"Flatus vocis". Genealogía de una palabra sin sentido: patrimonio

En este trabajo se analiza la génesis de la palabra “patrimonio”, tal y como se utiliza actualmente en el Mundo Occidental. Se concluye que puede haber dos modelos de “cultura” (término que cae en desuso, al ser sustituido por la palabra “patrimonio”), aquél en que ésta se compone de una serie de obras de diferentes tipos que cada sociedad integra en su sistema de valores morales y políticos. Y, en segundo lugar, otro modelo de cultura en el que esas obras quedan descontextualizadas y pasan a ser exportables e incluso adquiribles comercialmente. Éste sería el modelo actual, en el que la palabra “patrimonio” sustituye al antiguo término “cultura” y en el que ese término pasa a designar un supuesto conjunto de bienes destinados al consumo turístico.In this work an analysis is made of the word “heritage”, as it is now used in the West World. The conclusion is that there are possibly two models of “culture” (term fallen into disuse being replaced by the word “heritage”), one in which this is composed of a series of works of different kind that each society incorporates into its system of moral and political values. And secondly, another model of culture in which those works are descontextualized and become exportable and even commercially acquirable. This would be the present model, where the word “heritage” replaces the old term “culture” and where that term stands for a supposed set of goods intended for the tourist use

Mitologías prerromanas de la Península Ibérica: estado de la cuestión

From the end of the Bronze Age to the coming of Roman Imperial Age the Iberian Peninsula have been divided in three ethnological areas: the indo-european, the non indoeuropean and the punic and greek colonization areas.The religions and mythologies of the peoples of these areas have been studied by hispanic historians and archaeologists through the literary, epigraphic and archaeological sources. In this paper the author display the state of art in these historical fields.Desde finales de la Edad del Bronce hasta el comienzo de la Época Imperial Romana la Península Ibérica estuvo dividida en tres grandes áreas etnográficas: la indoeuropea, la no indoeuropea y las áreas de las colonizaciones púnica y griega.Las religiones y las mitologías de estos pueblos han sido estudiadas por os historiadores españoles a través de las fuentes literarias clásicas y de las fuentes epigráficas y arqueológicas. En este artículo se ofrece el estado actual de la investigación en estos campos

La filosofía crítica como herramienta para un concepto de sostenibilidad normativo

Partiendo de la semilla colocada por Horkheimer y Adorno, luego completada por Beck, de la desaparición de la naturaleza, el artículo intenta a través de la crítica acabar con la ambivalencia normativa entre ecologismo político y democracia. Esta crítica acabará, al tiempo, por conformar una idea de la sostenibilidad que parta de bases normativas para mantener vivo su proceso de teorización

Narrar, explicar, pensar

En este trabajo se exponen los rasgos básicos de las teorías cognitivas y\ud narrativas de la Historia y se propone una nueva fonna de abordar la teoría de la misma,\ud a la que se denomina como "pensar la Historia".In this paper are shown the basic features of the narratives and cognitives theories of History and is proposed a new approach to the historical theory, which we\ud call "thinking History"

"Veritas filia temporis" versus "Philosophia perennis": el "nuevo giro histórico" de Karl Ameriks

En este trabajo se analizan dos cuestiones fundamentales para comprender la situación presente de la teoría de la Historia. La importancia fundamental que tuvo en la Historia del pensamiento la figura de Kant y la contraposición entre dos concepciones opuestas de la historia del pensamiento: la estática y ahistórica y la concepción historicista. La concepción ahistórica, que se denomina philosophia perennis, está encarnada hoy en día por la filosofía analítica anglosajona, que se define como un sistema cerrado y perfecto de preguntas y respuestas y considera que la Historia como tal no posee ningún interés, ni siquiera la propia historia de la filosofía. La segunda concepción, denominada veritas filia temporis, es la que se defiende y estaría caracterizada por los rasgos siguientes. Considera que el conocimiento humano es, por su propia naturaleza, limitado y que se construye en el tiempo, dependiendo de circunstancias contingentes. Por esa razón la historia, comenzando por la historia de la filosofía, debe ser uno, aunque no el único, de los criterios útiles para su comprensión. Esa reivindicación de la historia es inseparable de la reivindicación de lo contingente y de la idea de que la propia realidad histórica siempre será inabarcable y estará más allá de los límites de cualquier discurso.This paper analyses two questions that are critical to our understanding of the current situation in the theory of History. The vital importance of the figure of Kant in the History of Thought and the counterposition between two opposite notions of the History of Thought. The first one, static and ahistorical, is called philosophia perennis and is embodied nowadays in the English analytical Philosophy, defined as a closed and perfect system of questions and answers, which considers that History at large does not have any interest, not even the History of Philosophy itself. We defend the second notion, called verita filia temporis, characterized by stating that human knowledge is limited by its own nature and develops in time, depending on contingent circumstances. For this reason History, beginning with the History of Philosophy, must be one of the useful criteria for its understanding, but not the only one. That claim of History is inseparable from the claim of the ultimate and from the idea sustaining that historical reality will be always impossible to comprehend and will be beyond the limits of any discourse

Madness and Text: The Psychiatric Paper as a Business and as a Means of Censorship

The journals are basically the only channel through the scientists can make the result of their research know to their colleagues. Scientific journals select the information they publish and guarantee its quality by means of a double blind procedure of censorship by peers. If on the one hand this procedure seems logical as a method for including a study within a consolidated scientific field it is also true that it can function as a mechanism for censorship. If, furthermore, a scientific field such as pharmacology is intimately linked to the business interest of large companies then the companies and journals not only became providers of guidance, but also censors who conceal part of the truth and obstruct scientific advance to defend the economic interest of their patents

Confined body

Tras entrar en cuarentena obligatoria por cuenta del Covid-19, todo contacto físico tuvo que ser sustituido por encuentros digitales. El sexo no iba a ser la excepción y en consecuencia, el sexting se convirtió en una alternativa para sustituir los encuentros sexuales físicos, circunstancias de las cuales se deriva el tema de mi proyecto de grado, “Cuerpo confinado”, que junto con mi experiencia personal en dicha práctica y la situación de confinamiento, dio lugar a mi proyecto de dibujo que desarrollé a lo largo del confinamiento en la red social Instagram, con el nombre de maria.dibuja.packs. La presentación del proyecto final se da desde dos espacios expositivos: por un lado el perfil de los packs, y por el otro, el montaje que realicé en un espacio que no fue construido para tal fin, pero que debido a las condiciones de pandemia tuvo que ser adaptado para ello (un espacio familiar). Para el montaje me he valido del concepto de la película “La ventana indiscreta” de (Alfred Hitchcock), en donde Jeff (el protagonista) logra a través de la ventana de su apartamento espiar a sus vecinos, en mi caso el uso del vidrio como dispositivo que conserva el dibujo, que es a su vez la metáfora de la ventana y la pantalla del celular que, junto con la disposición lineal que he escogido para presentar los dibujos, recrean la idea de estar haciendo un recorrido ida y vuelta por las ventanas que exponen las intimidades de sus habitantes.After entering compulsory quarantine on behalf of Covid-19, all physical contact had to be replaced by digital encounters. Sex was not going to be the exception and consequently, sexting became an alternative to replace physical sexual encounters, circumstances from which the theme of my degree project, "Confined Body", was derived. This, together with my personal experience in this practice and the situation of confinement, gave rise to my drawing project that I developed throughout the confinement on the social network Instagram, under the name of maria.dibuja.packs. The presentation of the final project is given from two exhibition spaces: on the one hand the profile of the packs, and on the other, the assembly that I made in a space that was not built for that purpose, but due to the conditions of pandemic had to be adapted for it (a family space). For the montage I used the concept of the film "The Rear Window" by (Alfred Hitchcock), where Jeff (the protagonist) manages to spy on his neighbors through the window of his apartment, in my case the use of glass as a device that preserves the drawing, which is in turn the metaphor of the window and the screen of the cell phone that, along with the linear arrangement I have chosen to present the drawings, recreate the idea of making a round trip through the windows that expose the intimacies of its inhabitants

The Surgical Robot: Applications and Advantages in General Surgery

The field of General Surgery with its multiple sub‐specialties has experienced the progression of minimally invasive procedures performed with the robotic technology since the last decade. The robotic applications are extensive and have contributed to the enrichment of the surgical sub‐specialties based on advantages such as increased surgeon control and autonomy, superior instrument dexterity and tissue handling, improved three‐dimensional visualization, wristed articulation, all of this despite the lack of haptic feedback. The sub‐specialties of Colorectal, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic, Gastric Oncologic, Bariatric, Foregut, Pediatric, Endocrine, and Hernia Surgery, in addition to General Surgery as the principal specialty, have produced several high‐quality randomized controlled trials, meta‐analyses, prospective and retrospective series which have established, in many instances, superior results to those of laparoscopy, and at least non‐inferior outcomes over the years. From the first pioneer single‐surgeon experiences around the world to the most recent large trials, including the first Robotic General Surgery case series in an American community hospital not classified as a tertiary referral center, patients continue to benefit from this technology as surgeons engage in overcoming their learning curve and training their teams, involving their hospital administrators and working with the industry to perfect their techniques for the sake of their patients