2,465 research outputs found

    Cell sorting in a Petri dish controlled by computer vision.

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    Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) applying flow cytometry to separate cells on a molecular basis is a widespread method. We demonstrate that both fluorescent and unlabeled live cells in a Petri dish observed with a microscope can be automatically recognized by computer vision and picked up by a computer-controlled micropipette. This method can be routinely applied as a FACS down to the single cell level with a very high selectivity. Sorting resolution, i.e., the minimum distance between two cells from which one could be selectively removed was 50-70 micrometers. Survival rate with a low number of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and NE-4C neuroectodermal mouse stem cells was 66 +/- 12% and 88 +/- 16%, respectively. Purity of sorted cultures and rate of survival using NE-4C/NE-GFP-4C co-cultures were 95 +/- 2% and 62 +/- 7%, respectively. Hydrodynamic simulations confirmed the experimental sorting efficiency and a cell damage risk similar to that of normal FACS

    Review: Synthetic Jets and their Cooling Applications

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    O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão do estado da arte da aplicação de jatos sintéticos para resfriamento. A aplicação de jatos sintéticos representa uma técnica alternativa aos sistemas de resfriamento líquido, que busca aumentar a troca térmica mantendo-se o ar como fluido de trabalho. Para isso, é necessário primeiro discursar sobre as variações de dispositivos de geração, as principais características fluidodinâmicas dos jatos sintéticos e seus parâmetros adimensionais de avaliação de desempenho. Jatos sintéticos são formados em dispositivos geradores a partir de uma cavidade equipada com um pequeno orifício. A oscilação de uma membrana ou parede da cavidade induz uma movimentação periódica de fluido e produz um jato sintético na região externa ao orifício de saída. O jato sintético possui características de velocidade média semelhantes a um jato contínuo, mas com um nível de turbulência maior devido a sua natureza oscilatória. O resfriamento pode ser realizado em configurações de jato de impactação ou tangencial. Independente da configuração, a interação da turbulência do jato com uma superfície resulta em um aumento da troca térmica tanto em relação à convecção natural como convecção forçada de escoamentos de regime permanente.Palavras-chave: jato sintético, resfriamento, convecção forçadaThe objective of this paper is to present a review of the state of the art in cooling applications of synthetic jets. Cooling by means of synthetic jets represent an alternative technique to liquid cooling, in which air is still the working fluid. To this end, it is necessary first to present the varying types of synthetic jet generators, the fluid dynamic characteristics and the dimensionless performance parameters of the jets themselves. Synthetic jets are produced in generators that consist of a sealed cavity containing a small orifice. A boundary oscillation induces fluid movement in and out of the cavity through the orifice that, in the region external to the orifice, develops into a synthetic jet. The synthetic jet has average velocity properties similar to a steady jet albeit with a higher level of turbulence due to its oscillatory nature. Cooling applications of synthetic jets can occur in an impacting or tangential configuration. Regardless of the configuration used, several experimental and numerical studies have demonstrated that there is a significant increase in heat transfer compared to natural convection and forced convection with steady state turbulent flows.Keywords: synthetic jets, cooling, forced convectio

    Processos de Ensino e Aprendizagem de Biologia no Ensino Remoto Emergencial: Possibilidades de Inovação Pedagógica?

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    All over the world people are witnessing a new form of social behavior, in this sense, the work strategies and, mainly, the teaching work has been affected. Faced with this scenario, education, in a time of facing COVID-19, comes to understand technology even more as an instrument of solution, adaptation, but also of inequalities. In this context, remote teaching came to replace face-to-face classes, while the pandemic situation lasts. Legislations were modified, ordinances were created, so that teachers could continue with teaching. This work sought to map the elements of innovation in pedagogical practices, carried out by different teachers, during the remote period, which aim to ensure the teaching and learning processes in Biology. To operationalize this study, Grounded Theory was used. The results indicate that, in the view of the research participants, remote teaching is harmful to the teaching and learning processes in Biology, being pointed out as aggravating spatio-temporal, technological and socio-emotional factors. Thus, the data point to remote teaching as a way to meet the need for school contact, but which does not provide significant learning and innovative teaching and learning spaces-times, since pedagogical practices for teaching Biology are not promoting student protagonism, nor guaranteeing the right to learn for students.    Keywords: Meaningful learning. Remote teaching emergency. Pedagogical innovation. Grounded theory. No mundo, todas pessoas estão presenciando uma nova forma de comportamento social, nesse sentido, as estratégias de trabalho e, principalmente, o trabalho docente foi afetado. Frente a este cenário, a educação, em época de enfrentamento à COVID-19, passa a entender ainda mais a tecnologia como um instrumento de solução, adaptação, mas também de desigualdades.  Assim, o ensino remoto veio para substituir as aulas presenciais, enquanto durar a situação de pandemia. Legislações foram modificadas, portarias foram criadas, para que os professores prosseguissem com o ensino. Este trabalho buscou mapear os elementos de inovação nas práticas pedagógicas, executadas por diferentes professoras, durante o período remoto, que se propõem a assegurar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos na área de Biologia. Para operacionalizar este estudo utilizou-se da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Os resultados apontam que, na visão dos participantes da pesquisa, o ensino remoto é prejudicial aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em Biologia, sendo apontados como agravantes fatores espaço-temporais, tecnológicos e socioemocionais. Deste modo, os dados apontam o ensino remoto como uma forma de suprir a necessidade de contato escolar, mas que não proporciona aprendizagens significativas e espaços-tempos de ensino e aprendizagem inovadores, visto que as práticas pedagógicas para o ensino de Biologia não estão promovendo o protagonismo estudantil, tampouco garantindo o direito à aprendizagem dos estudantes.  Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem significativa. Ensino remoto emergencial. Inovação pedagógica. Teoria fundamentada nos dados

    SDRE APPLIED TO POSITION AND VIBRATION CONTROL OF A ROBOT MANIPULATOR WITH A FLEXIBLE LINK

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    This paper presents position and vibration control of a flexible robot composed of two rigid and one flexible links. Position is controlled by the current applied to the DC motor armature. To control vibrations of the flexible structure, Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are used. Due to phase transformations, the SMA can change its stiffness through temperature variation, considering and taking advantage of this characteristic the vibration control is done. Control is achieved via the State Dependent Ricatti Equations (SDRE) technique, which uses suboptimal control and system local stability search. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed control for the considered system

    Niche partitioning of a pathogenic microbiome driven by chemical gradients

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    © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved. Environmental microbial communities are stratified by chemical gradients that shape the structure and function of these systems. Similar chemical gradients exist in the human body, but how they influence these microbial systems is more poorly understood. Understanding these effects can be particularly important for dysbiotic shifts in microbiome structure that are often associated with disease. We show that pH and oxygen strongly partition the microbial community from a diseased human lung into two mutually exclusive communities of pathogens and anaerobes. Antimicrobial treatment disrupted this chemical partitioning, causing complex death, survival, and resistance outcomes that were highly dependent on the individual microorganism and on community stratification. These effects were mathematically modeled, enabling a predictive understanding of this complex polymicrobial system. Harnessing the power of these chemical gradients could be a drug-free method of shaping microbial communities in the human body from undesirable dysbiotic states

    Percepção de atendentes de farmácias sobre os riscos da automedicação

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    Introdução: A automedicação é uma realidade para uma grande parcela da população. O atendente de farmácia é um profissional que, embora participe diretamente dessa prática, não costuma ser considerado em estudos que avaliam a automedicação no Brasil. Como resultado, pouco se sabe sobre o entendimento dos atendentes de farmácia quanto aos riscos dessa prática. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso da automedicação pelos balconistas da cidade de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, além de seus conhecimentos sobre os riscos que envolvem essa prática. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal por meio de questionário estruturado enviado ao e-mail profissional dos atendentes. Resultados: 41,6% dos atendentes entrevistados afirmaram que se automedicam pelos menos uma vez por mês e 66,3% que realizam indicação de medicamentos isentos de prescrição para clientes da farmácia. 30,7% dos participantes afirmaram que já foram incentivados a indicar medicamentos, porém 75,2% não se consideram preparados para auxiliar os clientes na automedicação. Conclusão A automedicação e o auxílio à automedicação de pacientes é uma prática comum entre os atendentes de farmácia. Diante disso, cabe ao farmacêutico assumir a responsabilidade pelo treinamento desses profissionais para minimizar os riscos da automedicação para os pacientes e atendentes

    Shape modeling technique KOALA validated by ESA Rosetta at (21) Lutetia

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    We present a comparison of our results from ground-based observations of asteroid (21) Lutetia with imaging data acquired during the flyby of the asteroid by the ESA Rosetta mission. This flyby provided a unique opportunity to evaluate and calibrate our method of determination of size, 3-D shape, and spin of an asteroid from ground-based observations. We present our 3-D shape-modeling technique KOALA which is based on multi-dataset inversion. We compare the results we obtained with KOALA, prior to the flyby, on asteroid (21) Lutetia with the high-spatial resolution images of the asteroid taken with the OSIRIS camera on-board the ESA Rosetta spacecraft, during its encounter with Lutetia. The spin axis determined with KOALA was found to be accurate to within two degrees, while the KOALA diameter determinations were within 2% of the Rosetta-derived values. The 3-D shape of the KOALA model is also confirmed by the spectacular visual agreement between both 3-D shape models (KOALA pre- and OSIRIS post-flyby). We found a typical deviation of only 2 km at local scales between the profiles from KOALA predictions and OSIRIS images, resulting in a volume uncertainty provided by KOALA better than 10%. Radiometric techniques for the interpretation of thermal infrared data also benefit greatly from the KOALA shape model: the absolute size and geometric albedo can be derived with high accuracy, and thermal properties, for example the thermal inertia, can be determined unambiguously. We consider this to be a validation of the KOALA method. Because space exploration will remain limited to only a few objects, KOALA stands as a powerful technique to study a much larger set of small bodies using Earth-based observations.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in P&S
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