long lifespan, resulting in the existence of both centennial and millennial trees across the Mediterranean Basin.MethodsThe genetic identity and diversity as well as the phylogenetic relationships among the oldest wild and cultivated olives of southern Spain were evaluated by analysing simple sequence repeat markers. Samples from both the canopy and the roots of each tree were analysed to distinguish which trees were self-rooted and which were grafted. The ancient olives were also put into chronological order to infer the antiquity of traditional olive cultivars.Key ResultsOnly 9·6 % out of 104 a priori cultivated ancient genotypes matched current olive cultivars. The percentage of unidentified genotypes was higher among the oldest olives, which could be because they belong to ancient unknown cultivars or because of possible intra-cultivar variability. Comparing the observed patterns of genetic variation made it possible to distinguish which trees were grafted onto putative wild olives.ConclusionsThis study of ancient olives has been fruitful both for germplasm collection and for enlarging our knowledge about olive domestication. The findings suggest that grafting pre-existing wild olives with olive cultivars was linked to the beginnings of olive growing. Additionally, the low number of genotypes identified in current cultivars points out that the ancient olives from southern Spain constitute a priceless reservoir of genetic diversity

La inversión en filatelia como valor refugio ante turbulencias económicas

En este trabajo se define el concepto, características e inversión de los bienes tangibles de colección, haciendo especial mención a la Filatelia. Posteriormente, analizamos su virtud como valor refugio mediante una comparativa de revalorizaciones entre la Filatelia y el mercado bursátil tanto en épocas de turbulencias económicas y políticas, como en épocas de bonanza.In this work are defined the collectible tangible goods concept, features and investment, paying special attention to Philately. Afterwards, we analyze their value as shelter assets by means of a comparison between Philately and stock-market revalorizations in periods of economical and political turbulence as well as in prosperity times

Cultivar and Tree Density As Key Factors in the Long-Term Performance of Super High-Density Olive Orchards

Super high-density (SHD) olive orchards are rapidly expanding since the first plantation was set up in Spain in the 1990s. Because there are no long-term studies characterizing these systems, it is unknown if densities above a certain threshold could trigger competition among fully-grown trees, compromising their development. Over 14 years we have evaluated the performance of the major olive cultivars currently planted in SHD systems (“Arbequina,” Arbequina IRTA-i·18, “Arbosana,” “Fs-17,” and “Koroneiki”) and nine SHD designs ranging from 780 to 2254 trees ha−1 for the cultivar “Arbequina.” Remarkably, the accumulated fruit and oil production of the five cultivars increased linearly over time. Our data indicated the favorable long-term performance of the evaluated cultivars with an average annual oil production of 2.3 t ha−1. Only “Fs-17” did not perform well to the SHD system in our conditions and it yielded about half (1.2 t ha−1) of the other cultivars. In the density trial for “Arbequina,” both fruit and oil accumulated production increased over time as a function of tree density. Thus, the accumulated oil yield ranged from 16.1 t ha−1 for the lowest density (780 trees ha−1) to 29.9 t ha−1 for the highest (2254 trees ha−1). In addition, we note that the accumulated production per surface unit showed a better correlation with the hedgerow length than the tree density. Thus, the current planting designs of SHD olive orchards can be further improved taking this parameter into account. Despite observations that some irregular patterns of crop distribution have arisen, our olive hedgerows are still fully productive after 14 years of planting. This result contradicts previous experiences that showed declines in production 7 or 8 years after planting due to high vigor, shading, and limited ventilation

Bladder endometriosis and endocervicosis: presentation of 2 cases with endoscopic management and review of literature

Urinary tract endometriosis and endocervicosis are an uncommon pathologic finding, with a common embryological origin. We present 2 cases of female patients with bladder mass. The first one was a finding of a nodular formation in the bladder during study of a nonviable foetus and the second was an incidental finding of a neoformation in the fundus of the bladder during the realization of an ultrasound. In both cases, we performed a surgical management with transurethral resection. Histopathological examination revealed a bladder endometrioma in the first case and endocervicosis with associated endometriosis in the second

Syngas/H2 production from bioethanol in a continuous Chemical-Looping Reforming prototype

Chemical-looping reforming (CLR) allows H2 production without CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The use of a renewable fuel, bioethanol, in an auto-thermal CLR process has the advantage to produce H2 with negative CO2 emissions. This work presents the experimental results obtained in a continuously operating CLR unit (1 kWth) using ethanol as fuel. Two NiO-based oxygen carriers were used during more than 50 h of operation. The influence of variables such as temperature, water-to-fuel and oxygen-to-fuel molar ratios was analysed. Full conversion of ethanol was accomplished and carbon formation was easily avoided. A syngas composed of ≈ 61 vol.% H2, ≈ 32 vol.% CO, ≈ 5 vol.% CO2 and ≈ 2 vol.% CH4 was reached at auto-thermal conditions for both materials. Gas composition was closed to the given by the thermodynamic equilibrium. These results demonstrate the technical viability of H2/syngas production by using bioethanol in an auto-thermal CLR process.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (MICINN project ENE2011-26354) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by CTGAS-ER (project OTT20130989). A. Serrano also thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the F.P.I. fellowshipPeer reviewe

3D bioprinting of functional human skin: production and in vivo analysis

Significant progress has been made over the past 25 years in the development of in vitro-engineered substitutes that mimic human skin, either to be used as grafts for the replacement of lost skin, or for the establishment of in vitro human skin models. In this sense, laboratory-grown skin substitutes containing dermal and epidermal components offer a promising approach to skin engineering. In particular, a human plasma-based bilayered skin generated by our group, has been applied successfully to treat burns as well as traumatic and surgical wounds in a large number of patients in Spain. There are some aspects requiring improvements in the production process of this skin; for example, the relatively long time (three weeks) needed to produce the surface required to cover an extensive burn or a large wound, and the necessity to automatize and standardize a process currently performed manually.This work was partially supported by grant DPI2014-61887-EXP from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Efficient preclinical treatment of cortical T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with T lymphocytes secreting anti-CD1a T cell engagers

BACKGROUND: The dismal clinical outcome of relapsed/refractory (R/R) T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) highlights the need for innovative targeted therapies. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have revolutionized the treatment of B cell malignancies, their clinical implementation in T-ALL is in its infancy. CD1a represents a safe target for cortical T-ALL (coT-ALL) patients, and fratricide-resistant CD1a-directed CAR T cells have been preclinically validated as an immunotherapeutic strategy for R/R coT-ALL. Nonetheless, T-ALL relapses are commonly very aggressive and hyperleukocytic, posing a challenge to recover sufficient non-leukemic effector T cells from leukapheresis in R/R T-ALL patients. METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive study using robust in vitro and in vivo assays comparing the efficacy of engineered T cells either expressing a second-generation CD1a-CAR or secreting CD1a x CD3 T cell-engaging Antibodies (CD1a-STAb). RESULTS: We show that CD1a-T cell engagers bind to cell surface expressed CD1a and CD3 and induce specific T cell activation. Recruitment of bystander T cells endows CD1a-STAbs with an enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity than CD1a-CAR T cells at lower effector:target ratios. CD1a-STAb T cells are as effective as CD1a-CAR T cells in cutting-edge in vivo T-ALL patient-derived xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CD1a-STAb T cells could be an alternative to CD1a-CAR T cells in coT-ALL patients with aggressive and hyperleukocytic relapses with limited numbers of non-leukemic effector T cellsResearch in LA-V laboratory is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-117323RB-100 and PDC2021-121711-100), and the Carlos III Health Institute (DTS20/00089), with European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) cofinancing; the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC PROYE19084ALVA) and the CRIS Cancer Foundation (FCRIS-2018-0042 and FCRIS2021-0090). Research in PM laboratory is supported by CERCA/Generalitat de Catalunya and Fundació Josep Carreras-Obra Social la Caixa for core support; 'la Caixa' Foundation under the agreement LCF/PR/HR19/52160011; the European Research Council grant (ERC-PoC-957466); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-108160RB-I00); and the ISCIII-RICORS within the Next Generation EU program (plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resilencia). MLT is supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105623RB-I00) and the Spanish Association Against Cancer (CICPF18030TORI). PP is supported by Carlos III Health Institute (PI21-01834), with FEDER cofinancing and Fundación Ramón Areces. NT was supported by an FPU PhD fellowship from Spain's Ministerio de Universidades (FPU19/00039). OH was supported by an industrial PhD fellowship from the Comunidad de Madrid (IND2020/BMD-17668). LD-A was supported by a Rio Hortega fellowship from the Carlos III Health Institute (CM20/00004). VMD is supported by the Torres Quevedo subprogram of the State Research Agency of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ref. PTQ2020-011056). DSM is partially founded by a Sara Borrell fellowship from Carlos III Health Institute (CD19/00013