60 research outputs found

    Systemic Cannabidiol Does Not Reduce Compound 48/80-Induced Itching Behavior in Mice

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    DergiPark: 541683tmsjAims: Cannabinoids are chemical compounds including natural cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant, their synthetic counterparts, and endocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, a phytocannabinoid derived from the Cannabis plant, exerts anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, analgesic effects. Although there are many similarities between the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain and itch, researches that investigate the effect of cannabinoids on itching are insufficient. Here, we aimed to examine the antipruritic effect of cannabidiol and the contribution of spinal cannabinoid receptors. Methods: Male Balb/c mice, weighing 20-30 g, were used. Itching behavior was produced by intradermal injection of compound 48/80 (100 ?g/50 ?l); cannabidiol (1, 3, 10 mg/kg, ip) was administered 30 minutes before compound 48/80 injections. Then, scratching of the injected site by the hind paws was videotaped for 30 minutes. Locomotor performances were assessed using a rotarod apparatus. Results: Cannabidiol had no effect on compound 48/80-induced itching behavior at any dose given; moreover, cannabidiol did not produce any impairment on motor function. AM-251, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist, and AM-630, a cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist were administered intrathecally to observe the contribution of spinal cannabinoid receptors to the antipruritic action of cannabidiol. We observed that cannabidol did not possess any effect on itching behaviour. Conclusion: Our results indicate that systemic administration of cannabidiol does not attenuate compound 48/80 induced itching behavior in mic

    Does the Efferent Auditory System Have a Role in Children with Specific Learning Disabilities?

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    Objective: This study aimed to compare the baseline transient otoacoustic emission (t-OAE) amplitudes and medial olivo-cochlear (MOC) efferent activity in children with specific learning disability (SLD) and children with normal development.Methods: The study was conducted in two groups. The patient group included 30 children aged 6 to 10 years and diagnosed with SLD, and the control group included 30 children in the same age range without SLD. The patient group included eight males and 22 females, and the control group included 14 females and 16 males. t-OAE and contralateral suppression test were performed in both groups.Results: In the first t-OAE measurements, a statistically significant difference was observed between the patient and the control group at frequencies of 1400, 2000, 2800, and 4000 Hz, but no such difference was observed at 1000 Hz frequency. In the control group, significantly better emission amplitudes were observed. No differences were found at any frequency between the patient and the control groups after suppression. When the subjects in the two groups were compared among themselves, there was a statistically significant difference between the before and after suppression scores in the patient group except at 4000 Hz. Likewise, an important difference was also observed in all frequencies in the control group.Conclusion: This study shows that suppression effects of t-OAE on children diagnosed with SLD and children with no SDL are not significantly different

    Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

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    Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa

    Simultaneous Correlation of Excess Gibbs Energy and Enthalpy of Mixing by the UNIQUAC Equation

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    Using data for excess Gibbs energy gh. and enthalpy of mixing hE, temperature dependent parameters of the UNlQUAC equation have been estimated for twenty four systems of binary mixtures. Fifteen of them include data for gh and hE at more than one isotherm. These parameters are later tested in predicting the gh and hE data simultaneously and representing the effect of temperature on such data. The UNIQUAC equation with temperature dependent parameters represents larger values of maximum heat of mixing than does the UNlQUAC equation with the parameters independent of temperature

    Phase stability analysis using interval Newton method with NRTL model

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    The Gibbs energy minimization using activity coefficient models and nonlinear equation solution techniques are commonly applied for phase stability problems. However, dependence on the initial estimates and multiple solutions for these highly nonlinear equations are common drawbacks for some of the conventional approaches. We have used interval Newton method with the local composition model of NRTL for the phase stability analysis of 10 binary systems and 2 ternary systems at various feed compositions to locate all the stationary points. Results indicate that the interval Newton method is reliable and efficient

    The effects of crisis on security exchange : İMKB case study

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    Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyini gösteren en önemli kriterlerden biri o ülkenin finansal piyasalarının derinlik kazanmış olmasıdır. Sermayenin dağılımı sürecinde önemli rol oynayarak ekonominin devamlı yeniden yapılandırılması ve sonuçta ekonomik büyümenin sağlanmasına katkıda bulunması finansal sistemin en önemli işlevidir. Bu bakımdan borsalar ülkelerin finansal derinliliğini ortaya koyan en önemli göstergelerin başında gelir. Ülke içinde ya da dışında gelişen ve küreselleşmeyle bulaşıcılık etkisi artan krizlerin de kendilerini ilk olarak ve sonrasında artan bir şiddetle hissettirdikleri yerler yine borsalardır. Türkiye 2000–2001 krizinin ardından 27 çeyrek boyunca devam eden büyüme trendini 2008 krizinin ardından kaybetmiştir. Bu çalışma ile İMKB Ulusal Hisse Senetleri Endeksleri yoluyla krizin nerede başladığı, ne şekilde geliştiği ve ne yönde salınımına devam ettiği tablo ve grafikler yardımıyla açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.One of the most important criteria in showing the development level of a country is that financial markets of the country have gained depth. The most important function of financial system is reconstruction of economy and as a result of this, contribution to economical growth by playing a crucial role in the distribution process of capital. From this respect, Stock exchange is the leading indicator in showing countries’ financial depth.The crisises that develop either internally and have a growing contagion effect with globalization, make themselves felt in stock exchange with an increasing severe. After the crisis in 2000-2001, Turkey has lost the growing trend lasting for twenty seven quarter in the following of 2008 crisis. With this study, we have tried to explain where the crisis has started via national share index of İstanbul stock exchange, how it has developed and how it has gained and in which way it has continued oscillation with the help of tables and graphics

    Analysis of statements of the ministry of foreign affairs of the Republic of Türkiye towards Subsaharan African countries (2002 -2015)

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    Türkiye'nin Afrika politikası, 2002'de iktidara gelen Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi ile yeni bir vizyon kazanmıştır. Sahraaltı Afrika ülkeleriyle kurulan ilişkiler bağlamında, Türkiye'nin Afrika politikası yıllar içinde ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve güvenlik boyutları da dâhil olmak üzere çok yönlü bir hâl almıştır. Atılan adımlar çerçevesinde Türkiye'nin Sahraaltı Afrika ülkeleri ile ilişkileri çeşitlenmiş ve bu gelişme açıklamalara da yansımıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığının internet sitesinde yer alan "Açıklamalar" sekmesi altındaki "Bakanlık Açıklamaları", "Basın Bilgi Notları", "Basın Toplantıları", "Güncel Gelişmeler" başlıkları baz alınarak 2002 ile 2015 yılları arasındaki tüm açıklamalar taranmış daha sonra ilgili metinler içerisinde Sahraaltı Afrika coğrafyasındaki ülkeleri ilgilendiren açıklamalar belirlenmiş ve incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığının Sahraaltı Afrika ülkeleri ile ilgili açıklamalarındaki değişim ve süreklilik unsurları tespit edilmiştir. İlgili çalışma kapsamında 2002- 2015 yılları arasında Sahraaltı Afrika ülkelerini ilgilendiren açıklamaların değerlendirmesi; "siyasi ve diplomatik ilişkiler", "ekonomik ve diğer sektörlerdeki iş birliği", "Sahraaltı Afrika ülkelerinde meydana gelen gelişmeler" ve "Türkiye'nin bölgeye yaptığı yardımlara ilişkin açıklamalar" başlıkları oluşturularak ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığının Sahraaltı Afrika ülkelerini ilgilendiren açıklamalarındaki süreklilik ve değişimlerin çözümlemesini yaparak ilgili dış politika açıklamalarına yönelik genel değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur.Türkiye's African policy gained a new vision with the Justice and Development Party, which came to power in 2002. In the context of relations with sub-Saharan African countries, Türkiye's African policy has become multifaceted over the years, including its economic, political, social, cultural and security dimensions. Within the framework of the steps taken, Türkiye's relations with Sub-Saharan African countries have diversified and this development is also reflected in the statements. In this study, all statements between 2002 and 2015 were scanned, taking into account the titles of "Ministry Statements", "Press Information Notes", "Press Meetings", "Current Developments" under the "Announcements" tab on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye. In the relevant texts, the explanations concerning the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa were determined and examined. In this framework, the elements of change and continuity in the statements of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye regarding Sub-Saharan African countries have been determined. Within the scope of the related study, the evaluation of the statements concerning Sub-Saharan African countries between 2002 and 2015 were discussed under the titles of "political and diplomatic relations", "cooperation in economic and other sectors", "developments in Sub-Saharan African countries", "statements regarding Türkiye's aid to the region". In this context, the study analyzed the continuity and changes in the statements of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye concerning Sub-Saharan African countries and made general evaluations on the relevant foreign policy statements

    A step towards a new financial architecture in risk management after crisis: Basel III

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    Basel I ve Basel II uygulamaları sonrasında, tüm fınansal piyasaları etkileyecek yeni bir finansal mimari aracı uygulamaya konulmuştur: Basel III. Finansal Sistemin en önemli vasıtaları olan bankaların ve bankacılık sisteminin güçlendirilmesine yönelik bu yeni uygulama, finansal sistem içinde faaliyet gösteren tüm aktörleri etkileyecektir. Bu çalışma ile Basel kriterlerinin gelişim çizgisi dahilinde yeni bir konu olan Basel III kriterleri irdelenecektir.Following the Basel I and Basel II applications, will affect all financial markets to be implemented a new financial architecture tool: Basel III. Financial System is the most important means to strengthen the banks and the banking system, this new application, operating within the financial system will affect all the actors. Basel criteria for this study a new subject line of development within the Basel II criteria, which will be discussed

    TANK KULESİ MİLİ VE DİŞLİSİ TASARIMINDA EN İYİ MALZEME SEÇİMİ ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME PROBLEMİNİN ÇÖZÜMÜ

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    Savaş, insanoğlunun var olduğu günden beridir karşılaşmış olduğu bir gerçektir. Savaş gerçeği olan bir hayatta&nbsp;savaşı kazanmak için askeri araçlara ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu askeri araç ihtiyaçlarından birisi de&nbsp; Tank’ tır. Tank, ağır&nbsp;bir zırha, yüksek ateş gücüne ve her türlü arazide hızla gidecek şekilde tasarlanmış sürüş takımlarına sahip bir&nbsp;askeri araçtır. Her tarafı zırhla kaplanmış bir askeri araçta görüş hayati öneme sahiptir.&nbsp; Tankın görmesini sağlayan&nbsp;parçasına kule denilmektir. Bu nedenle kule tankın en önemli parçalarından biridir.&nbsp; Tank kulesi mili ve dişlisinin&nbsp;tasarımda&nbsp; en&nbsp; iyi&nbsp; malzemenin&nbsp; seçimi&nbsp; tankın&nbsp; kullanımını&nbsp; etkili&nbsp; ve&nbsp; ömrünün&nbsp; uzun&nbsp; olmasını&nbsp; sağlayacaktır.&nbsp; Tank&nbsp; Kulesi&nbsp;mili ve dişlisinin tasarımda en iyi malzemenin seçimi, birden fazla kriter altında birden fazla alternatif içerisinden&nbsp;en iyi&nbsp; malzemenin belirlenmesi amacını gerçekleştirmeye çalışır. Bu seçim, bir çok kriterli karar verme prob lemidir. Bu problemin çözümünde çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Kule mili ve dişlisinin&nbsp;tasarımda en iyi malzemenin seçimi askeri karar verme probleminde dikkate alınan kriterler sırasıyla, Sertlik,&nbsp; Talaşlı İmalata Uygunluk, Maliyet, Akma dayanımı ve Elastiklik Modülüdür. Problemin çözümünde dikkate alınan&nbsp;alternatifler ise 1030 Karbon çeliği, 1040 Karbon çeliği,&nbsp; 1050 Karbon çeliği, 1060 Karbon çeliği, 1137 Karbon&nbsp;çeliği, 1141 Karbon çeliği, 1340 Karbon çeliği, 4130 Yüksek alaşımlı çelik, 4140 Yüksek alaşımlı çelik ve 8630&nbsp;Yüksek alaşımlı çeliktir. Çalışmada, kriter ağırlıklarını belirlemede nesnel bir çok kriterli&nbsp; karar verme yöntemi&nbsp;olan Entropi yöntemi kullanılırken alternatiflerin sıralaması için CoCoSo yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Entropi&nbsp; yöntemi&nbsp;ile&nbsp; en&nbsp; önemli&nbsp; kriterin&nbsp; Talaşlı&nbsp; imalata&nbsp; uygunluk&nbsp; kriteri&nbsp; (0.60)&nbsp; olduğu&nbsp; en&nbsp; önemsiz&nbsp; kriterin&nbsp; ise&nbsp; elastiklik&nbsp; modülü&nbsp; (0.03)&nbsp;kriteri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cocoso yöntemi ile en iyi alternatifin 4130 yüksek alaşımlı çelik alternatifi (3.49)&nbsp;olduğu en kötü alternatifin ise 1030 karbon çelik (1.21) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Entropi ve CoCoSo&nbsp;yöntemlerinin&nbsp; kullanılması&nbsp; sonucu&nbsp; tank&nbsp; kulesi&nbsp; mili&nbsp; ve&nbsp; dişlisinin&nbsp; tasarımda&nbsp; kullanılabilecek&nbsp; en&nbsp; iyi&nbsp; malzemenin&nbsp;4130 yüksek alaşımlı çelik olduğu karar vericilere sunulmuştur.</p
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