Comorbidades em hipertensos, segundo o sexo, cadastrados nas Estrat?gias de Sa?de da Fam?lia de Diamantina/MG

Disponibiliza??o do conte?do parcial, conforme Termo de Autoriza??o do trabalho em refer?ncia ao processo SEI! n? 23086.002869/2021-24 (Documento 0342444).Monografia (Especializa??o em Resid?ncia) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o Multiprofissional em Sa?de do Idoso, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2021

Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogues (GHS): modulation of growth hormone secretion and therapeutic applications

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin modulate growth hormone (GH) secretion. A third mechanism was discovered in the last decade, involving the action of growth hormone secretagogues (GHS). Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the GHS-receptor, is an acylated peptide mainly produced by the stomach, but also synthesized in the hypothalamus. This compound increases both GH release and food intake. Endogenous ghrelin might amplify the basic pattern of GH secretion, optimizing somatotroph responsiveness to GHRH, activating multiple interdependent intracellular pathways. However, its main site of action is the hypothalamus. In the current paper it is reviewed the available data on the discovery of this peptide, the mechanisms of action and possible physiological roles of the GHS and ghrelin on GH secretion, and finally, the possible therapeutic applications of these compounds.A secreção do hormônio de crescimento (GH) é modulada pelo hormônio liberador de hormônio de crescimento (GHRH) e pela somatostatina. Na última década foi descoberto um terceiro mecanismo de controle, envolvendo os secretagogos de GH (GHS). A ghrelina, o ligante endógeno do receptor dos GHS, é um peptídeo acilado produzido no estômago, que também é sintetizado no hipotálamo. Este peptídeo é capaz de liberar GH, além de aumentar a ingesta alimentar. A ghrelina endógena parece amplificar o padrão básico de secreção de GH, ampliando a resposta do somatotrofo ao GHRH, estimulando múltiplas vias intracelulares interdependentes. Entretanto, seu local de atuação predominante é o hipotálamo. Neste trabalho, será apresentada revisão sobre a descoberta da ghrelina, os mecanismos de ação e o possível papel fisiológico dos GHS e da ghrelina na secreção de GH e, finalmente, as possíveis aplicações terapêuticas destes compostos.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

The teacher-student relationship in one-to-one singing lessons : a longitudinal investigation of personality and adult attachment.

This research investigates the longitudinal implications of the teacher-student relationship in one-to-one singing lessons. The thesis consists of two parts: in the first part the expectations and realities faced by singing students are evaluated; in the second part, a longitudinal observation of teacher-student relationship is made and complemented with personality and adult attachment psychological scales. For part one, 64 students completed qualitative and quantitative questionnaires before meeting their singing teachers and 40 students completed the study (six months after meeting that same teacher) by returning questionnaires regarding the relationship. A comparison of the students' expectations and experiences of studentteacher interactions reveal high levels of satisfaction in regard to relationship and overall singing experiences. Students' descriptions indicated that teachers are generally seen as friends which consequently increases trust and confidence bringing benefits for students' personal as well as musical development. In the longitudinal study of part two, the participants were 11 singing teachers and 54 students United Kingdom and 'Portugal. The study had three stages where participants were video recorded during their one-to-one singing lesson. These recordings were complemented with the psychological questionnaires NEO PI- R (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990) to evaluate personality and attachment respectively. The longitudinal observation indicated that the relationships developed into becoming more personal and often included elements from the personal lives of both teacher and student. The interaction between teacher and student include a wide list of variables: personality combination, the individual background, style of attachment and many other singing aspects, suggesting that the relationship with the student could have major impact on other aspects of singing. This research has implications for practitioners concerned with matching and improving student-teacher relationships, and for researchers interested in the longitudinal factors in effective musical teaching and learning

Mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia of Alzheimer's disease

The increase in life expectancy in the Brazilian population raises questions about the preparation of the public health system in identifying elderly patients with signs of cognitive impairment. Currently, as a consequence of the long duration of preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease, efforts of early detection have been emphasized. Clinical dementia presents an important impact on the individual's caregivers, family, society and economy. Identifying individuals who already have some cognitive impairment, despite remaining functional, as well as analyzing associated comorbidities, constitutes an opportunity to analyze possibilities for future interventions. Dementias are clinical conditions that impose a burden on the health system with its high costs, whereas the identification of individuals with cognitive impairment without dementia can aid patients and their families to plan the future and mitigate costs. This narrative revision can provide general practitioners with more information on the subject.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Psychiat Dept, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Med Botucatu, Dept Internal Med,Geriatr, Botucatu, SP, BrazilFMB Unesp, Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Santa Marcelina, Neurol Residency Program, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Grp Neurol Cognitiva & Comportamento, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil|Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Referencia Disturbios Cognit Ceredic, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Psychiat Dept, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Gastrointestinal parasites in iberian wolf (canis lupus signatus) from the Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula is one of the most humanized areas in Europe, yet humans may cohabit with large predators, such as the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus), at the expense of many contributions to its conservation. The limited wolves? territory leads to a close relationship between this wild species, humans, and other animals, which may promote the spillover of pathogens, such as gastrointestinal parasites. This review intends to provide an update concerning gastrointestinal parasite findings performed using coprological methods on fecal samples from Iberian wolves. Studies conducted in Portugal and Spain through coprology presented a prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of 57.0?100% in Spain and 21.5?68.3% in Portugal. Parasites belonging to Protozoa, Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda were specified, alongside thirteen genera and twenty species of gastrointestinal parasites. In this study, 76.9% (10/13) of genera and 65.0% (13/20) of species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified as having zoonotic potential. These results highlight that further studies are needed to better understand the parasitic agents circulating in the wild in humanized areas, such as the Iberian Peninsula.A91F-E8B8-FA62 | Teresa Susana Letra MateusN/

Metal-resistant rhizobacteria change soluble-exchangeable fraction in multi-metal-contaminated soil samples

There is a complex interaction between various components of the soil ecosystem, including microbial biomass and soil chemical contaminants such as heavy metals and radionuclides, which may greatly affect the efficiency of bioremediation techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial capacity to change pH, changes in the metal soluble-exchangeable fraction, and effects of initial heavy metal contents on soil samples in microbial solubilization/immobilization capacity. The soil samples used in this study were collected at a known metal-contaminated site. Three highly metal-resistant bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples collected on weed species identified as Senecio brasiliensis, Senecio leptolobus, and Baccharis trimera. A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement was used, with three replicates. In general, with an acid pH, the isolates neutralized the contaminated growth media. In a neutral or basic initial pH, increases in pH were observed in the media, so these bacteria have an alkalizing effect on the growth media. Soluble metal contents were quite different and depend on the microbial species and heavy metal contents in the soil samples. The soluble-exchangeable fraction of metal such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Ba may be unavailable after inoculation with heavy metalresistant rhizobacteria. A promising approach seems to be the application of inoculants with metal-resistant bacteria in bioremediation of multi-metal-polluted environments to improve the efficiency of this environmentally friendly technology

Characterisation of an ABC transporter of a resistant Candida glabrata clinical isolate

BACKGROUND Candida glabrata ranks second in epidemiological surveillance studies, and is considered one of the main human yeast pathogens. Treatment of Candida infections represents a contemporary public health problem due to the limited availability of an antifungal arsenal, toxicity effects and increasing cases of resistance. C. glabrata presents intrinsic fluconazole resistance and is a significant concern in clinical practice and in hospital environments. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterise the azole resistance mechanism presented by a C. glabrata clinical isolate from a Brazilian university hospital. METHODS Azole susceptibility assays, chemosensitisation, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry were performed. FINDINGS Our study demonstrated extremely high resistance to all azoles tested: fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole. This isolate was chemosensitised by FK506, a classical inhibitor of ABC transporters related to azole resistance, and Rhodamine 6G extrusion was observed. A mass spectrometry assay confirmed the ABC protein identification suggesting the probable role of efflux pumps in this resistance phenotype. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the importance of ABC proteins and their relation to the resistance mechanism in hospital environments and they may be an important target for the development of compounds able to unsettle drug extrusion.

Polyfunctional T cell responses in children in early stages of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection contrast with monofunctional responses of long-term infected adults

Background: Adults with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi exhibit a poorly functional T cell compartment, characterized by monofunctional (IFN-γ-only secreting) parasite-specific T cells and increased levels of terminally differentiated T cells. It is possible that persistent infection and/or sustained exposure to parasites antigens may lead to a progressive loss of function of the immune T cells. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test this hypothesis, the quality and magnitude of T. cruzi-specific T cell responses were evaluated in T. cruzi-infected children and compared with long-term T. cruzi-infected adults with no evidence of heart failure. The phenotype of CD4+ T cells was also assessed in T. cruzi-infected children and uninfected controls. Simultaneous secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 measured by ELISPOT assays in response to T. cruzi antigens was prevalent among T. cruzi-infected children. Flow cytometric analysis of co-expression profiles of CD4+ T cells with the ability to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, or to express the co-stimulatory molecule CD154 in response to T. cruzi showed polyfunctional T cell responses in most T. cruzi-infected children. Monofunctional T cell responses and an absence of CD4+TNF-α+-secreting T cells were observed in T. cruzi-infected adults. A relatively high degree of activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells was evident in T. cruzi-infected children. Conclusions/Significance: Our observations are compatible with our initial hypothesis that persistent T. cruzi infection promotes eventual exhaustion of immune system, which might contribute to disease progression in long-term infected subjects.Fil: Albareda, María Cecilia. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: de Rissio, Ana María. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Tomas, Gonzalo. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Serjan, Alicia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, María Gabriela. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Viotti, Rodolfo Jorge. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Fichera, Laura Edith. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Esteva, Mónica Inés. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Potente, Daniel Fernando. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Armenti, Alejandro. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Tarleton, Rick L.. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Laucella, Susana Adriana. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin