Propuesta de una guía de recursos gráficos para diseñadores a partir del análisis bidimensional de los rasgos arquitectónicos en las fachadas de las edificaciones: Palacio Nacional, Teatro Nacional, Portal la Dalia y Portal de Occidente del Centro Histórico de San Salvador

El trabajo de investigación “Propuesta de una guía de recursos gráficos para diseñadores, a partir del análisis bidimensional de los rasgos arquitectónicos en las fachadas de las edificaciones: Palacio Nacional, Teatro Nacional, portal La Dalia y portal de Occidente del Centro Histórico de San Salvador” tiene como finalidad establecer una de las relaciones entre las construcciones arquitectónicas y el diseño en general, partiendo del análisis de las fachadas contrastados con los elementos bidimensionales de diseño, para crear una metodología replicable a otras edificaciones. Para la delimitación de las edificaciones se tomaron en cuenta la importancia histórica en El Salvador, la fecha de finalización de su construcción entre los años 1900-1920 y que estos se encontrasen dentro del Inventario de Bienes Culturales Inmuebles [IBCI], con lo cual entran automáticamente en categoría de Bienes Patrimoniales. Las fachadas se tradujeron a dibujo evocativo, el cual permite la traducción a dos dimensiones, para luego ser analizadas por sistemas de proporcionalidad -como líneas reguladoras y proporción áurea-; y por tablas morfológicas en las cuales se extrajeron los elementos bidimensionales de diseño para crear una guía que pudiera ser utilizada por una diversidad de diseñadores en múltiples ramas.Monografía presentada para optar al título de Licenciado en Diseño Gráfic

The Harvey-Bradshaw Index Adapted to a Mobile Application Compared with In-Clinic Assessment: The MediCrohn Study

Objectives: Mobile apps are useful tools in e-health and self-management strategies in disease monitoring. We evaluated the Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) mobile app self-administered by the patient to see if its results agreed with HBI in-clinic assessed by a physician. Methods: Patients were enrolled in a 4-month prospective study with clinical assessments at months 1 and 4. Patients completed mobile app HBI and within 48 h, HBI was performed by a physician (gold standard). HBI scores characterized Crohn's disease (CD) as remission <5 or active ≥5. We determined agreement per item and total HBI score and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Bland-Altman plot was performed. HBI changes in disease activity from month 1 to month 4 were determined. Results: A total of 219 patients were enrolled. All scheduled assessments (385 pairs of the HBI questionnaire) showed a high percentage of agreement for remission/activity (92.4%, κ = 0.796), positive predictive value (PPV) for remission of 98.2%, and negative predictive value of 76.7%. High agreement was also found at month 1 (93.15%, κ = 0.82) and month 4 (91.5%, κ = 0.75). Bland-Altman plot was more uniform when the HBI mean values were <5 (remission). ICC values were 0.82, 0.897, and 0.879 in all scheduled assessments, 1 and 4 months, respectively. Conclusions: We found a high percentage of agreement between patients' self-administered mobile app HBI and in-clinic physician assessment to detect CD activity with a remarkably high PPV for remission. The mobile app HBI might allow a strict control of inflammation by remote monitoring and flexible follow-up of CD patients. Reduction of sanitary costs could be possible

Nanocolumnar coatings on implants exhibiting antibacterial properties

Trabajo presentado en la 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials Applied to Life Sciences 2020 (NALS 2020), celebrada en Madrid (España), del 29 al 31 de enero de 2020Addressing the problem of infection from the very first stage, i.e. inhibiting the formation of the bacterial biofilm, is a crucial step to prevent implant rejection. Nanocolumnar coatings exhibiting antibacterial properties have been fabricated by oblique deposition with magnetron sputtering [1]. The formation of nanocolumns (Fig.1) is the result of the effects of atomic shadowing when the atoms reach the surface along an inclined direction [2]. This technique is environmentally friendly: it is carried out at RT and does not involve chemical products (no recycling problems). Such methodology have been tested in a semiindustrial scale reactor, successfully coating in a single step the two sides of fixation plates for bone fractures [3]. Several in vitro experiments have been performed: analysis of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, analysis of osteoblast proliferation and mitochondrial activity, and osteoblasts–bacteria competitive growth scenarios, the latter also named “Race for the Surface” competition. In all these cases, the coatings show an opposite behavior toward osteoblast and bacterial proliferation [1,3]. Moreover, they are effective against Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli) bacteria [4]. Finally, when a synergic route is followed and the coatings are functionalized with Te nanorods, the antibacterial properties are enhanced, since Te adds contact-killing (Fig. 2), i.e. bactericidal effect, whilst the biocompatibility is preserved [4].MINECO and Fundación Domingo Martínez for funding. J.M.G.-M. thanks the Fulbright Commissio

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Estudios de propiedad intelectual

Transcurrida la primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los principales retos que continúa afrontando el derecho es determinar los mecanismos más adecuados para proteger la expresión de las ideas. Mientras algunos opinan que no deberían existir regulaciones que impidan acceder al conocimiento, otros afirman que se trata de un derecho que les asiste a los creadores y a quienes participan en el proceso creativo, razón por la cual las normas deben ser cada vez más protectoras e, incluso, sancionatorias. Son múltiples los tópicos que suscita la mencionada controversia, aplicados a diferentes aspectos de la cotidianeidad, enmarcados principalmente en temas relacionados con la investigación y el desarrollo, el comercio, la cultura y la industria del entretenimiento. Transcurrida la primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los principales retos que continúa afrontando el derecho es determinar los mecanismos más adecuados para proteger la expresión de las ideas

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Competitive Risaralda, generating research alliance for development

El presente libro lleva como título “Risaralda competitiva, generando alianzas en investigación para el desarrollo”, resultado del V encuentro de investigadores del departamento de Risaralda realizado en el mes de noviembre del año 2020. Evento en el cual se presentaron las últimas investigaciones realizadas en las diferentes instituciones educativas del departamento; quienes hacen parte de la Mesa de Investigaciones de Risaralda; ejercicio de gran interés que arroja resultados de investigaciones en diferentes áreas como son las Ciencias Agrícolas, Ciencias sociales, Ciencias de la salud, Ciencias de la tecnología y la información