Eccentric strength assessment of hamstring muscles with new technologies: a systematic review of current methods and clinical implications

Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes

Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications

[EN] Background: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. Methods: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. Results: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between- limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. Conclusions: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athlete

EFEITO AGUDO DA CORRIDA COM OS PÉS DESCALÇO SOBRE AS COMPONENTES ANTEROPOSTERIOR E MEDIOLATERAL DA FORÇA DE REAÇÃO DO SOLO

This study investigated the short-term effects of barefoot running on selected parameters of the anteroposterior and mediolateral components of the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) in runners used to wearing athletic shoes. Seventy-one recreational runners, inexperienced in barefoot running, ran at a self-selected speed for a distance of 9 meters on a fixed floor equipped with force platforms, under two conditions: shod and barefoot. The braking and acceleration peaks of the anteroposterior component, as well as the minimum and maximum peaks of the mediolateral component were obtained. The braking peak was lower, while the acceleration peak was higher in barefoot running. In contrast, the magnitude of both the minimum and maximum peaks were greater in the barefoot condition. In summary, barefoot running acutely alters selected parameters of the anteroposterior and mediolateral components of the FRS related to the overload and performance of runners used to wearing sports shoes.Este estudio investigó el efecto agudo de correr descalzo en parámetros seleccionados de los componentes anteroposterior y mediolateral de la fuerza de reacción del suelo (FRS) en corredores acostumbrados a usar calzado deportivo. Setenta y un corredores recreativos, sin experiencia en correr descalzo, corrieron a una velocidad autoseleccionada por una distancia de 30 pies en un piso fijo equipado con plataformas de fuerza, bajo dos condiciones: zapatos y descalzo. Se obtuvieron los picos de frenado y aceleración de la componente anteroposterior, así como los picos mínimos y máximos de la componente mediolateral. El pico de frenado fue menor, mientras que el pico de aceleración fue mayor al correr descalzo. Por el contrario, la magnitud de los picos tanto mínimo como máximo fue mayor en la condición de descalzo. En resumen, correr descalzo altera de forma aguda parámetros seleccionados de los componentes anteroposterior y mediolateral del FRS relacionados con la sobrecarga y el rendimiento de los corredores acostumbrados a llevar calzado deportivo.Este estudo investigou o efeito agudo da corrida descalço sobre parâmetros selecionados das componentes anteroposterior e mediolateral da Força de Reação do Solo (FRS) em corredores habituados ao uso do calçado esportivo. Setenta e um corredores recreacionais, inexperientes em corrida descalço, correram em velocidade auto-selecionada por uma distância de 9 metros em piso fixo equipado com plataformas de força, sob duas condições: calçados e descalços. Os picos de frenagem e aceleração da componente anteroposterior, bem como os picos mínimo e máximo da componente mediolateral foram obtidos. O pico de frenagem foi menor, enquanto o pico de aceleração foi maior na corrida descalço. Em contrapartida, a magnitude de ambos os picos mínimo e máximo foram maiores na condição descalço. Em síntese, a corrida descalço altera agudamente parâmetros selecionados das componentes anteroposterior e mediolateral da FRS relacionados à sobrecarga e ao desempenho de corredores habituados ao uso do calçado esportivo

The role of veracity on the load monitoring of professional soccer players: a systematic review in the face of the big data era

Big Data has real value when the veracity of the collected data has been previously identified. However, data veracity for load monitoring in professional soccer players has not been analyzed yet. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence from the scientific literature related to data veracity for load monitoring in professional soccer. Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were conducted for reports onthe data veracity of diverse load monitoring tools and the associated parameters used in professional soccer. Ninety-four studies were finally included in the review, with 39 different tools used and 578 associated parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2066 footballers (95% male: 24 ± 3 years and 5% female: 24 ± 1 years). Seventy-three percent of these studies did not report veracity metrics for anyof the parameters from these tools. Thus, data veracity was found for 54% of tools and 23% of parameters. The current information will assist in the selection of the most appropriate tools and parameters to be used for load monitoring with traditional and Big Data approaches while identifying those still requiring the analysis of their veracity metrics or their improvement to acceptable veracity levels

COMPARAÇÃO BIOMECÂNICA DA CORRIDA ENTRE INDIVÍDUOS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE FORÇA DE MEMBROS INFERIORES

Running is a practice widely used by those who aim to maintain or improve their physical fitness. Strength training has been recommended to increase performance and reduce injury risk in runners, however, the relationship between muscle strength and running mechanics still requires a better understanding. The aim of the present study was to compare the running biomechanics among bodybuilders, with different levels of absolute strength in the back squat. Initially, 24 volunteers participated in the study. Based on the 10RM absolute strength in the back squat, the volunteers were divided into tertiles: upper strength group (GFS), lower strength group (GFI) and medium strength group. For comparison of running mechanics, GFS and GFI were gained. Dynamic and kinematic parameters were collected during treadmill running. There were no differences between groups for any of the investigated variables. Keywords: Running mechanics; Muscle strength; Locomotion.Correr es una práctica muy utilizada por quienes tienen como objetivo mantener o mejorar su forma física. El entrenamiento de fuerza se ha recomendado como una forma de aumentar el rendimiento y reducir el riesgo de lesiones en los corredores, sin embargo, la relación entre la fuerza muscular y la mecánica de carrera aún requiere una mejor comprensión. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la biomecánica de la carrera entre culturistas, con diferentes niveles de fuerza absoluta en la sentadilla. Inicialmente, participaron en el estudio 24 voluntarios. Con base en la fuerza absoluta de 10RM en la sentadilla, los voluntarios se dividieron en terciles: grupo de fuerza superior (GFS), grupo de fuerza inferior (GFI) y grupo de fuerza media. Para comparar la mecánica de la carrera, se obtuvieron GFS y GFI. Los parámetros dinámicos y cinemáticos se recopilaron durante la carrera en cinta. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos para ninguna de las variables investigadas. Palabras clave: mecánica de carrera; Fuerza muscular; Locomoción.A corrida é uma prática largamente utilizada por aqueles que almejam manter ou aprimorar a aptidão física. O treinamento de força tem sido recomendado como forma de aumentar o desempenho e reduzir o risco de lesão em praticantes de corrida, no entanto, a relação entre força muscular e mecânica da corrida ainda necessita de melhor compreensão. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a biomecânica da corrida entre indivíduos praticantes de musculação, com diferentes níveis de força absoluta no agachamento. Inicialmente participaram do estudo 24 voluntários. Baseado na força absoluta em 10RM no agachamento, os voluntários foram divididos em tercis: grupo de força superior (GFS), grupo de força inferior (GFI) e grupo de força mediana. Para comparação da mecânica da corrida foram analisados o GFS e GFI. Foram coletados parâmetros dinâmicos e cinemáticos durante corrida em esteira. Não se observou diferenças entre os grupos para nenhuma das variáveis investigadas. Palavras-chave: Mecânica da corrida; Força muscular; Locomoção

Mycobacterium haemophilum: Emerging or Underdiagnosed in Brazil?

Fleury Ctr Diagnost Med, Microbiol Sect, BR-04344070 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilOswaldo Cruz Hosp, Sao Paulo, BrazilAlbert Einstein Hosp, Sao Paulo, BrazilSirio Libanes Hosp, Sao Paulo, BrazilServidores Estado Hosp, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilAlianca Hosp, Salvador, BA, BrazilLamina Lab, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilInst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Anti-viral effects of medicinal plants in the management of dengue: a systematic review

Background: Dengue is considered as an important arboviral disease. Safe, low-cost, and effective drugs that possess inhibitory activity against dengue virus (DENV) are mostly needed to try to combat the dengue infection worldwide. Medicinal plants have been considered as an important alternative to manage several diseases, such as dengue. As authors have demonstrated the antiviral effect of medicinal plants against DENV, the aim of this study was to review systematically the published research concerning the use of medicinal plants in the management of dengue using the PubMed database.Materials and Methods: Search and selection of publications were made using the PubMed database following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA statement).Results: Six publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final selection after thorough analysis.Conclusion: It is suggested that medicinal plants’ products could be used as potential anti-DENV agents.Keywords: Dengue, arbovirus, medicinal plants, PubMe

O impacto do ultrassom point-of-care transtorácico no tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Objective: To value the impact of transthoracic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on pause time between chest compressions during CPR. Methods: Systematic literature review in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde databases. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the difference in pause time between chest compressions in CPR with and without transthoracic POCUS. The secondary outcome was the return of spontaneous circulation of the manual verification and transthoracic POCUS groups. We used software R version 4.1.3 to perform all statistical analyses. Results: The search in the databases resulted in 6177 publications. However, only five met all inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were prospective cohorts. The mean age ranged from 56.5 to 66 years, and males were predominant in all studies. All showed longer pauses in the POCUS group. There was a statistical association between the use of POCUS and longer pauses between chest compressions with an MD of 3.88 (95% CI 2.76; 5.01; p-value < 0.0001). The additional exclusion of any of the five studies did not change the result, i.e., DM between the two groups continued to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The combined analysis of the data suggests that using the POCUS increases the pause time between chest compressions by an average of 3.88 seconds. However, further studies evaluating the impact on return to spontaneous circulation and mortality are necessary.Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do ultrassom point-of-care (POCUS) transtorácico no tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. O desfecho primário da metanálise foi a diferença no tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas. O desfecho secundário foi o retorno da circulação espontânea dos grupos de verificação manual e POCUS transtorácicos. O software R versão 4.1.3 foi utilizado para realizar todas as análises estatísticas. A diferença no tempo de pausa foi expressa por meio da diferença de média (MD) com intervalo de confiança de 95% e o retorno à circulação espontânea por meio do risco relativo. O p-valor foi considerado estatisticamente significativo quando < 0,05. Resultados: A pesquisa nas bases de dados resultou em 6177 publicações, no entanto, apenas cinco foram incluídas. Houve uma associação estatística entre o uso de POCUS e pausas mais longas entre compressões torácicas com uma MD de 3,88 (95% CI 2,76; 5,01; p-valor < 0,0001). A exclusão adicional de qualquer um dos cinco estudos não alterou o resultado, ou seja, o DM entre os dois grupos continuou a ser estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: A análise combinada dos dados sugere que a utilização do POCUS aumenta o tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas numa média de 3,88 segundos. Contudo, são necessários estudos randomizados controlados que avaliem o impacto no retorno à circulação espontânea

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (AGAINST WOMEN) IN BRAZIL IN PANDEMIC TIMES (COVID-19)

A pandemia da Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), causada pelo corona vírus (SARS-CoV-2) já registra casos em quase todo o mundo. A Covid-19 é uma doença respiratória de alto potencial de contágio. Diante desse quadro de ameaça à saúde global, governos têm adotado diversas medidas, dentre elas o isolamento social, apontado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como uma das estratégias mais eficazes na contenção da propagação viral. O isolamento consiste na manutenção das pessoas em suas residências. Porém, enquanto para alguns o isolamento representa proteção diante da Covid-19, para outras populações tal situação se configura como ameaça, como nos casos de violência doméstica. Tal tipo de violência se configura como um fenômeno complexo que pode atingir diferentes populações (crianças, mulheres, idosos). Em razão disso, no presente trabalho discutiremos sobre a violência que atinge as mulheres. Autoridades especializadas têm alertado para o aumento no número de casos de violência doméstica durante a pandemia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é discutir estratégias de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher em situações de isolamento social por conta da pandemia. Discute-se desde a atuação conjunta de órgãos que visem assegurar a integridade física e psicológica, até possíveis contribuições da Análise do Comportamento para tais estratégias, reforçando o compromisso político do (a) analista do comportamento diante de questões sociais relevantes. Esperamos que as discussões levantadas no presente trabalho possam auxiliar no planejamento de medidas protetivas que, se eficazes, permaneçam após a pandemia.Palavras-chave: Análise do Comportamento; Violência Doméstica; Pandemia; Covid-19.The pandemic of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), caused by the corona virus - (SARS-CoV-2) is already registering cases almost all over the world. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease with a high potential for contagion. Faced with this situation of threat to global health, governments have adopted several measures, including social isolation, pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most effective strategies to contain viral spread. Isolation consists of keeping people in their homes. However, while for some isolation represents protection from COVID-19, for other populations this situation is a threat, as in cases of domestic violence. This type of violence is configured as a complex phenomenon that can affect different populations (children, women, the elderly). As a result of this, we will discuss about the violence that affects women. Specialized authorities have warned of an increase in the number of cases of domestic violence during the pandemic. The objective of the present work is to discuss strategies to face violence against women in situations of social isolation due to the pandemic. It is discussed since joint action of institutions that aim to ensure physical and psychological integrity, until possible contributions of Behavior Analysis to such strategies, reinforcing the behavior analyst's political commitment to relevant social issues. We hope that the discussions raised in the present work can assist in planning protective measures that, if effective, remain after the pandemic.Keywords: Behavior Analysis; Domestic violence; Pandemic; COVID-19.

Push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin using glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cements

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin after cementation with glass ionomer (GICs) and resinmodified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty human maxillary canines were transversally sectioned at 15 mm from the apex. Canals were prepared with a step back technique until the application of a #55 K-file and filled. Post spaces were prepared and specimens were divided into five groups according to the cement used for post cementation: Luting & Lining Cement; Fuji II LC Improved; RelyX Luting; Ketac Cem; and Ionoseal. After cementation of the glass fiber posts, all roots were stored at 100% humidity until testing. For push-out test, 1-mm thick slices were produced. The push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute and the values (MPa) were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene's tests and by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Fiber posts cemented using Luting & Lining Cement, Fuji II LC Improved, and Ketac Cem presented the highest bond strength to root dentin, followed by RelyX Luting. Ionoseal presented the lowest bond strength values (P>0.05). The post level did not influence the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin (P=0.148). The major cause of failure was cohesive at the cement for all GICs and RMGICs. CONCLUSIONS: Except for Ionoseal, all cements provided satisfactory bond strength values