Método científico e pesquisas em saúde: orientação para prática profissional

In the health area, research is designed to develop reliable data on problems and needs that are important to the individual/community, with a particular focus on guiding practitioners. Today, due to innumerable innovations in health, health decision-making needs to be based on scientific principles, which is a daily process that is integral to the rhythm of life, product and reason for social interests in confrontation based on learning, not summarized to mere reproduction. In this context, when considering that the quality of the research is directly linked to the presentation of the results, it is important to note the importance of the construction of research protocols that present the step-by-step techniques of organization and analysis of the data, understanding that the researcher, when in possession of collected data, must be sure that when they work respecting the chosen technique, they will indicate the evidences of the study, with possibilities to achieve a new knowledge with the minimum of bias that can happen. Thus, it is understood the importance of emphasizing the scientific method as a way for the development of scientific research in order to achieve the objectives set, increasing the rigor of the research to give visibility to information that enables the professional practices conscious and within of criteria that contribute to decision making on care based on validated scientific information.  Na área da saúde a pesquisa é projetada para desenvolver dados fidedignos sobre problemas e necessidades importantes para o indivíduo/comunidade, com foco, em especial, para orientar a prática dos profissionais. Atualmente, devido a inúmeras inovações na área da saúde, a tomada de decisão em saúde necessita estar pautada em princípios científicos que é processo cotidiano integrante do ritmo de vida, produto e motivo de interesses sociais em confronto baseado no aprendizado não resumido à mera reprodução. Nesse contexto, ao considerar que a qualidade das pesquisas está diretamente ligada à apresentação dos resultados, destaca-se a importância da construção de protocolos de pesquisa que apresentem o passo a passo de técnicas de organização e análise dos dados, ao entender que o pesquisador quando de posse de dados coletados, deve ter a certeza de que ao serem trabalhados respeitando a técnica escolhida, indicarão as evidências do estudo, com possibilidades de chegar a um novo conhecimento com o mínimo de viés que pode acontecer. Assim, entende-se a importância de dar ênfase ao método científico como caminho para desenvolvimento da pesquisa cientifica para que assim se alcance os objetivos traçados, propiciando cada vez mais a rigorosidade das pesquisas para dar visibilidade a informações que possibilitem as práticas profissionais conscientes e dentro de critérios que contribuam para tomada de decisão sobre o cuidado com base em informações científicas validadas

Evaluation of quality parameters of rectal cancer surgery at the Coloproctology Unit of Hospital de Braga

Introduction: rectal cancer (rC) represents 1/3 of all diagnosed colorectal cancers. After the creation of specialized units to treat rC, it became fundamental to establish criteria to assess the quality of the service. Objective: to evaluate the surgical treat-ment provided to rC patients at the Coloproctology Unit of Hospital de Braga(bH-CU) by means of quality parameters. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional descriptive study with a convenience sample of 149 patients undergoing surgical treatment in this unit, from January 1st, 2007 to June 30, 2010. results: We observed that the postoperative mortality rate (4%) and the global dehiscence rate (14.8%) were in accordance with recommended values. sphincter sparing surgery rate (65.8%) was higher than the rec-ommended minimum; however, more than 12 resected ganglia (36.6%) is inferior than what is recommended. the oncological results were analyzed by the local recurrencerate (6.7%) and the two-year survival rate (91.1%); both values are in accordance with literature. Conclusion: We conclude that the bH-CU surgical treatment has a quality level similar to that observed in literatureIntrodução: O câncer do reto (Cr) constitui cerca de 1/3 da totalidade dos casos de câncer colorretal diagnosticados. Após a criação de unidades especializadas no tratamento do Cr, tornou-se fundamental estabelecer critérios que permitam avaliar a qualidade do tratamento prestado. Objetivo: Avaliar, segundo parâmetros de qualidade, o tratamento cirúrgico prestado aos doentes com Cr, na Unidade Funcional de Coloproctologia (UFC) do Hospital de braga (Hb). Métodos: realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo com uma amostra de conveniência constituída por 149 doentes operados de Cr entre 1º de Janeiro de 2007 e 30 de Junho de 2010. resultados: Observou-se que a taxa de mortalidade pós-operatória (4%) e a taxa global de deiscência (14,8%) se encontram dentro dos valores recomendados. A taxa de realização de cirurgia poupadora de esfíncteres (65,8%) foi superior ao limite mínimo aconselhado; no entanto, a taxa de número de gânglios ressecados superior a 12 (36,6%), encontra-se aquém do exigível. Os resultados oncológicos foram analisados através da taxa de recidiva local, 6,7%, e da taxa de sobrevida aos 2 anos, 91,1%, ambos dentro dos valores propostos na literatura. Conclusão: Concluímos que o tratamento cirúrgico prestado na UFC do Hb apresenta um nível de qualidade semelhante ao globalmente recomendado.(undefined

“Saber é poder”: o ‘Questionário – Islamismo’ e a governança do Islão em Moçambique (1966-1967)

Em meados da década de 1960 no contexto multi-étnico e multi-religioso de Moçambique foi desenhada uma estratégia de aproximação às comunidades muçulmanas, com o objectivo da sua mobilização político-militar pela administração colonial portuguesa. O questionário desenhado por Fernando Amaro Monteiro, em 1965, e levado a cabo, em 1966/67, foi um dos seus elementos fundamentais. Teve como finalidade identificar e caracterizar os dignitários islâmicos, hierarquias, lideranças e mecanismos de comunicação, a eventual permeabilidade a influências cristãs, elementos que se destinavam a uma posterior exploração pelo poder colonial. As múltiplas leituras e possibilidades de tratamento que suscita, em virtude do manancial de informações veiculado, impõem uma reflexão multidimensional que contribui para explorar o espaço dos dispositivos, agências e mediadores de saber na administração colonial portuguesa, a sua operatividade na definição de estratégias de governança, bem como a avaliação das limitações e potencialidades epistemológicas deste dispositivo de conhecimento

Towards a public health approach for palliative care: an action-research study focused on engaging a local community and educating teenagers

Background: Education sessions about palliative care among teenagers are uncommon in developed countries. However, very little is known either about the impact of this type of intervention or about how this age-group perceives its impact. The purpose of this study was therefore to (i) implement an education program about palliative care among teenagers and (ii) to investigate the impact of the program on the participants. Methods: An action-research study was conducted at a local community parish in Portugal in November 2015. An education programme was purposively built about palliative care, using active educational strategies adapted for teenagers. Quantitative and qualitative techniques and instruments were used for data collection: questionnaire; reflective diaries; interviews and written testimony. The program had three stages: preparation; intervention; and evaluation. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis; quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Results: 69 people (47 teenagers) participated in the education program. Findings show that the education program contributed to creating awareness about palliative care. Both the teenagers and other participants assessed the education program positively. At the end of the program, teenagers had a constructive message about palliative care. Conclusions: The education-intervention contributed to create awareness about palliative care among the participant teenagers, who ended the program with a positive message about palliative care. Based on our findings, the following policy implications can be drawn: (1) Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of education programs about palliative care among younger age groups (teenagers and children), particularly in relation to the changing of attitudes toward palliative care. (2) Education about palliative care should be promoted to local communities, involving all age groups, to foster involvement, participation and empowerment. (3) Compassionate communities should be promoted to enhance the health and wellbeing of all citizens at the end of their life.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Teacher professional development in higher education: the impact of pedagogical training perceived by teachers

This paper aims to analyze the impact of a pedagogical training program aimed to promote teacher professional development in a higher education institution in Portugal. Based on a mixedmethods approach, the study evaluates the satisfaction of 36 higher education teachers with the pedagogical training program offered and discusses its impact on teachers’ perceptions of teaching practices, conceptions, and professional development. The results from the questionnaires applied to participants, including multiple choice questions and open-ended answers, indicate high satisfaction with the implemented training program. Based on this case study, the authors discuss the implications of findings for teacher professional development and identify key characteristics for the design of successful pedagogical training programs in higher education.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Use of superabsorbent polymers to mitigate autogenous shrinkage in ultra-high performance concrete

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with low w/c-ratio is very prone to the formation of cracks due to autogenous shrinkage. These cracks can lead to a decreased durability of the concrete, resulting in higher maintenance and/or repair costs in the future. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can be added to cementitious materials to provide internal curing and as a result reduce or even mitigate this autogenous shrinkage. In this paper, two different types of SAPs were added to cement paste to see their influence on mitigating autogenous shrinkage. One SAP is a commercially available SAP whereas the other SAP is especially developed within the framework of the LORCENIS project by the company ChemStream, with the aim to mitigate autogenous shrinkage and induce self-healing of cracks. The SAPs from ChemStream were based on a copolymerization of sodium vinyl sulfonate (SVS) with 2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonate (NaAMPS) and contained 1.0 mol% N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) with respect to the monomer as cross-linker. The commercial SAP from BASF was based on poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid). In case SAPs were used, an additional fixed amount of water was added to mitigate autogenous shrinkage. The amount of SAPs used was determined based on their swelling capacity in cement filtrate and in order to obtain the same workability as the reference mixture. The amount of SAPs needed was in the range of 0.2-0.26 m% of the cement weight. To see whether the size of the SAPs plays a role in the efficiency of mitigating autogenous shrinkage, two average particle sizes, namely 40 and 100 µm, were tested. With the used amount of SAPs, a reduction or even complete counteraction of autogenous shrinkage was observed for the cement pastes

Programa de intervenção em consciência fonológica: análise em crianças do ensino fundamental

The relation between phonological awareness and the initial process for the acquisition of reading, and writing right after, has been subject of study in professional and scientific field. Therefore, the current research comes from two studies, namely: (I) Phonological awareness and reading: a systematic analysis of the literature; (II) intervention program analysis in phonological awareness. In the first study was conducted a systematic analysis of articles about phonological awareness and its relation with reading. For this, 24 articles of databases Scielo and Lilacs were selected in Portuguese in the last 14 years, except for 2002 and 2003. The results showed a strong relation between phonological awareness and reading. In the second one, a field research was conducted among 25 students from 1 st to the 2 nd year of elementary school. The instruments used were: TCLPP, THPL and educational activities. The objective was to evaluate students of 1 st year who had lower performance in phonological activities, proposing to intensify the use of phonological intervention program in the 2 nd year, in order to remedy and/or decrease the found difficulty to subserve the reader acquisition. The results revealed a significant advance in the development of valued skills. It concludes that it is important to outline intervention program projects in phonological awareness aiming to develop the skills, which support learning in the early stages of reading and writing acquisition.A relação entre a consciência fonológica e o processo inicial para a aquisição da leitura e posteriormente da escrita, tem sido tema de estudo no campo profissional e científico. Assim, a presente investigação trata de dois estudos, a saber: (I) Consciência fonológica e leitura: análise sistemática da literatura; (II) Análise do programa de intervenção em consciência fonológica. No primeiro estudo foi realizada análise sistemática de artigos sobre a consciência fonológica e sua relação com a leitura. Para isso, foram selecionados 24 artigos em português, dos bancos de dados Scielo e Lilacs, nos últimos 14 anos, com exceção dos anos 2002 e 2003. Os resultados evidenciaram forte relação entre a consciência fonológica e leitura. No segundo foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, com a participação de 25 estudantes de 1o até o 2o ano do ensino fundamental. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: TCLPP, THPL e atividades educativas. O objetivo foi avaliar escolares de 1o ano que apresentaram desempenho inferior em atividades fonológicas, propondo-se intensificar o uso de programa de intervenção fonológica no 2o ano, com a finalidade de sanar eou diminuir a dificuldade encontrada, facilitando a aquisição leitora. Os resultados revelaram um avanço significativo no desenvolvimento das habilidades avaliadas. Conclui-se que é importante delinear projetos de programa de intervenção em consciência fonológica visando desenvolver as habilidades que auxiliam a aprendizagem nas fases iniciais da aquisição da leitura e escrita

Legislación y política migratoria en España. Radicalizando la precariedad social

This article reviews the construction of migration policies in Spain while analyzing its role as an instrument in the production of exclusion and precariousness. The changes in migration legislation-far from decreasing the number of undocumented migrants-have produced labor segmentation and social stratification. The official determination of presenting illegal immigrants as part of a vicious circIe and legal ones as part of a virtuous circIe opens the door to the criminalization of migration movements. This situation produces a radicalization in the vulnerability of certain labor forces. As opposed to the culturalist perspective, which explains inequality as the result of pre-existent cultural differences, the following analysis suggests that the discriminatory and marginalized situations suffered by part of non-communitarian immigrant population in Spain are systematically produced and reinforced by various political and legal practices