1,881 research outputs found
The Developing Methodology for Analyzing Privacy Torts
The authors assert the need for a common method of analyzing privacy situations that can be applied consistently by practitioners, juries and courts. They contend that confusion exists as to the legal basis of privacy torts because the right of privacy, as originally conceived by Warren and Brandeis, was never adequately defined. Prosser\u27s analysis of privacy torts departs from the Warren and Brandeis formulation and, according to the authors, also can be criticized for lack of definition. The authors present a new methodology that analyzes privacy torts based upon the scope of consent standard. They maintain that the result will be the protection of the right of privacy as originally conceived by Warren and Brandeis
Social problem solving, cognitive defusion and social identification in wellness recovery action planning
Objective: The concept of recovery has become an integral part of modern mental health
care. Understanding the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of key recovery
interventions, such as Wellness Recovery Action Planning (WRAP), is essential in order to
expand the theoretical understanding of recovery and inform how to target recovery in
treatment. Therefore a systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the
mental health outcomes of WRAP for adults. The empirical study then explored three
constructs in relation to WRAP and recovery. These were social problem solving, cognitive
defusion and social identification.
Method: The systematic review of the mental health outcomes of WRAP was conducted by
searching four databases, contacting the authors of WRAP research and seeking evaluative
information from organisations that deliver WRAP. Fourteen relevant studies met the
inclusion criteria. Whereas, the empirical study recruited participants on a trans-diagnostic
basis from across Scotland. Using a quantitative cross sectional design, 109 participant’s
completed 5 self-report questionnaires. These were the Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs
about WRAP Questionnaire (WRAP beliefs), the Recovery Assessment Scale – Short (RAS-S),
the Social Problem Solving Inventory - Revised - Short (SPSI-R-S), the Four Item Measure of
Social Identification (FISI) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Correlation,
regression and mediation analysis were used to explore relationships, and in particular, the
predictors and mediators of recovery.
Results: The systematic review provided strong evidence that WRAP has a significant positive
impact on hope and also reduces the symptoms of mental illness. However, whether WRAP
improves personal levels of recovery was unclear and a possible risk of disempowerment was
found. Promising preliminary mental health outcomes in the areas of confidence in managing
mental health, quality of life, service use, self-advocacy and knowledge attitudes and beliefs
about recovery were highlighted. Only studies that did not use peer facilitators failed to find
significant increases in hope compared to treatment as usual control groups. In the empirical
study, the results indicated that all the constructs examined were correlated to recovery. In
the regression analysis, WRAP beliefs, social problem solving and cognitive defusion also
demonstrated a predictive relationship with recovery. Mediation analysis indicated that,
social problem solving mediated two distinct relationships. One between WRAP beliefs and
recovery, and another between cognitive defusion and recovery. The social problem solving
subscales also showed how the two predictors relate to recovery through social problem
solving in different ways. Social identification with the WRAP group did not significantly
predict or mediate recovery.
Conclusions: The systematic review indicated having peer facilitators delivering WRAP is key
to helping participants foster hope and that a further randomised control trial could help
clarify if improved personal recovery is an outcome of WRAP. It additionally suggested how
the relationship between WRAP beliefs and recovery could be explored, as per the design of
the empirical study. Findings from the empirical study implied that improving participants’
social problem solving and cognitive defusion should be specifically targeted in WRAP
delivery. The studies combined indicate that to achieve the best recovery results
interventions, like WRAP, should target inspiring hope through peer support, improving
knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about recovery and cognitive defusion from unhelpful
thoughts
Three-dimensional forced-damped dynamical systems with rich dynamics : bifurcations, chaos and unbounded solutions
T.M. is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellow No. 24·5312. H.O. is partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI 24244007.We consider certain autonomous three-dimensional dynamical systems that can arise in mechanical and fluid-dynamical contexts. Extending a previous study in Craik and Okamoto (2002), to include linear forcing and damping, we find that the four-leaf structure discovered in that paper, and unbounded orbits, persist, but may now be accompanied by three distinct period-doubling cascades to chaos, and by orbits that approach stable equilibrium points. This rich structure is investigated both analytically and numerically, distinguishing three main cases determined by the damping and forcing parameter values.PostprintPeer reviewe
Headache
From a dissertation read before the Society on February 4th, 1966.Headache is a symptom which may be a feature of a wide range of conditions, arising not only with pathology in the head but also in cardio-vascular, renal, metabolic, orthopaedic and psychiatric conditions. It is extremely common, and usually transitory. Yet it may be a symptom of great significance in clinical practice. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The explanations of the cause of headaches have a long history, and it is on the aetiology of headache that this discussion will centre.Headache can be a dramatic symptom and presumably has been ever since primitive man drank a fermented juice to excess and had his first hangover, or woke up with his first postconcussional headache to find that his wife had been kidnapped
Prediction for the He I 10830A Absorption Wing in the Coming Event of Eta Carinae
We propose an explanation to the puzzling appearance of a wide blue
absorption wing in the He I 10830A P-Cygni profile of the massive binary star
Eta Carinae several months before periastron passage. Our basic assumption is
that the colliding winds region is responsible for the blue wing absorption. By
fitting observations, we find that the maximum outflow velocity of this
absorbing material is ~2300 km/s. We also assume that the secondary star is
toward the observer at periastron passage. With a toy-model we achieve two
significant results. (1) We show that the semimajor axis orientation we use can
account for the appearance and evolution of the wide blue wing under our basic
assumption. (2) We predict that the Doppler shift (the edge of the absorption
profile) will reach a maximum 0-3 weeks before periastron passage, and not
necessarily exactly at periastron passage or after periastron passage.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Episodic Post-Shock Dust Formation in the Colliding Winds of Eta Carinae
Eta Carinae shows broad peaks in near-infrared (IR) JHKL photometry, roughly
correlated with times of periastron passage in the eccentric binary system.
After correcting for secular changes attributed to reduced extinction from the
thinning Homunculus Nebula, these peaks have IR spectral energy distributions
(SEDs) consistent with emission from hot dust at 1400-1700 K. The excess SEDs
are clearly inconsistent, however, with the excess being entirely due to
free-free wind or photospheric emission. One must conclude, therefore, that the
broad near-IR peaks associated with Eta Carinae's 5.5 yr variability are due to
thermal emission from hot dust. I propose that this transient hot dust results
from episodic formation of grains within compressed post-shock zones of the
colliding winds, analogous to the episodic dust formation in Wolf-Rayet binary
systems like WR140 or the post-shock dust formation seen in some supernovae
like SN2006jc. This dust formation in Eta Carinae seems to occur preferentially
near and after periastron passage; near-IR excess emission then fades as the
new dust disperses and cools. With the high grain temperatures and Eta Car's
C-poor abundances, the grains are probably composed of corundum or similar
species that condense at high temperatures, rather than silicates or graphite.
Episodic dust formation in Eta Car's colliding winds significantly impacts our
understanding of the system, and several observable consequences are discussed.Comment: MNRAS accepted; 8 pages, 5 figs, 2 color fig
In Hot Pursuit of the Hidden Companion of Eta Carinae: An X-ray Determination of the Wind Parameters
We present X-ray spectral fits to a recently obtained Chandra grating
spectrum of Eta Carinae, one of the most massive and powerful stars in the
Galaxy and which is strongly suspected to be a colliding wind binary system.
Hydrodynamic models of colliding winds are used to generate synthetic X-ray
spectra for a range of mass-loss rates and wind velocities. They are then
fitted against newly acquired Chandra grating data. We find that due to the low
velocity of the primary wind (~500 km/s), most of the observed X-ray emission
appears to arise from the shocked wind of the companion star. We use the
duration of the lightcurve minimum to fix the wind momentum ratio at 0.2. We
are then able to obtain a good fit to the data by varying the mass-loss rate of
the companion and the terminal velocity of its wind. We find that Mdot ~ 1e-5
Msol/yr and v ~ 3000 km/s. With observationally determined values of ~500-700
km/s for the velocity of the primary wind, our fit implies a primary mass-loss
rate of Mdot ~ 2.5e-4 Msol/yr. This value is smaller than commonly inferred,
although we note that a lower mass-loss rate can reduce some of the problems
noted by Hillier et al. (2001) when a value as high as 1e-3 Msol/yr is used.
The wind parameters of the companion are indicative of a massive star which may
or may not be evolved. The line strengths appear to show slightly sub-solar
abundances, although this needs further confirmation. Based on the
over-estimation of the X-ray line strengths in our model, and re-interpretation
of the HST/FOS results, it appears that the homunculus nebula was produced by
the primary star.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by A&
Integrated analysis of Wnt signalling system component gene expression
Wnt signalling controls patterning and differentiation across many tissues and organs of the developing embryo through temporally and spatially restricted expression of multi-gene families encoding ligands, receptors, pathway modulators and intracellular components. Here, we report an integrated analysis of key genes in the 3D space of the mouse embryo across multiple stages of development. We applied a method for 3D/3D image transformation to map all gene expression patterns to a single reference embryo for each stage, providing both visual analysis and volumetric mapping allowing computational methods to interrogate the combined expression patterns. We identify territories where multiple Wnt and Fzd genes are co-expressed and cross-compare all patterns, including all seven Wnt paralogous gene pairs. The comprehensive analysis revealed regions in the embryo where no Wnt or Fzd gene expression is detected, and where single Wnt genes are uniquely expressed. This work provides insight into a previously unappreciated level of organisation of expression patterns, as well as presenting a resource that can be utilised further by the research community for whole-system analysis
Determination of metal ion concentrations by SERS using 2,2’-bipyridyl complexes
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can generate characteristic spectral “fingerprints” from metal complexes, thus providing the potential for the development of methods of analysis for the identification and quantitation of a range of metal ions in solution. The advantages include sensitivity and the use of one ligand for several metals without the need for a specific chromophore. Aqueous solutions of Fe(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) in the presence of excess 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) were analysed using SERS. Specific marker bands enabled the identification of each metal ion and the limit of detection for each metal ion was estimated. Two of the ions, Zn(II) and Cu(II), could be detected below the World Health Organisation's (WHO) recommended limits for drinking water at levels of 0.22 and 0.6 mg L−1, respectively
Constraining the Absolute Orientation of Eta Carinae's Binary Orbit: A 3-D Dynamical Model for the Broad [Fe III] Emission
We present a three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical model for the broad [Fe III]
emission observed in Eta Carinae using the Hubble Space Telescope/Space
Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS). This model is based on full 3-D
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of Eta Car's binary colliding
winds. Radiative transfer codes are used to generate synthetic spectro-images
of [Fe III] emission line structures at various observed orbital phases and
STIS slit position angles (PAs). Through a parameter study that varies the
orbital inclination i, the PA {\theta} that the orbital plane projection of the
line-of-sight makes with the apastron side of the semi-major axis, and the PA
on the sky of the orbital axis, we are able, for the first time, to tightly
constrain the absolute 3-D orientation of the binary orbit. To simultaneously
reproduce the blue-shifted emission arcs observed at orbital phase 0.976, STIS
slit PA = +38 degrees, and the temporal variations in emission seen at negative
slit PAs, the binary needs to have an i \approx 130 to 145 degrees, {\theta}
\approx -15 to +30 degrees, and an orbital axis projected on the sky at a PA
\approx 302 to 327 degrees east of north. This represents a system with an
orbital axis that is closely aligned with the inferred polar axis of the
Homunculus nebula, in 3-D. The companion star, Eta B, thus orbits clockwise on
the sky and is on the observer's side of the system at apastron. This
orientation has important implications for theories for the formation of the
Homunculus and helps lay the groundwork for orbital modeling to determine the
stellar masses.Comment: 23 pages, 12 color figures, plus 2 online-only appendices (available
in the /anc folder of the Source directory). Accepted for publication in
MNRA
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