El programa de Geohidrología Comparada en la cuenca inferior del río Uruguay (Argentina-Uruguay)

Fil: Hernández, Mario Alberto. Cátedra de Hidrogeología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montaño Xavier, Jorge. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la RepúblicaFil: González, Nilda. Cátedra de Hidrogeología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Collazo, Paula. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la RepúblicaFil: Trovatto, María Marta. Cátedra de Hidrogeología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Lisandro. Cátedra de Fundamentos de Geología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, María del Pilar. Cátedra de Hidrogeología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montaño, Mauricio. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la Repúblic

La forestación de salicáceas como aporte al desarrollo sustentable del Delta del Paraná

La producción forestal en los humedales del Delta del Paraná se basa principalmente en el cultivo de Populus (álamos) y Salix (sauces para producción de madera y sauces mimbre), ambos géneros pertenecientes a la familia Salicáceas. Con algunas diferencias en sus características de cultivo y requerimientos ambientales, estos géneros forestales poseen tradición en el territorio debido a su excelente y variada aptitud industrial, desde “triturado”, que comprende la elaboración de pulpa para papel y de tableros de partículas, a los “usos sólidos” (aserrado, debobinado, vigas, muebles, entre otros). En la disertación se darán a conocer cómo y en qué los agentes de desarrollo de la EEA Delta del Paraná –INTA- aportan al crecimiento del sector foresto-industrial de la región. El trabajo se aborda mediante una red multidisciplinaria que se ocupa de la conservación de los recursos naturales, protección vegetal, ecofisiología, silvicultura, mejoramiento genético, aspectos socioeconómicos y la extensión. Asimismo, se presentarán resultados recientes sobre clones mejorados de álamos y sauces, de aplicación en el Delta. En el caso del sauce, que ocupa el 98% de las plantaciones del delta entrerriano, se cuenta con clones recientemente seleccionados por INTA dotados de alta tolerancia al anegamiento prolongado. Se exponen conceptos vinculados a la selección y al potencial de los materiales mejorados de rápido crecimiento, adaptados a zonas inundables, y aptos para diversos usos industriales.EEA Delta del ParanáFil: Cerrillo, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Javier Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Jorge Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Battistella, Agustín. Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Pesca. Dirección de Producción Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Braccini, Celina Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Casaubon, Edgardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Cortizo, Silvia Cora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Patricia Carina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Ceballos, Dario Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Tschieder, Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Faustino, Laura Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Fracassi, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Cortes, Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: González, Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Grieco, Leda. Fundación ArgenInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Programa de Capacitación Gratuita para Estudiantes Universitarios; ArgentinaFil: Hemming, Juan Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Landi, Lucas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Mangieri, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Mema, Vanesa Yamila. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Monteverde, María Silvana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentina. Universidad de Concepción del Uruguay. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Concepción del Uruguay. Cátedra de Genética y Mejoramiento; ArgentinaFil: Mujica, Gerardo Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Olemberg, Demián Jeremí­as. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Delta del Paraná; Argentin

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Cytotoxic effects of catechol to neuroblastoma N2a cells,”

Abstract. The mechanisms of catechol-induced cytotoxicity were studied in cultures of neuroblastoma N2a cells. The minimal cytotoxic concentration after 72 h was 20 µmol·l -1 . The EC 50 after 72 h was 38 µmol·l -1 . There was not a correlation between the cytotoxicity and the formation of quinones in the medium. Catechol-induced cytotoxicity was increased significantly when superoxide dismutase (SOD) was added. The addition of catalase did not protect cells, but this enzyme reverted the deleterious effect of SOD. The experimental studies showed a detrimental effect of deferoxamine on catechol-induced cytotoxicity suggesting that cells need iron to maintain its metabolism. NF-κB inhibitors increased the cytotoxicity, suggesting that this factor is also important for cell viability. L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine protected cells significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The use of monochlorobimane showed that catechol induced reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion after 24 h, prior to cell death. The mode of cell death was studied by flow cytometry after double staining with annexin V and propidium iodide. Catechol induced apoptosis after 72 h. Furthermore, catechol also induced nuclear fragmentation. These data showed that catechol-induced cytotoxicity to N2a cell was not directly a consequence of reactive oxygen species production. Rather, it was due to GSH depletion followed by the induction of apoptosis

El Programa de geohidrología comparada en la cuenca inferior del rio Uruguay (Argentina-Uruguay)

Se presenta un Programa de investigación basado en el Convenio suscripto entre las facultades de Ciencias Naturales UNLP (Argentina) y de Ciencias UDELAR (Uruguay), para el estudio geohidrológico integral de la cuenca inferior del río Uruguay, compartida entre ambos países. El área involucrada es de aproximadamente 8500 km2, elongada según el río entre las ciudades de Colón-Paysandú y Carmelo. Se lleva a cabo bajo el paradigma de la geohidrología comparada, a partir de que la recarga del sistema es la misma en el territorio de las dos márgenes, el comportamiento del río es ganador, las características hidroquímicas subterráneas son semejantes, pero la geología y conformación física del sistema acuífero difieren, al igual que la aplicación agrícola del agua subterránea. El programa plantea la resolución de un balance hídrico basado en información procedente de estaciones de registro uruguayas y argentinas, relevamiento geológico y geohidrológico, muestreo, elaboraciones hidrodinámicas e hidroquímicas y evaluación de las disponibilidades hídricas, para formular un modelo de comportamiento que permita sobre la base de las comparaciones, reproducir los mecanismos actuantes en los subsistemas acuíferos. Se incluye la determinación de la vulnerabilidad de acuíferos en la comarca. Especial importancia se otorga a la cultura de uso del agua para riego, ya que mientras en Argentina existe una tradición en arroz, trigo y soja basado en el recurso hídrico subterráneo, en Uruguay recién se está desarrollando y requiere para su expansión sustentable la evaluación cuali-cuantitativa y propuesta de manejo eficaz, basada en la experiencia y el conocimiento sistémico.A research program is presented based on the Agreement signed between the Faculties of Natural Sciences UNLP (Argentina) and Sciences UDELAR (Uruguay), for the comprehensive geohydrological study of the lower basin of the Uruguay River, shared between both countries. The area involved is approximately 8,500 km2, stretched along the river between the cities of Colón-Paysandú and Carmelo. It is carried out under the paradigm of comparative geohydrology, since the recharge of the system is the same in the territory of the two banks, the behavior of the river is winning, the underground hydrochemical characteristics are similar, but the geology and conformation The physics of the aquifer system differ, as does the agricultural application of groundwater. The program proposes the resolution of a water balance based on information from Uruguayan and Argentine recording stations, geological and geohydrological survey, sampling, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical elaborations and evaluation of water availability, to formulate a behavior model that allows, on the basis of from the comparisons, reproduce the mechanisms acting in the aquifer subsystems. The determination of the vulnerability of aquifers in the region is included. Special importance is given to the culture of water use for irrigation, since while in Argentina there is a tradition in rice, wheat and soybeans based on groundwater resources, in Uruguay it is just being developed and requires a qualitative evaluation for its sustainable expansion. -quantitative and effective management proposal, based on experience and systemic knowledge.Fil: Hernández, Mario Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Montaño, Jorge J.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gonzalez, Nilda. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Collazo, Paula. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Trovatto, Maria Marta. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Lisandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Maria del Pilar. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montaño, Mauricio. Universidad de la República; Urugua

El Programa de geohidrología comparada en la cuenca inferior del rio Uruguay (Argentina-Uruguay)

Se presenta un Programa de investigación basado en el Convenio suscripto entre las facultades de Ciencias Naturales UNLP (Argentina) y de Ciencias UDELAR (Uruguay), para el estudio geohidrológico integral de la cuenca inferior del río Uruguay, compartida entre ambos países. El área involucrada es de aproximadamente 8500 km2, elongada según el río entre las ciudades de Colón-Paysandú y Carmelo. Se lleva a cabo bajo el paradigma de la geohidrología comparada, a partir de que la recarga del sistema es la misma en el territorio de las dos márgenes, el comportamiento del río es ganador, las características hidroquímicas subterráneas son semejantes, pero la geología y conformación física del sistema acuífero difieren, al igual que la aplicación agrícola del agua subterránea. El programa plantea la resolución de un balance hídrico basado en información procedente de estaciones de registro uruguayas y argentinas, relevamiento geológico y geohidrológico, muestreo, elaboraciones hidrodinámicas e hidroquímicas y evaluación de las disponibilidades hídricas, para formular un modelo de comportamiento que permita sobre la base de las comparaciones, reproducir los mecanismos actuantes en los subsistemas acuíferos. Se incluye la determinación de la vulnerabilidad de acuíferos en la comarca. Especial importancia se otorga a la cultura de uso del agua para riego, ya que mientras en Argentina existe una tradición en arroz, trigo y soja basado en el recurso hídrico subterráneo, en Uruguay recién se está desarrollando y requiere para su expansión sustentable la evaluación cuali-cuantitativa y propuesta de manejo eficaz, basada en la experiencia y el conocimiento sistémico.A research program is presented based on the Agreement signed between the Faculties of Natural Sciences UNLP (Argentina) and Sciences UDELAR (Uruguay), for the comprehensive geohydrological study of the lower basin of the Uruguay River, shared between both countries. The area involved is approximately 8,500 km2, stretched along the river between the cities of Colón-Paysandú and Carmelo. It is carried out under the paradigm of comparative geohydrology, since the recharge of the system is the same in the territory of the two banks, the behavior of the river is winning, the underground hydrochemical characteristics are similar, but the geology and conformation The physics of the aquifer system differ, as does the agricultural application of groundwater. The program proposes the resolution of a water balance based on information from Uruguayan and Argentine recording stations, geological and geohydrological survey, sampling, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical elaborations and evaluation of water availability, to formulate a behavior model that allows, on the basis of from the comparisons, reproduce the mechanisms acting in the aquifer subsystems. The determination of the vulnerability of aquifers in the region is included. Special importance is given to the culture of water use for irrigation, since while in Argentina there is a tradition in rice, wheat and soybeans based on groundwater resources, in Uruguay it is just being developed and requires a qualitative evaluation for its sustainable expansion. -quantitative and effective management proposal, based on experience and systemic knowledge.Fil: Hernández, Mario Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Montaño, Jorge J.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gonzalez, Nilda. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Collazo, Paula. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Trovatto, Maria Marta. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Lisandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Maria del Pilar. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Montaño, Mauricio. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p &lt; 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p &lt; 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013

Validation and utility of ARDS subphenotypes identified by machine-learning models using clinical data: an observational, multicohort, retrospective analysis

BackgroundTwo acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotypes (hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory) with distinct clinical and biological features and differential treatment responses have been identified using latent class analysis (LCA) in seven individual cohorts. To facilitate bedside identification of subphenotypes, clinical classifier models using readily available clinical variables have been described in four randomised controlled trials. We aimed to assess the performance of these models in observational cohorts of ARDS.MethodsIn this observational, multicohort, retrospective study, we validated two machine-learning clinical classifier models for assigning ARDS subphenotypes in two observational cohorts of patients with ARDS: Early Assessment of Renal and Lung Injury (EARLI; n=335) and Validating Acute Lung Injury Markers for Diagnosis (VALID; n=452), with LCA-derived subphenotypes as the gold standard. The primary model comprised only vital signs and laboratory variables, and the secondary model comprised all predictors in the primary model, with the addition of ventilatory variables and demographics. Model performance was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots, and assigning subphenotypes using a probability cutoff value of 0·5 to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assignments. We also assessed the performance of the primary model in EARLI using data automatically extracted from an electronic health record (EHR; EHR-derived EARLI cohort). In Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE; n=2813), a multinational, observational ARDS cohort, we applied a custom classifier model (with fewer variables than the primary model) to determine the prognostic value of the subphenotypes and tested their interaction with the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strategy, with 90-day mortality as the dependent variable.FindingsThe primary clinical classifier model had an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0·92 (95% CI 0·90-0·95) in EARLI and 0·88 (0·84-0·91) in VALID. Performance of the primary model was similar when using exclusively EHR-derived predictors compared with manually curated predictors (AUC=0·88 [95% CI 0·81-0·94] vs 0·92 [0·88-0·97]). In LUNG SAFE, 90-day mortality was higher in patients assigned the hyperinflammatory subphenotype than in those with the hypoinflammatory phenotype (414 [57%] of 725 vs 694 [33%] of 2088; p&lt;0·0001). There was a significant treatment interaction with PEEP strategy and ARDS subphenotype (p=0·041), with lower 90-day mortality in the high PEEP group of patients with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (hyperinflammatory subphenotype: 169 [54%] of 313 patients in the high PEEP group vs 127 [62%] of 205 patients in the low PEEP group; hypoinflammatory subphenotype: 231 [34%] of 675 patients in the high PEEP group vs 233 [32%] of 734 patients in the low PEEP group).InterpretationClassifier models using clinical variables alone can accurately assign ARDS subphenotypes in observational cohorts. Application of these models can provide valuable prognostic information and could inform management strategies for personalised treatment, including application of PEEP, once prospectively validated.FundingUS National Institutes of Health and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: "AbSeS", a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). METHODS: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. CONCLUSION: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection.status: publishe

Antimicrobial Lessons From a Large Observational Cohort on Intra-abdominal Infections in Intensive Care Units

evere intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed.Severe intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by diseasespecific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed