A utilização da música nas atividades educativas em grupo na Saúde da Família

OBJECTIVE: describe how music is used in the development of group educational activity in Family Health. METHODS: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, developed with 10 group coordinators, distributed in five basic care units in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from March to July, 2009, with non participant observation in the group itself, and semi-structured interviews with the coordinators. Information was organized and categorized according to thematic analysis. To interpret the data, the Snyderian concepts in addition to theoretical references about music, communication and health education were used. RESULTS: three thematic nuclei were found: the affective dimension of music; recreative dimension of music and the reflexive dimension of music. CONCLUSION: an attempt by the coordinators was observed, to overcome the pathological barriers with the use of music, considering the group as a whole. As advancement for the production of knowledge, this study shows the need for qualification of these coordinators, by means of workshops and constant follow-up of their musical practices.OBJETIVO: describir como la música es utilizada en el desarrollo de actividad educativa en grupo en la Salud de la Familia. MÉTODOS: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, efectuado con 10 coordinadores de grupos, distribuidos en cinco unidades básicas de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Los datos fueron recolectados de marzo a julio de 2009, con observación no participante en el propio grupo y entrevista semiestructurada con los coordinadores. Las informaciones fueron organizadas y categorizadas según el análisis temático. Para interpretación de los datos se utilizó, además de los marcos teóricos sobre música, comunicación y educación en salud, las concepciones de Snyders. RESULTADOS: fueron encontrados tres núcleos temáticos: la dimensión afectiva de la música; la dimensión recreativa de la música; y la dimensión reflexiva de la música. CONCLUSIÓN: se observó la intención de los coordinadores de transponer las barreras de lo patológico a partir del uso de la música, considerando al grupo en su totalidad. Este estudio considera un avance, para la producción del conocimiento, la necesidad de capacitar esos coordinadores por medio de talleres y acompañamiento constante de sus prácticas musicales.MÉTODOS: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com 10 coordenadores de grupos, distribuídos em cinco unidades básicas de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados de março a julho de 2009, com observação não participante no próprio grupo e entrevista semiestruturada com os coordenadores. As informações foram organizadas e categorizadas, segundo a análise temática. Para interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se, além dos referenciais teóricos sobre música, comunicação e educação em saúde, as concepções snyderianas. RESULTADOS: foram encontrados três núcleos temáticos: a dimensão afetiva da música, a dimensão recreativa da música e a dimensão reflexiva da música. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se uma tentativa de os coordenadores transporem as barreiras do patológico a partir do uso da música, considerando o grupo em sua integralidade. Este estudo indicou, como avanço para a produção do conhecimento, a necessidade de capacitação desses coordenadores por meio de oficinas e acompanhamento constante de suas práticas musicais

Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi R. Hamet & H. Perrier, a non-conventional food plant in Brazil: HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS profile and leaf histochemical location of flavonoids

Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi (Crassulaceae) is a non-commercial food species in Brazil, whose leaves are used in several aqueous preparations. Their morphology and potential nutraceuticals (e.g., antioxidant phenolics) have been poorly studied. Anatomical features are useful for the correct identification of plants, avoiding their misuse. We describe the anatomy and tissue flavonoid location of K. fedtschenkoi leaves, as well as the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of their aqueous extracts. The succulent leaves have a unistratified epidermis with anisocytic or helicocytic stomata, collateral vascular bundles, and phenolic idioblasts throughout the leaf blade. NP-reagent tests suggested the presence of kaempferol derivatives (yellow fluorescence) in the regular epidermis cells, subsidiary cells, and leaf mesophyll. An orange color, assigned to quercetin derivatives, was detected in stomata guard-cells and below the epidermis. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS evidenced the presence offlavonoids, mostly kaempferol glycosides (especially sagittatin A), some of them firstly described as constituents of K. fedtschenkoi. The extracts also showed high antioxidant activity. We report, for the first time, the complete anatomical description of K. fedtschenkoi leaves, the tissue location of flavonoids, and the flavonoid composition of the extracts. The high flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of K. fedtschenkoi leaves can be an advantage for their consumption as a food, in addition to being a possible source of nutraceuticals

Impact of a dietary supplement on the nutritional status of preschool children enrolled in day care centers

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da suplementação da dieta com multimistura sobre o estado nutricional de crianças em fase pré-escolar em risco nutricional. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo tipo duplo cego com duração de dois meses e acompanhamento longitudinal de 135 crianças na faixa etária de um a seis anos. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos: intervenção 1 (GI1 n=48), intervenção 2 (GI2 n=45) e controle (GC n=42), recebendo 5g e 10g de multimistura e placebo, respectivamente. O estado nutricional das crianças em estudo foi avaliado antes e após a suplementação. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa nos indicadores peso/idade, altura/idade e peso/altura entre os grupos estudados na linha base (p=0,251 p=0,248 e p=0,399, respectivamente). Após a intervenção a diferença na prevalência de déficit antropométrico entre os grupos também não foi significante (p=0,100 p=0,435 ep=0,210, respectivamente). A comparação das médias antes e depois da intervenção, igualmente, não demonstrou diferenças (p>0,05 utilizando os métodos estatísticos de Kruskall - Wallis e Análise de Variância). Conclusão: Frente ao impacto das pequenas quantidades consumidas de suplemento, no caso a mistura de farelo de cereais, não se justifica esperar alterações significativas sobre a recuperação de crianças em risco nutricional, já que esses suplementos contêm somente pequenas quantidades de calorias e de macromicronutrientes.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a diet supplemented with a bran-based cereal mixture on the nutritional status of preschool children presenting nutritional risk. Methods: This was a two-month double-blinded study with a longitudinal follow up using 135 children with ages ranging from one to six years old and divided into three groups: intervention 1 (GI1=48), intervention 2 (GI2 n=45) and control (CG n=42), receiving 5g and 10g of the multi-mixture and placebo, respectively. The nutritional situation of the children in the study was evaluated before and after supplementation. Results: No significant differences were observed in the weight/age, height/age and weight/height indicators at the base line (p=0.251 p=0.248 and p=0.399 respectively) between the groups studied. After intervention, the difference between the groups in the prevalence of anthropometrical deficit was also not significant (p=0.100 p=0.435 and p=0.210 respectively) and a comparison of the averages before and after intervention revealed no differences (p>0.05 using the Kruskall - Wallis and Analysis of Variance statistical methods). Conclusion: In the specific case of the bran-based mixture, the impact of the small amounts of supplement ingested did not warrant expecting alterations in the recovery of children presenting nutritional risk, since these supplements contain only small amounts of calories and macro and micronutrients

Flowers from Kalanchoe pinnata are a Rich Source of T Cell-Suppressive Flavonoids:

The chemical composition and immunosuppressive potential of the flowers from Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) were investigated. We found that the aqueous flower extract was more active than the leaf extract in inhibiting murine T cell mitogenesis in vitro. Flavonoids isolated from the flower extract were identified and quantitated based on NMR and HPLC-DAD-MS analysis, respectively. Along with quercetin, four quercetin glycosyl conjugates were obtained, including quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, which are described for the first time in K. pinnata. All flavonoids inhibited murine T cell mitogenesis and IL-2 and IL-4 production without cell toxicity. This is the first report on the pharmacological activity of flowers of a Kalanchoe species, which are not used for curative purposes. Our findings show that K. pinnata flowers are a rich source of T-suppressive flavonoids that may be therapeutically useful against inflammatory diseases

Suppressive effects of Vochysia divergens aqueous leaf extract and its 5-methoxyflavone on murine macrophages and lymphocytes.

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae), popularly known as "Cambara", is a tree that is resistant to the seasonal floods in the Pantanal, and usually found in monodominant stands called "Cambarazal". The inhabitants of the Pantanal exploit this tree for medicinal uses. Infusions and decoctions of its leaves are taken as teas, particularly for the treatment of asthma, flu and diarrhea, according to the local tradition transmitted empirically through the generations. Aim of the study To evaluate the beneficial health effects related to the ethnomedicinal uses of V. divergens (Vd) by using biomonitored fractionation of an aqueous leaf extract. Materials and methods The aqueous leaf extract was obtained by decoction, and then the extract was fractionated by a combination of separation techniques including precipitation, organic partition and chromatography. Chromatographic analyses of the active samples were carried out using HPLC-DAD-MS. Flavonoid 1 was isolated from the n-BuOH fraction through classic chromatographic techniques. The inhibitory effects and cytotoxicity of the Vd extract, fractions and flavonoid 1 on NO and TNF-α production were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures. Additionally, suppression on the proliferation of BALB/c lymphocytes was estimated by [3H] thymidine incorporation. The antioxidant activity of the samples was verified by SNP and DPPH assays and the suppression of the iNOS protein expression was evaluated through Western blotting. Results The HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the Vd extract led to the identification of 5-methoxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (4) and the tannin galloyl-HHDP-glucopyranoside (3), besides the main flavonoid 3′,5-dimethoxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), which was biologically evaluated in comparison with luteolin aglycone. The Vd extract, n-BuOH fraction and flavonoid 1 inhibited NO and TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated macrophages. The reduction of NO levels was mediated mainly by suppression of the iNOS expression. In addition, both the Vd extract (IC50 13.6 µg/mL) and flavonoid 1 (IC50 19.8 µg/mL; 41.6 µM) strongly inhibited stimulated lymphocyte proliferation when compared to the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (IC50 43.8 µg/mL; 36.4 µM). The Vd extract also showed a scavenging activity toward DPPH and NO free radicals. This is the first report describing the immunomodulatory potential of V. divergens and its major flavonoid (1). Conclusion Our findings showed that the aqueous leaf extract of V. divergens and its flavonoid reduced the production of excessive pro-inflammatory markers, collaborating with the Pantanal folk medicinal tradition that recommends the tea of cambara leaves for both asthma and flu. In addition, this study contributes to the knowledge of the pharmacological properties of 5-methoxy flavones, a poorly investigated subclass of flavonoids

Metodologias de ensino na educação a distância em ciências da saúde: formação lato sensu

The aim was to identify the role of teaching methodologies used in lato sensu courses in Distance Education in Health Sciences. Descriptive qualitative research. Research subjects: professors/coordinators of lato sensu courses in the areas of health in Distance Education. A form on teaching tools and methodologies and a semi-structured interview were used. For data analysis, the content analysis method was used under the concepts of Vygotsky's socio-interactionist theory. The data raised the tools used in the teaching platforms. The analysis of the interviews resulted in four categories. These data showed the difficulties, experiences and expectations of teachers/coordinators. Distance Education provides expansion and deepening of knowledge. There is concern about the quality of teaching, directed to the need to adapt the methodologies applied to the use of different tools. Distance Education provides expansion of access to professional qualification, consequently improving health care for the population.Objetivou-se identificar o papel das metodologias de ensino utilizadas em cursos lato sensu em Educação a Distância nas Ciências da Saúde. Pesquisa qualitativa descritiva. Sujeitos da pesquisa: professores/coordenadores de cursos lato sensu nas áreas da saúde em Educação a Distância. Foram utilizados formulário sobre ferramentas e metodologias de ensino e entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo sob os conceitos da teoria sócio-interacionista de Vygotsky. Os dados levantaram as ferramentas utilizadas nas plataformas de ensino. A análise das entrevistas resultou em quatro categorias. Esses dados mostraram as dificuldades, experiências e expectativas dos professores/coordenadores. A Educação a Distância proporciona expansão e aprofundamento de conhecimento. Existe preocupação quanto a qualidade do ensino, direcionada a necessidade de adequação das metodologias aplicadas ao uso das diferentes ferramentas. A Educação a Distância proporciona ampliação ao acesso à qualificação profissional, consequentemente melhorando a assistência de saúde à população

Metodologias de ensino na educação a distância em ciências da saúde: formação lato sensu

The aim was to identify the role of teaching methodologies used in lato sensu courses in Distance Education in Health Sciences. Descriptive qualitative research. Research subjects: professors/coordinators of lato sensu courses in the areas of health in Distance Education. A form on teaching tools and methodologies and a semi-structured interview were used. For data analysis, the content analysis method was used under the concepts of Vygotsky's socio-interactionist theory. The data raised the tools used in the teaching platforms. The analysis of the interviews resulted in four categories. These data showed the difficulties, experiences and expectations of teachers/coordinators. Distance Education provides expansion and deepening of knowledge. There is concern about the quality of teaching, directed to the need to adapt the methodologies applied to the use of different tools. Distance Education provides expansion of access to professional qualification, consequently improving health care for the population.Objetivou-se identificar o papel das metodologias de ensino utilizadas em cursos lato sensu em Educação a Distância nas Ciências da Saúde. Pesquisa qualitativa descritiva. Sujeitos da pesquisa: professores/coordenadores de cursos lato sensu nas áreas da saúde em Educação a Distância. Foram utilizados formulário sobre ferramentas e metodologias de ensino e entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo sob os conceitos da teoria sócio-interacionista de Vygotsky. Os dados levantaram as ferramentas utilizadas nas plataformas de ensino. A análise das entrevistas resultou em quatro categorias. Esses dados mostraram as dificuldades, experiências e expectativas dos professores/coordenadores. A Educação a Distância proporciona expansão e aprofundamento de conhecimento. Existe preocupação quanto a qualidade do ensino, direcionada a necessidade de adequação das metodologias aplicadas ao uso das diferentes ferramentas. A Educação a Distância proporciona ampliação ao acesso à qualificação profissional, consequentemente melhorando a assistência de saúde à população

Oficina de culinária: saberes e sabores dos alimentos

A metodologia de "Oficinas" vem sendo sistematizada e aplicada em áreas de saúde, educação e políticas sociais. O objetivo foi promover mudanças nos hábitos alimentares dos pacientes, tendo como conseqüência uma melhora na qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que as oficinas tiveram um impacto positivo na saúde e capacitaram os participantes a promoverem hábitos alimentares saudáveis no seu contexto familiar após depoimentos dos participantes

Simultaneous multi-mycotoxin determination in maize and poultry feeds from Brazil by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A multi-mycotoxin method based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem Mass Spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS /MS) was applied to investigate the occurrence of toxic fungal metabolites in samples collected from a poultry feed factory and integrated poultry farms, in Brazil. A total of 119 samples were analyzed including 38 maize grain samples collected from the factory reception, 36 maize grain samples and 9 maize by- product samples collected during the factory processing, and 36 poultry feed samples collected from poultry farms. Twenty mycotoxins were detected and quantified in the investigated samples: aflatoxins B 1 , B2, G 1 , G2, fumonisins B 1 , B2 and B3, hydrolyzed fumonisin B 1 , zearalenone, agroclavine, chanoclavine, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, enniatin A, A I , B, B,, beauvericin, kojic acid and moniliformin. All samples were contaminated with fumonisins B 1 , B2 and B3. Contamination levels were low (near the LOD) most of toxins, except for FB I and FB 2 that reach 6,000 mg.mU l and 2,450 mg.mL"' in maize and 1,120 mg.mL"' and 54 mg.mL" 3 in feed, respectively. This is the first study dealing with agroclavine, chanoclavine, enniatin A, A 1 , B, B 1 , beauvericin and kojic acid contamination of maize and poultry feeds from Brazil.MYCOTOX - INCO-DEV project (ICA4-CT-2002-10043