Le rôle des festivals de cinéma internationaux dans l'émergence du cinéma iranien

Jusqu’à la fin du vingtième siècle, les études sur le cinéma iranien ont tendance à aborder ce cinéma par rapport à la Révolution islamique de 1979, c’est-à-dire à le diviser en deux époques, prérévolutionnaire et postrévolutionnaire. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une pensée récente qui étudie l’émergence de ce cinéma national en tant que cheminement continu et dominé par des politiques culturelles contradictoires et ambiguës. Dans cette étude, nous ferons au premier chapitre un survol de l’histoire du cinéma iranien, avec un intérêt particulier pour la culture des festivals. Il s’agira de décrypter les enjeux politiques et culturels qui dirigent les décisions du gouvernement et des professionnels de l’industrie. Le deuxième chapitre proposera un questionnement sur la notion de cinéma national, et appliquera cette notion au cinéma iranien. Une attention particulière sera portée à la Fondation du cinéma Farabi, une institution clé dans la promotion du cinéma national et dans l’émergence des films iraniens dans les festivals de films internationaux. Finalement, le troisième chapitre présentera le rôle des festivals dans l’industrie cinématographique ainsi qu’une analyse de l’évolution des films iraniens présentés au Festival des films du monde de Montréal afin de démontrer l’influence des politiques culturelles iraniennes floues sur la présence des films iraniens dans les festivals occidentaux.Until the end of the twentieth century, studies on Iranian cinema consider the Islamic Revolution of 1979 as a turning point in the history of this cinema, i.e. they divide its history in two eras, pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary. This research joins the recent idea that this national cinema emerged as a continuous progression dominated by contradictory and ambiguous cultural policies. In the first chapter of this essay, we will paint a general picture of the history of Iranian cinema, and its festival culture in particular. We will clarify the political and cultural incentives that orchestrate the decisions of the authorities and the industry’s professionals. The second chapter will question the notion of national cinema, and will apply this notion to Iranian cinema. Special attention will be paid to the Farabi Cinema Foundation, a key institution in the promotion of Iranian national cinema and in the emergence of Iranian films in international film festivals. Thereafter, the third chapter will present the role of festivals in the film industry and an analysis of the evolution of Iranian films presented at the Montreal World Film Festival in order to demonstrate the influence of vague Iranian cultural policies on the presence of Iranian films in Western films festivals

New 8-nitroquinolinone derivative displaying submicromolar in vitro activities against both Trypanosoma brucei and cruzi

International audienceAn antikinetoplastid pharmacomodulation study was conducted at position 6 of the 8-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one pharmacophore. Fifteen new derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against L. infantum, T. brucei brucei, and T. cruzi, in parallel with a cytotoxicity assay on the human HepG2 cell line. A potent and selective 6-bromo-substituted antitrypanosomal derivative 12 was revealed, presenting EC50 values of 12 and 500 nM on T. b. brucei trypomastigotes and T. cruzi amastigotes respectively, in comparison with four reference drugs (30 nM ≤ EC50 ≤ 13 μM). Moreover, compound 12 was not genotoxic in the comet assay and showed high in vitro microsomal stability (half life >40 min) as well as favorable pharmacokinetic behavior in the mouse after oral administration. Finally, molecule 12 (E° = −0.37 V/NHE) was shown to be bioactivated by type 1 nitroreductases, in both Leishmania and Trypanosoma, and appears to be a good candidate to search for novel antitrypanosomal lead compounds

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Synthèse et évaluation biologique de dérivés polyquinoléine chélateurs d'ions métalliques en relation avec la maladie d'Alzheimer

In Alzheimer's disease, ZnII, CuII and FeIII metal ions interact with the _-amyloid peptide (Ab) to precipitate Ab and generate the toxic H2O2 species. A therapeutic strategy consists in chelating these metal ions with heterocyclic ligands covalently linked to improve their affinity for metal ions. The Cyclo-bi-Phen reduces the amyloid plaques load in transgenic mice mimicking Alzheimer's disease. A second series was designed on the clioquinol model, a quinoline derivative active in vitro and in vivo. More than 20 polyquinoline ligands were synthesized. They display a high affinity for CuII and ZnII. They also inhibit Ab precipitation and H2O2 production due to metal ions in vitro.Les ions métalliques ZnII, CuII et FeIII interagissent avec le peptide b-amyloïde (Ab) dans la maladie d'Alzheimer. Ils participent à la précipitation d'A_ et à sa toxicité via la production d'H2O2. Une stratégie thérapeutique consiste à chélater ces ions métalliques par des ligands hétérocycliques reliés de façon covalente afin d'augmenter leur affinité pour ces ions. Parmi eux, la Cyclo-bi-Phen diminue les plaques amyloïdes de souris transgéniques modélisant la maladie d'Alzheimer. Une nouvelle série a été établie à partir du clioquinol, un ligand quinoléine actif in vitro et in vivo. Plus de 20 dérivés polyquinoléine ont été synthétisés et possèdent une forte affinité pour ZnII et CuII. Des tests in vitro sur Ab en présence d'ions métalliques ont révélé qu'ils inhibent la précipitation d'Ab et la production d'H2O2 par ces systèmes

Le projet urbain à travers la chaîne de production de l'aménagement

Les Rencontres APERAU, Lille, France, 18-/06/2018 - 22/06/201

Synthèse et évaluation biologique de dérivés polyquinoléine chélateurs d'ions métalliques en relation avec la maladie d'Alzheimer

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Predicting motivation: Computational models of PFC can explain neural coding of motivation and effort-based decision-making in health and disease

Item does not contain fulltextHuman behavior is strongly driven by the pursuit of rewards. In daily life, however, benefits mostly come at a cost, often requiring that effort be exerted to obtain potential benefits. Medial PFC (MPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) are frequently implicated in the expectation of effortful control, showing increased activity as a function of predicted task difficulty. Such activity partially overlaps with expectation of reward and has been observed both during decision-making and during task preparation. Recently, novel computational frameworks have been developed to explain activity in these regions during cognitive control, based on the principle of prediction and prediction error (predicted response-outcome [PRO] model [Alexander, W. H., & Brown, J. W. Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor. Nature Neuroscience, 14, 1338-1344, 2011], hierarchical error representation [HER] model [Alexander, W. H., & Brown, J. W. Hierarchical error representation: A computational model of anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neural Computation, 27, 2354-2410, 2015]). Despite the broad explanatory power of these models, it is not clear whether they can also accommodate effects related to the expectation of effort observed in MPFC and DLPFC. Here, we propose a translation of these computational frameworks to the domain of effort-based behavior. First, we discuss how the PRO model, based on prediction error, can explain effort-related activity in MPFC, by reframing effort-based behavior in a predictive context. We propose that MPFC activity reflects monitoring of motivationally relevant variables (such as effort and reward), by coding expectations and discrepancies from such expectations. Moreover, we derive behavioral and neural model-based predictions for healthy controls and clinical populations with impairments of motivation. Second, we illustrate the possible translation to effort-based behavior of the HER model, an extended version of PRO model based on hierarchical error prediction, developed to explain MPFC-DLPFC interactions. We derive behavioral predictions that describe how effort and reward information is coded in PFC and how changing the configuration of such environmental information might affect decision-making and task performance involving motivation