Status of the International Space Station Regenerative ECLSS Water Recovery and Oxygen Generation Systems

NASA is developing three racks containing regenerative water recovery and oxygen generation systems (WRS and OGS) for deployment on the International Space Station (ISS). The major assemblies included in these racks are the Water Processor Assembly (WPA), Urine Processor Assembly (UPA), Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA), and the Power Supply Module (PSM) supporting the OGA. The WPA and OGA are provided by Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International (HSSSI), Inc., while the UPA and PSM are developed in- house by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The assemblies have completed the manufacturing phase and are in various stages of testing and integration into the flight racks. This paper summarizes the status as of April 2005 and describes some of the technical challenges encountered and lessons learned over the past year

Assessment of Service Life for Regenerative ECLSS Resin Beds

The International Space Station (ISS) Water Processor Assembly (WPA) and Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA) manage and process water at various levels of cleanliness for multiple purposes. The effluent of theWPA and the influent of the OGA require water at very high levels of purity. The bulk of the water purification that occurs in both systems is performed by consumable activated carbon and ion exchange resin beds. Replacement beds must be available on orbit in order to continue the ISS critical processes of water purification and oxygen generation. Various hurdles exist in order to ensure viable spare resin beds. These include the characteristics of resin beds such as: storage environment, shelf life requirements, microbial growth, and variations in the levels and species of contaminants the beds are required to remove. Careful consideration has been given to match water models, bed capacities and spares traffic models to ensure that spares are always viable. The results of these studies and considerations, in particular, how shelf life requirements affect resin bed life management, are documented in this paper

Preservation and storage of high-moisture grain with propionic acid (Revised 1975)

1 online resource (PDF, 2 pages)This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Lack of Clinical Benefit of Long-Term Valacyclovir Therapy.

Despite the proven efficacy of acyclovir therapy, herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Among patients with HSE treated with acyclovir (ACV), the mortality rate is approximately 14-19%. Among survivors, 45-60% have neuropsychological sequelae at 1 year. Thus, improving therapeutic approaches to HSE remains a high priority

3D microfluidic ex vivo culture of organotypic tumor spheroids to model immune checkpoint blockade

Microfluidic culture has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Indeed, several micro- devices are being developed specifically for clinical use to test novel cancer therapeutics. To be effective, these platforms need to replicate the continuous interactions that exist between tumor cells and non- tumor cell elements of the tumor microenvironment through direct cell – cell or cell – matrix contact or by the secretion of signaling factors such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Given the challenges of personalized or precision cancer therapy, especially with the advent of novel immunotherapies, a critical need exists for more sophisticated ex vivo diagnostic systems that recapitulate patient-specific tumor biol- ogy with the potential to predict response to immune-based therapies in real-time. Here, we present de- tails of a method to screen for the response of patient tumors to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, first reported in Jenkins et al. Cancer Discovery, 2018, 8,196 – 215, with updated evaluation of murine- and patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids (MDOTS/PDOTS), including evaluation of the requirement for 3D microfluidic culture in MDOTS, demonstration of immune-checkpoint sensitivity of PDOTS, and ex- panded evaluation of tumor – immune interactions using RNA-sequencing to infer changes in the tumor – immune microenvironment. We also examine some potential improvements to current systems and dis- cuss the challenges in translating such diagnostic assays to the clinic.Robert A. and Renée E. Belfer FoundationErmenegildo Zegna Founder (scholarship)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (NCI-R01 CA190394-01)MIT-POLITO grant BIOMODE – Compagnia di San PaoloNational Cancer Institute (U.S.) (NCI-U01 CA214381-01)Gloria T. Maheu and Heerwagen Family Funds for Lung Cancer ResearchAmerican Cancer Society. Lung Cancer Dream Team Translational Research Grant (SU2C-AACR-DT17-15