Connaissances et croyances des intervenants des milieux scolaires, de la santé et des services sociaux à l’égard du trouble déficitaire de l’attention/hyperactivité

Cette recherche vise à mieux connaître les connaissances et les croyances des intervenants des milieux scolaires, de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec à l’égard du TDAH. Les auteures examinent l’écart important entre les pratiques identifiées comme exemplaires auprès des personnes ayant un TDAH et celles qui sont utilisées dans les milieux québécois. Cette situation observée par Cohen et al. (1999) pourrait être liée aux connaissances erronées des intervenants ou à leurs croyances qui vont à l’encontre de ces pratiques et à leur refus de les appliquer dans leurs milieux. Deux outils ont été administrés : le Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Orientation Scale (ADHDOS) (Couture, 2002) et le Survey of ADHD de Jerome et al. (1994). Les résultats démontrent, entre autres, que les connaissances et les croyances varient selon la profession et la formation reçue.This study aims at better understanding the knowledge and beliefs of professional workers in school, health and social service settings in Quebec regarding ADHD. The authors examine the important discrepancies identified by Cohen (1999) between identified standard practices in treating ADHD patients and practices used in Quebec. This situation could be linked to insufficient knowledge of workers or certain of their beliefs that oppose these practices and their reluctance to implement them in their environment. Two measurement scales were utilised : the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Orientation Scale (ADHDOS, Couture, 2002) and the Survey of ADHD of Jerome and al. (1994). Results show among other things, that knowledge and beliefs vary according to professionals’background and training.Esta investigación busca conocer mejor los conocimientos y creencias de los interventores de los medios escolares, de la salud y los servicios sociales de Quebec con respecto al TDAH. Los autores examinan la diferencia importante entre las prácticas identificadas como ejemplares en las personas que sufren de un TDAH y de las prácticas utilizadas en los medios quebequenses. Esta situación observada por Cohen et al. (1999) podría estar ligada a los conocimientos erróneos de los interventores o a sus creencias, que van en contra de estas prácticas, y a su rechazo a aplicarlos en sus medios. Se administraron dos herramientas: La escala para medir el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Orientation Scale, ADHDOS– (Couture, 2002) y el cuestionario TDAH de Jerome et al. (1994). Los resultados demuestran, entre otros, que los conocimientos y creencias varían según la profesión y la formación recibida.Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de recensear os conhecimentos e crenças dos intervenientes dos meios escolares, da saúde e dos serviços sociais do Quebec com respeito ao TDAH. As autoras examinam a distância importante entre as práticas identificadas como exemplares junto a pessoas que sofrem de um TDAH, e as que são utilizadas nos meios quebequenses. Esta situação observada por Cohen et al. (1999) poderia estar ligada aos conhecimentos equivocados dos intervenientes ou a suas crenças que vão ao encontro destas práticas e à sua recusa de aplicá-los em seus meios. Duas ferramentas foram administradas: a Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Orientation Scale (ADHDOS) (Couture, 2002) e a Survey of ADHD de Jerome et al. (1994). Os resultados demonstram, entre outros, que os conhecimentos e as crenças variam segundo a profissão e a formação recebida

A Study of the Concurrent Validity between the Boxall Profile and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

The aim of the study is to establish the level of concurrent validity between the Boxall Profile, a diagnostic instrument used by teachers and teaching assistants in nurture groups, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, a widely used screening instrument in the fields of education, mental health and social work. 202 children and adolescents attending nurture groups in England, aged 3-14 years, participated in the study. . These consisted of142 boys and 60 girls and came from 25 schools in 8 LEAs. School staff completed the Boxall Profile and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for all pupils. . The results show a high degree of concordance between the two instruments, with both measures appearing to identify similar behavioural characteristics in the same children. Scores in specific domains of the Boxall Profile are shown to predict performance on particular sub-scales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. These preliminary findings support the validity claims of the Boxall Profile, indicating that it is a reliable tool for both diagnostic and research purposes

Caractérisation de l'exposition aux pyréthrinoïdes dans la population rurale agricole de la Montérégie

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

L’adaptation sociale et scolaire des élèves de première secondaire s’est-elle détériorée au fil des ans ? Une étude comparative 1996-2005

Depuis quelques années, des propos alarmistes sont véhiculés par l’opinion publique et les médias au sujet de la détérioration du comportement des jeunes à l’école. Cependant, peu de données scientifiques sont disponibles pour appuyer ces dires. En comparant, sur des mesures d’adaptation sociale et scolaire, deux cohortes d’élèves (12-13 ans) d’une même école secondaire (1996 et 2005), cette étude montre que les élèves de 2005 s’adapteraient mieux à leur milieu scolaire que ceux de 1996. Des hypothèses concernant la concertation des équipes scolaires et le partenariat école-famille sont finalement formulées pour expliquer les différences relevées entre les deux cohortes.For some years, public opinion and the media convey alarmist comments concerning the deterioration of current students’ behaviour. However, little scientific data is available to support these statements. By comparing the results of two student cohorts (aged 12-13) from the same high school (1996 and 2005) on measures of social and school adaptation, this study demonstrates that the school and social adaptation for 2005 students is more positive compared with that of 1996 students. Finally, some hypotheses are presented concerning the effect of dialogue between school staff and school-family partnership to explain the differences observed between these two cohorts.Desde hace algunos años, se trasmiten unos comentarios alarmistas por la opinión pública y los medios acerca de la deterioración del comportamiento de los jóvenes en la escuela. Sin embargo, se cuenta con pocos datos científicos para apoyar estas afirmaciones. Comparando a dos grupos de alumnos (12-13 años) de una misma escuela secundaria (1996 y 2005), tomando como base algunas medidas de adaptación social y escolar, el presente estudio muestra que los alumnos de 2005 se adaptarían mejor a su ámbito escolar que los de 1996. Por terminar, se formulan algunas hipótesis acerca de la concertación de los colaboradores del medio escolar y la cooperación escuela-familia para explicar las diferencias encontradas entre los dos grupos

L'enjeu des communautés en sociomusicologie : Le cas du projet de recherche sur le développement des publics de la musique au Québec

The basis of this article arises from the project “Développement des publics de la musique au Québec” (DPMQ), developed by the sociomusicology research team at the Observatoire interdisciplinaire de création et de recherche en musique (OICRM) in partnership with nine musical organizations in Quebec. Our first research question involves interrogating the definition of “community” (or “communities”), and this article proposes an application of this concept in line with the objectives of the DPMQ: establishing a social map of audience attendance and numbers of musical amateurs in Quebec, and experimenting with new forms of musical mediation in collaboration with professional partners who will apply them within the context of their activities. The second question concerns the difficulty of reconciling different work “cultures” between researchers and professionals in the cultural realm. The question in simple terms, therefore, is how to overcome the absence of a tradition of research among community partners? The third question emerges from the previous question: how to resolve the issue of sharing information? We approach these three sociomusicological research questions with respect to our initial experiences with two community partners: la Société de musique contemporaine du Québec (SMCQ) and the Festival du monde arabe (FMA).Résumé : Le matériau de cet article provient du projet « Développement des publics de la musique au Québec » (DPMQ), mis au point au sein de l’équipe de recherche en sociomusicologie de l’Observatoire interdisciplinaire de création et de recherche en musique (OICRM) en partenariat avec neuf organismes musicaux québécois. La première question de recherche que nous posons consiste à s’interroger sur la définition de la (des) communauté(s), et ce texte propose une application de cette notion en fonction des objectifs du DPMQ : établir une cartographie sociale des habitudes de fréquentation et des figures d’amateurs de musique au Québec ; expérimenter de nouvelles formes de médiation de la musique en concertation avec les communautés de professionnels partenaires qui les mettront en application dans le cadre de leurs activités. La deuxième question concerne la difficulté de concilier des « cultures » de travail différentes entre les chercheurs et les professionnels du milieu culturel. L’interrogation se pose alors en termes simples : comment pallier l’absence de tradition de recherche dans les communautés partenaires ? La troisième question découle de la précédente : comment résoudre la problématique du partage de l’information ? C’est donc à travers les premières expériences de travail avec deux communautés partenaires, la Société de musique contemporaine du Québec (SMCQ) et le Festival du monde arabe (FMA), que nous abordons ces trois questionnements de la recherche en sociomusicologie

A methodological way of evaluating innovative cropping systems integrating risk beliefs and risk preferences

In the paper, we propose a methodological way of leading an economical assessment of innovative cropping systems (ICSs). The originality lies in the integration of the crop management flexibility and the farmers’ risk perception and risk preferences. Two conventional cropping systems have been studied (continuous irrigated maize and wheat/sunflower rotation). For each of them, an innovative long rotation has been co-designed by farmers to reach various objectives, notably reduce the pressure on natural resources. The methodological protocol is tested thought a sample of 23 specialized cash crop farmers of Southwestern France is surveyed: subjective probabilities linked to climatic risk perceived are assessed and farmers’ risk aversion is elicited through experimental lotteries. Without risk consideration, the adoption of ICSs should be discouraged, given the 2010-2011 crop price situation (mean gross margin loss of about 15 %). Accounting for the farmers’ risk perception and risk aversion, and using a risk criteria analysis the results are more mitigated. An adoption premium, computed for each farmer, shows that although all farmers are almost equally risk averse, the levels of adoption premiums are heterogeneous, due to different individual risk perceptions. Finally the paper proposes a method to account for risk preferences and subjective beliefs that raise heterogeneity in the attitude towards innovative cropping systems

Effect of an isoenergetic traditional Mediterranean diet on apolipoprotein A-I kinetic in men with metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: The impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) kinetics has not been studied to date. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of the MedDiet in the absence of changes in body weight on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I kinetic in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: Twenty-six men with MetS (NCEP-ATP III) were recruited from the general community. In this fixed sequence study, participants’ diet was first standardized to a control diet reflecting current averages in macronutrient intake in North American men, with all foods and beverages provided under isoenergetic conditions for 5 weeks. Participants were then fed an isoenergetic MedDiet over a subsequent period of 5 weeks to maintain their weight constant. During the last week of each diet, participants received a single bolus dose of [5,5,5-(2)H(3)] (L)-leucine and fasting blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. ApoA-I kinetic was determined by multicompartmental modeling using isotopic enrichment data over time. Data were analyses using MIXED models. RESULTS: The response of HDL-cholesterol (C) to MedDiet was heterogeneous, such that there was no mean change compared with the control diet. Plasma apoA-I concentration (−3.9%) and pool size (−5.3%, both P < 0.05) were significantly lower after MedDiet and apoA-I production rate tended to be reduced (−5.7%, P = 0.07) with no change in apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR, -1.6%, P = 0.64). Participants among whom HDL-C concentrations were increased with MedDiet (responders: mean ∆HDL-C: +9.9 ± 3.2%, N = 11) showed significantly greater reductions in apoA-I FCR and in apoB and very-low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides (VLDL-TG) concentrations (all P < 0.04) than those among whom HDL-C levels were reduced after the MedDiet (non-responders: mean ∆HDL-C: -12.0 ± 3.9%, N = 8). Correlation analysis revealed that only variations in apoA-I FCR (r = -0.48, P = 0.01) and in plasma VLDL-TG (r = −0.45, P = 0.03) concentrations were correlated with the individual HDL-C response to the MedDiet. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this controlled feeding study suggest that the heterogeneous response of HDL-C to MedDiet, in the absence of important weight loss, is primarily related to individual variations in apoA-I FCR and in plasma VLDL-TG concentrations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov registration number: NCT0098865

Cell wall biochemical alterations during Agrobacterium -mediated expression of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like vaccine particles in tobacco

International audienceInfluenza virus‐like particles (VLPs) have been shown to induce a safe and potent immune response through both humoral and cellular responses. They represent promising novel influenza vaccines. Plant‐based biotechnology allows for the large‐scale production of VLPs of biopharmaceutical interest using different model organisms, including Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Through this platform, influenza VLPs bud from the plasma membrane and accumulate between the membrane and the plant cell wall. To design and optimize efficient production processes, a better understanding of the plant cell wall composition of infiltrated tobacco leaves is a major interest for the plant biotechnology industry. In this study, we have investigated the alteration of the biochemical composition of the cell walls of N. benthamiana leaves subjected to abiotic and biotic stresses induced by the Agrobacterium‐mediated transient transformation and the resulting high expression levels of influenza VLPs. Results show that abiotic stress due to vacuum infiltration without Agrobacterium did not induce any detectable modification of the leaf cell wall when compared to non infiltrated leaves. In contrast, various chemical changes of the leaf cell wall were observed post‐Agrobacterium infiltration. Indeed, Agrobacterium infection induced deposition of callose and lignin, modified the pectin methylesterification and increased both arabinosylation of RG‐I side chains and the expression of arabinogalactan proteins. Moreover, these modifications were slightly greater in plants expressing haemagglutinin‐based VLP than in plants infiltrated with the Agrobacterium strain containing only the p19 suppressor of silencing

Synthesis of a mitochondria-targeted spin trap using a novel Parham-type cyclization

A new cyclic nitrone spin trap, [4-(3′,3′-dibutyl-2′-oxy-3′H-isoindol-5′-yloxy)butyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide (MitoSpin), bearing a lipophilic cation has been prepared by a route that involves a novel Parham-type lithiation–cyclization of an isocyanate to give the isoindolinone core. MitoSpin accumulates in a membrane potential dependent way in energized mitochondria and its oxidation could potentially be used in the study of oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species generated in mitochondria

Reconnecting Downtown to the Riverfront. Springfield, MA. Senior Urban Design Studio,

The work of this urban design studio illustrates visions for the revitalization of Springfield’s downtown riverfront through landscape architecture facing the challenges of a dissecting I-91 highway corridor. Re-Connecting people to the riverfront capi­talizes on the great Connecticut River and will revitalize the city to attract and engage residents and visitors alike. The proposals foster creating spaces in Riverfront Park for multiple activities such as recreation, places for arts and culture, education and enhancement of the River’s ecology. They further promote pedestrian/bicycle arteries to and along the riverfront that are embedded in a livable, mixed-use, diverse neighborhood. The work explores a community service learning strategy within the framework of an urban design studio with the goal of revitalizing the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, through sustainable design, planning, and engagement with the community. This studio produced six tangible visions and are based on three scenarios; 1) Scenario 1keeps the highway I-91 on an elevated level above ground; 2) Scenario 2 lowers I-91 down to an on-ground level; 3) Scenario 3 lowers I-91 underground as a completely or partially covered corridor. All six design visions share the following recommendations and principles to create a livable and sustainable city that engages the riverfront as a place for people and as a landscape that will be crucial for a great future of Springfield’s downtown: Creating spaces in Riverfront Park that are more centered and generous for multiple activities; add floodplains to improve the ecology of the River and educate the public. Creating pedestrian/bicycle arteries from Main Street to the riverfront. Elimination of on- and off- ramps within the core of downtown to prioritize pedestrian movement to the Connecticut River and reduce noise. Eliminate parking structures underneath the highway for visibility of the River. Redesigning East and West Columbus Avenue as pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly corridors through a road diet and speed reduction. Foster mixed-use development along East Columbus Avenue at the edge of the South End Neighborhood. Connect the Connecticut River Walk and Bikeway to Forest Park in the south