Foundations for College Algebra

This Grants Collection for Biochemistry was created under a Round Seven ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process. Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: Linked Syllabus Initial Proposal Final Reporthttps://oer.galileo.usg.edu/mathematics-collections/1023/thumbnail.jp

Considerations Regarding Graduate Student Persistence

Completion of graduate studies is a central issue for universities. Over the past decade researchers interested in higher education have become concerned with graduate student completion rates. Possible reasons underlying variations in graduate student persistence have included the amassed learning experiences and subsequent perceptions of graduate students, supervisory committee members, and other department staff. This article addresses some of the psychosocial considerations that underlie the complex interactions among students, supervisory committees, and departmental support staff, referred to here as the "academic triad." Using Seligman's (1991) explanatory framework and Bandura's (1986) self-efficacy theory, this article explains how student persistence is closely tied to the behavior of students, academics, and departmental support staff. Further, the article provides two frameworks to gain a broadened understanding of the relationship between the academic triad and graduate student persistence. Recommendations are provided as to how to foster graduate student persistence through improved personal and interpersonal reflexivity.L'obtention par les étudiants d'un diplôme de deuxième ou troisième cycle constitue une question centrale pour les universités. Depuis les dix dernières années, les chercheurs dans le domaine de l'éducation postsecondaire se penchent davantage sur les taux de réussite chez les étudiants du deuxième ou troisième cycle. Parmi les raisons évoquées pour expliquer la variation dans la persévérance des étudiants du deuxième ou troisième cycle, on a proposé trois facteurs: l'accumulation des expériences d'apprentissage et les perceptions qu'en ont les étudiants, les membres du comité de thèse et finalement, les membres du personnel non-académique des départements impliqués. Cet article étudie quelques-unes des considérations psychosociales qui sous-tendent les interactions complexes entre les étudiants, les comités de thèse et le personnel non-académique. On nomme ces trois groupes la «triade académique». En s'appuyant à la fois sur le cadre de Seligman (1991) et la théorie d'auto efficacité de Bandura (1986), les auteurs expliquent le lien serré entre la persévérance des étudiants d'une part et le comportement des étudiants, du personnel académique et du personnel non-académique d'autre part. Les auteurs fournissent en plus deux cadres permettant de mieux comprendre le rapport entre la triade académique et la persévérance des étudiants de deuxième ou troisième cycle. Sont également présentées des recommandations pour favoriser la persévérance des étudiants de deuxième ou troisième cycle par le biais d'une autoréférence personnelle et interpersonnelle améliorée

Cancellation of atmospheric turbulence effects in entangled two-photon beams

Turbulent airflow in the atmosphere and the resulting random fluctuations in its refractive index have long been known as a major cause of image deterioration in astronomical imaging and figures among the obstacles for reliable optical communication when information is encoded in the spatial profile of a laser beam. Here we show that using correlation imaging and a suitably prepared source of photon pairs, the most severe of the disturbances inflicted on the beam by turbulence can be cancelled out. Other than a two-photon light source, only linear passive optical elements are needed and, as opposed to adaptive optics techniques, our scheme does not rely on active wavefront correction.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Beyond self-report: tools to compare estimated and real-world smartphone use

Psychologists typically rely on self-report data when quantifying mobile phone usage, despite little evidence of its validity. In this paper we explore the accuracy of using self-reported estimates when compared with actual smartphone use. We also include source code to process and visualise these data. We compared 23 participants' actual smartphone use over a two-week period with self-reported estimates and the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. Our results indicate that estimated time spent using a smartphone may be an adequate measure of use, unless a greater resolution of data are required. Estimates concerning the number of times an individual used their phone across a typical day did not correlate with actual smartphone use. Neither estimated duration nor number of uses correlated with the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. We conclude that estimated smartphone use should be interpreted with caution in psychological research

Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to 4-aminophenol in a fully reusable solvent system, by using Pt, Rh, Pd supported on carbon-CF3COOH catalytic system

4-Aminophenol is an important raw material for several products in the field of dyes, photographs and pharmaceutics. For instance, paracetamol (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol) a widely employed analgesic and antipyretic whose production is in continuous growth specially in the far east region. Industrial synthesis of paracetamol is based mainly on 4-aminophenol, which is obtained by three different routes: i) nucleophilic substitution of the Cl of the 4-chloronitrobenzene, ii) reduction of 4-nitro-phenol, iii) selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene [1]. The selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is however, the most convenient from both economical and environmental point of view [1, 2]. The major concern of this process is, however, the presence of H2SO4, which is origin of corrosion, safety, environmental and separation problems. The reaction is typically carried out in CSTR in which the biphasic reaction medium is used to accomplish simultaneously the Pt catalyzed hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and the acid catalyzed Bamberger rearrangement of the intermediate N-phenylhydroxylamine. From environmental point of view, the major drawback of the process is the neutralization of the acidic phase, with the consequent by-production of sulfate salts, which are undesired wastes. Starting from recent results obtained in the Beckmann rearrangement of the cyclohexanone oxime in CH3CN-CF3COOH system [3], here we show some findings on the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to 4-aminophenol in a single liquid phase CH3CN-H2O-CF3COOH and in the presence a hydrogenation catalyst. The easy of recovery of solvent and catalysts allows to develop a greener process than that based on the biphasic H2SO4-nitrobenzene syste

Sistema de controle interno: um estudo na Controladoria Geral do Estado da Paraíba

The present study aimed to analyze whether the principles and standards of internal controls are being used correctly within state public entities. The research in question was classified as qualitative. As for data collection and treatment, methodological studies by Costa (2019), Santos (2016) and Teixeira (2008) were used as a basis, where there were analyzes regarding risk and control management and internal control in a public organization, as well as their importance in the management of the entity. In Section 4, in the analysis of results, it was found that a significant number of 31 respondents were received through a questionnaire, within the perspective that Internal Control is practiced properly within a public administration body, the questions were related to the rules governing the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 2017, as well as the lines of defense, which are part of the Internal Control Primer of the Court of Auditors of the State of Paraíba. The results obtained from the present research were as follows: with regard to control activities, it can be said that, information on management, rules and control guidelines are disclosed to most employees of the agency, there is generally a segregation of functions , reconciliation, analysis of reports, manual of policies and procedures in each sector, as it was also observed that the majority of respondents do not have in-depth knowledge regarding the components and principles of the 2017 Integrated Framework, highlighting to the three components of the COSO structure - Risk and Culture Governance, Strategy and definition of objectives and Performance, discussed in section 4.3 in the comparative analysis.O presente estudo buscou avaliar a utilização do controle interno na Controladoria Geral do Estado, localizada em João Pessoa - Paraíba. A pesquisa em questão se classificou como qualitativa. Já para coleta e tratamento dos dados foram utilizados como base os estudos metodológicos de forma aplicada de Costa (2019), Santos (2016) e Teixeira (2008), onde houve análises quanto o gerenciamento de risco e controle e o controle interno em uma organização pública, bem como sua importância na gestão da entidade. Na Seção 4, na análise de resultados, apurou- se o recebimento de um número significativo de 31 respondentes mediante questionário, dentro da perspectiva de que o Controle Interno é praticado de forma adequada dentro de um órgão da administração pública, as perguntas foram relacionadas com as normas que regem o Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) 2017, bem como as linhas de defesa, estas que fazem parte da Cartilha de Controle Interno do Tribunal de Contas do Estado da Paraíba. Os resultados obtidos da presente pesquisa foram o seguinte: com relação às atividades de controle pode-se afirmar que as informações sobre a gestão, normas e diretrizes de controle são divulgadas a maioria dos servidores do órgão, existe de um modo geral segregação de funções, conciliação, análise de relatórios, manual de políticas e procedimentos em cada setor, como também foi observado que a maioria dos respondentes não possuem conhecimentos aprofundados referentes aos componentes e princípios da Estrutura Integrada (Framework) de 2017, com destaque aos três componentes da estrutura do COSO - Governança de Risco e Cultura, Estratégia e definição de objetivos e Desempenho, abordados na sessão 4.3 na análise comparativa

Some flows in shape optimization

Geometric flows related to shape optimization problems of Bernoulli type are investigated. The evolution law is the sum of a curvature term and a nonlocal term of Hele-Shaw type. We introduce generalized set solutions, the definition of which is widely inspired by viscosity solutions. The main result is an inclusion preservation principle for generalized solutions. As a consequence, we obtain existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions. Asymptotic behavior for the flow is discussed: we prove that the solutions converge to a generalized Bernoulli exterior free boundary problem

Relative blocking in posets

Poset-theoretic generalizations of set-theoretic committee constructions are presented. The structure of the corresponding subposets is described. Sequences of irreducible fractions associated to the principal order ideals of finite bounded posets are considered and those related to the Boolean lattices are explored; it is shown that such sequences inherit all the familiar properties of the Farey sequences.Comment: 29 pages. Corrected version of original publication which is available at http://www.springerlink.com, see Corrigendu

DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL: INDICADORES DE FRAGILIDADE EM UM SISTEMA DE DRENAGEM URBANA E DEPÓSITOS IRREGULARES DE LIXO EM BELÉM/PA-AMAZÔNIA

Os sistemas de manejo e drenagem de águas pluviais constituem parte importante no que tange a salubridade sanitária e ambiental. Este estudo apresenta o diagnóstico do sistema de drenagem urbana da bacia hidrográfica do Una (Belém-PA) e do crescimento exponencial da distribuição espacial irregular de resíduos sólidos, que se encontram por todo o município em terrenos baldios, cantos de ruas e margens de canais. Para isto, a metodologia aplicada baseou-se na utilização de Indicadores de Fragilidade do Sistema (IFS), com intuito de identificar os fatores que interferem no sistema de drenagem pluvial urbano, bem como seu grau de fragilidade; revisão bibliográfica sobre gestão de resíduos sólidos, limpeza urbana e estudos de drenagem; além de levantamento de dados referentes aos índices de serviços públicos ofertados à cidade de Belém pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e pelo Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Saneamento (SNIS) e trabalho de campo. Foram identificados processos de assoreamento, eutrofização, interações negativas dos sistemas de drenagem com efluentes domésticos, resíduos sólidos, dentre outros. Os valores obtidos de IFS expressam de maneira sucinta os problemas encontrados em toda grande Belém, classificando a bacia hidrográfica do Una com Médio grau de fragilidade.Palavras-chave: Bacia Hidrográfica do UNA; Lixo; Indicadores de Fragilidade de Sistema; Belém