Détection des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs en médecine générale

Contexte : L’anxiété et la dépression sont des problèmes de santé publique. Ces troubles sont fréquents et il est indispensable de les diagnostiquer. Le diagnostic se fait principalement par les médecins généralistes et se base sur leur intuition.Objectif : L’objectif principal était d’établir la sensibilité et la spécificité des médecins généralistes dans la détection de l’anxiété et de la dépression, quelque soit le motif de consultation.Méthodes : Les médecins participants étaient des maitres de stage.Étaient inclus tous les patients majeurs consultant au cabinet des médecins participants à l’étude, pendant 2 jours. Étaient exclus les patients mineurs, non francophones, incapables mentaux, ainsi que les patients ne sachant pas lire ou écrire.Les résultats du questionnaire HADS ont été comparés à la détection des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs par les médecins. Les médecins ne connaissaient pas les résultats de l’HADS.Résultats : L’étude a porté sur 206 patients de treize médecins généralistes. La prévalence de l’anxiété était de 56% et celle de la dépression de 21%. En ce qui concerne l’anxiété, la sensibilité de détection des médecins était de 58% et la spécificité de 69%. En ce qui concerne la dépression, la sensibilité de détection des médecins était de 46% et la spécificité de 84%.Conclusion : Nos résultats confirment l’importante prévalence des troubles anxieux et dépressifs en soins primaires. Ils montrent également la difficulté qu’ont les médecins généralistes à détecter ces troubles

Mechanical response of a thick poroelastic gel in contactless colloidal-probe rheology

When a rigid object approaches a soft material in a viscous fluid, hydrodynamic stresses arise in the lubricated contact region and deform the soft material. The elastic deformation modifies in turn the flow, hence generating a soft-lubrication coupling. Moreover, soft elastomers and gels are often porous. These materials may be filled with solvent or uncrosslinked polymer chains, and might be permeable to the surrounding fluid, which complexifies further the description. Here, we derive the point-force response of a semi-infinite and permeable poroelastic substrate. Then, we use this fundamental solution in order to address the specific poroelastic lubrication coupling associated with contactless colloidal-probe methods. In particular, we derive the conservative and dissipative components of the force associated with the oscillating vertical motion of a sphere close to the poroelastic substrate. Our results may be relevant for dynamic surface force apparatus and contactless colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy experiments on soft, living and/or fragile materials, such as swollen hydrogels and biological membranes

Antinuclear Antibodies in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Treated or Not with Biologics

International audienceBackground:With the emergence of biotherapies, accurate diagnosis in early arthritis is needed. At this time, there is no biological marker of psoriatic arthritis.Objective:To test whether antinuclear antibodies (ANA) can be used as a diagnostic tool in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), we evaluated the prevalence of ANA in biologic-naïve PsA patients and in healthy blood donors.Methods:232 patients from the Rheumatology department, St Marguerite's Hospital, Marseilles, who fulfilled the CASPAR criteria for PsA, underwent clinical and laboratory investigations. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies (ENA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) were assayed. Ninety-one healthy blood donors were also tested.Results:Detection of ANA by indirect immunofluorescence was significantly more frequent in sera from PsA patients than those from controls at serum dilution of 1:100 (57% compared with 40%, Odds Ratio (OR) 1.98 (1.2-3.4) p<0.02) and 1:160 (52% compared with 24%, OR 3,7 (1.9-7.2) p<0.001). No patients had lupus specific autoantibodies, 15 % had RF (34/232), and 1.7 % had ACPA (4/232).Conclusions:Detection of ANA was more frequent in sera from PsA patients than in those from healthy controls. This suggests that ANA could be a diagnosis orientation tool in PsA. Nevertheless, the specificity of these antibodies still remains to be investigated

Temporal transcriptomic response during arsenic stress in Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans

Background: Arsenic is present in numerous ecosystems and microorganisms have developed various mechanisms to live in such hostile environments. Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans, a bacterium isolated from arsenic contaminated sludge, has acquired remarkable capabilities to cope with arsenic. In particular our previous studies have suggested the existence of a temporal induction of arsenite oxidase, a key enzyme in arsenic metabolism, in the presence of As(III). Results: Microarrays were designed to compare gene transcription profiles under a temporal As(III) exposure. Transcriptome kinetic analysis demonstrated the existence of two phases in arsenic response. The expression of approximatively 14% of the whole genome was significantly affected by an As(III) early stress and 4% by an As(III) late exposure. The early response was characterized by arsenic resistance, oxidative stress, chaperone synthesis and sulfur metabolism. The late response was characterized by arsenic metabolism and associated mechanisms such as phosphate transport and motility. The major metabolic changes were confirmed by chemical, transcriptional, physiological and biochemical experiments. These early and late responses were defined as general stress response and specific response to As(III), respectively. Conclusion: Gene expression patterns suggest that the exposure to As(III) induces an acute response to rapidly minimize the immediate effects of As(III). Upon a longer arsenic exposure, a broad metabolic response was induced. These data allowed to propose for the first time a kinetic model of the As(III) response in bacteria

IoT and information processing in smart energy applications.

The articles in this special section address smart energy applications from the perspective of the Internet of Things (IoT). For smart grid applications, we need to predict the electrical load so that the underlying smart grid can effectively balance the power supply and demand. In general, predictions are made based on the data obtained using IoT and smart meter technologies. The (IoT) could accelerate establishment of such infrastructures. With IoT technologies, many more devices could be controlled and managed through the Internet; data pertaining to the grid, commercial buildings, and residential premises can readily be collected and utilized. To derive valuable information from the data, further information and data processing become essential

Habilidades culinarias de los practicantes mayores de actividades físicas acuáticas

A prática das habilidades culinárias auxilia de forma significativa na promoção e manutenção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Na população idosa, a prática de habilidades culinárias pode se relacionar à autonomia desses indivíduos, assim como contribuir para comportamentos ativos no dia a dia. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as habilidades culinárias de idosos praticantes de atividades físicas aquáticas. Pesquisa descritiva e abordagem quantitativa, que avaliou idosos em quatro academias que ofertavam atividades aquáticas no município de Curitiba-PR. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista ou pelo autopreenchimento de um questionário, com questões sobre dados socioeconômico, estado de saúde, prática de atividade física e habilidades culinárias. Participaram da pesquisa 30 idosos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (90%), com renda maior que 10 salários mínimos (30%), com ensino superior (60%) e casados (50%). Com relação ao questionário de habilidades culinárias, verificou-se que os idosos tinham boa disponibilidade de frutas, legumes e verduras em casa (escore 0,91±0,12), assim como tinham confiança para preparar refeições utilizando frutas, legumes, verduras e temperos (escore 3,98±0,55). Além disso, 50% dos participantes afirmaram preparar refeições com ingredientes básicos diariamente. De modo geral, os idosos demonstraram conhecer os termos e técnicas culinárias apresentados no questionário, exceto o termo “Branquear” que não era muito conhecido e a técnica para medir líquidos. Conclui-se, portanto, que os idosos apresentam habilidades culinárias e práticas alimentares positivas, assim como confiança na prática de cozinhar.The practice of culinary skills significantly assists in promoting and maintaining healthy eating habits. In the elderly population, the practice of culinary skills may be related to the autonomy of these individuals, as well as contributing to active behaviors in daily life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the culinary skills of elderly people who practice aquatic physical activities. Descriptive research and quantitative approach, which evaluated the elderly in four gyms that offered aquatic activities in Curitiba city, Paraná State. Data were collected through an interview or by completing a questionnaire, with questions about socioeconomic data, health status, physical activity practice and cooking skills. Thirty elderly people participated in the research, most of them female (90%), with income of more than 10 minimum wages (30%), with higher education (60%) and married (50%). Regarding the culinary skills questionnaire, it was found that the elderly had good availability of fruits and vegetables at home (score 0.91 ± 0.12), as well as confidence to prepare meals using fruits, vegetables and condiments (score 3.98 ± 0.55). In addition, 50% of participants prepare meals with basic ingredients daily. In general, the elderly demonstrated to know the culinary terms and techniques presented in the questionnaire, except for the term “Blanch” which was not well known and the technique for measuring liquids. We concluded, therefore, that the elderly have positive culinary skills and eating practices, as well as confidence in the practice of cooking.La práctica de habilidades culinarias ayuda significativamente a promover y mantener hábitos alimenticios saludables. En la población de edad avanzada, la práctica de habilidades culinarias puede estar relacionada con la autonomía de estos individuos, así como contribuir a comportamientos activos en la vida diaria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las habilidades culinarias de las personas mayores que practican actividades físicas acuáticas. Investigación descriptiva y enfoque cuantitativo, que evaluó a las personas mayores en cuatro gimnasios que ofrecían actividades acuáticas en la ciudad de Curitiba-PR. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas o cuestionarios autocompletados con preguntas sobre datos socioeconómicos, estado de salud, práctica de actividad física y habilidades culinarias. Treinta personas mayores participaron en la investigación, la mayoría mujeres (90%), con ingresos de más de 10 salarios mínimos (30%), con educación superior (60%) y casados (50%). Con respecto al cuestionario de habilidades culinarias, se encontró que las personas mayores tenían una buena disponibilidad de frutas y verduras en casa (puntaje 0.91 ± 0.12), además de tener la confianza para preparar comidas con frutas, verduras y condimentos (puntaje 3.98 ± 0.55). Además, el 50% de los participantes dijeron que preparan comidas con ingredientes básicos diariamente. En general, las personas mayores mostraron conocer los términos y técnicas culinarias presentados en el cuestionario, a excepción del término "Blanquear" que no era muy conocido y la técnica para medir líquidos. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que las personas mayores tienen habilidades culinarias y prácticas alimenticias positivas, así como confianza en la práctica de la cocina

Bridging the gap between low and high mass dwarf galaxies

While the dark matter content within the most massive giant and smallest dwarf galaxies has been probed -- spanning a range of over one million in mass -- an important observational gap remains for galaxies of intermediate mass. This gap covers K band magnitudes of approximately -16 > M_K > -18 (for which dwarf galaxies have B--K ~ 2). On the high mass side of the gap are dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies, that are dominated by stars in their inner regions. While the low mass side includes dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies that are dark matter-dominated and ultra compact dwarf (UCD) objects that are star-dominated. Evolutionary pathways across the gap have been suggested but remain largely untested because the `gap' galaxies are faint, making dynamical measurements very challenging. With long exposures on the Keck telescope using the ESI instrument we have succeeded in bridging this gap by measuring the dynamical mass for five dwarf galaxies with M_K ~ -17.5 (M_B ~ --15.5). With the exception of our brightest dwarf galaxy, they possess relatively flat velocity dispersion profiles of around 20 km/s. By examining their 2D scaling relations and 3D fundamental manifold, we found that the sizes and velocity dispersions of these gap galaxies reveal continuous trends from dE to dSph galaxies. We conclude that low-luminosity dwarf elliptical galaxies are dominated by stars, not by dark matter, within their half light radii. This finding can be understood if internal feedback processes are operating most efficiently in gap galaxies, gravitationally heating the centrally-located dark matter to larger radii. Whereas external environmental processes, which can strip away stars, have a greater influence on dSph galaxies resulting in their higher dark matter fractions. Abridged.Comment: 20 pages, includes 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

A Tale of Two Oxidation States: Bacterial Colonization of Arsenic-Rich Environments

Microbial biotransformations have a major impact on contamination by toxic elements, which threatens public health in developing and industrial countries. Finding a means of preserving natural environments—including ground and surface waters—from arsenic constitutes a major challenge facing modern society. Although this metalloid is ubiquitous on Earth, thus far no bacterium thriving in arsenic-contaminated environments has been fully characterized. In-depth exploration of the genome of the β-proteobacterium Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans with regard to physiology, genetics, and proteomics, revealed that it possesses heretofore unsuspected mechanisms for coping with arsenic. Aside from multiple biochemical processes such as arsenic oxidation, reduction, and efflux, H. arsenicoxydans also exhibits positive chemotaxis and motility towards arsenic and metalloid scavenging by exopolysaccharides. These observations demonstrate the existence of a novel strategy to efficiently colonize arsenic-rich environments, which extends beyond oxidoreduction reactions. Such a microbial mechanism of detoxification, which is possibly exploitable for bioremediation applications of contaminated sites, may have played a crucial role in the occupation of ancient ecological niches on earth

Low Cognitive Awareness, but Not Complaint, is a Good Marker of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may result from many conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)