849 research outputs found

    Functional activity of seaweed extracts from the north portuguese coast

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    A utilização de algas marinhas como fontes potenciais de compostos nutracêuticos e farmacêuticos tem aumentado recentemente devido à constatação de que estas contêm compostos bioactivos, com actividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana (entre outras actividades), que podem inibir o crescimento de algumas bactérias contaminantes e/ou patogénicas e de leveduras prevenindo a deterioração de alimentos ou a infecção ou contribuindo mesmo para o seu melhor controlo. O litoral português alberga uma grande biodiversidade no que concerne a algas marinhas, porém muitas encontram-se por caracterizar em termos de propriedades funcionais. Neste contexto, o objectivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um procedimento melhorado para a obtenção de extractos de algas marinhas e testar a sua actividade antimicrobiana contra espécies selecionadas de leveduras, bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas, bem como a sua actividade antioxidante. Para tentativamente atestar o seu comportamento, os perfis lipídico e fenólico foram testados. As algas utilizadas neste estudo, incluindo as de aquacultura integrada e as de habitat natural, foram obtidas no Norte de Portugal. A alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla foi usada para os ensaios de optimização do processo de extracção, enquanto as Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Porphyra dioica e Chondrus crispus foram utilizadas para os ensaios de actividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Os estudos de optimização centraram-se na definição dos pré-tratamentos (secagem) e da temperatura a utilizar durante o processo de extracção. Os resultados revelaram que os organismos testados foram mais sensíveis aos extractos obtidos com algas secas, continuamente processados a temperaturas mais elevadas. Posteriormente, extratos obtidos com três diferentes solventes (acetato de etilo, éter dietílico e metanol:água) foram testados. No que diz respeito à avaliação da actividade antimicrobiana, as espécies testadas incluíram (i) bactérias Gram negativas - Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (ii) bactérias Gram positivas – Listeria innocua, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus brevis, Staphylococcus aureus, todas de origem alimentar, e uma estirpe de Staphylococcus aureus de origem clínica, e (iii) a levedura Candida spp. também de origem clinica. Os testes para avaliar a actividade antimicrobiana dos extractos foram realizados utilizando o método de difusão em agar e os resultados indicaram uma forte actividade antimicrobiana dos extractos de acetato de etilo, quando comparado com os extractos de metanol e éter dietílico e mostraram uma tendência fraca para a inibição de microrganismos Gram positivos. O perfil de ácidos gordos de extractos de acetato de etilo revelou uma predominância de ácidos gordos saturados (SFA), especialmente o acido palmítico (16:0), seguido por ácidos gordos polinsaturados (PUFA) e ácidos gordos monoinsaturados (MUFA) e mostrou um teor mais elevado de ácidos gordos em G. vermiculophylla e P. dioica de aquacultura. Tendo em conta os resultados obtidos para a actividade antioxidante, foi demonstrado que os extractos metanólicos apresentaram actividade mais elevada quando comparada com os outros solventes testados. O perfil fenólico revelou que os extractos metanólicos mostraram quantidades mais elevadas de compostos fenólicos, tais como catequinas e ácido protocatecuico, o que pode indiciar o seu papel na actividade antioxidante.The use of marine algae as potential sources of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds has been increasing recently, due to the realization that they contain bioactive compounds, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (among others), which could inhibit the growth of some contaminant and/or pathogenic bacteria and yeasts, preventing food spoilage or infection and even contributing to its better control. The Portuguese coastline is home to a great diversity in terms of seaweed however, many of them are not yet characterized in terms of functional properties. In this context, the aim of this work was to establish an improved procedure for obtaining extracts from marine algae and to test its antimicrobial activity against selected species of yeasts, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was also assayed. Finally, an in order to correlate between the composition of the extracts and its bioactivity, their characterization was tentatively established through the determination of lipidic and phenolic profiles. Seaweeds used in this study including those from integrated aquaculture and from their natural habitat, were obtained in the North of Portugal. Gracilaria vermiculophylla was used for the assays of optimization of the extraction procedure, whereas Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Porphyra dioica and Chondrus crispus were used for antimicrobial and antioxidant assays. Optimization studies were focused on the definition of the pre-treatments of the algae (drying) and the temperature used during the extraction process. Results revealed that test organisms were more sensitive to extracts obtained with dried algae, continuously processed at higher temperatures. Subsequently, extracts obtained with three different solvents (ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and methanol:water) were tested. Concerning antimicrobial capacity evaluation, species tested included (i) Gram negative bacteria – Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (ii) Gram positive bacteria – Listeria innocua, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus brevis, Staphylococcus aureus, all from food origin and a strain of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical origin and (iii) the yeast Candida spp. from clinical origin as well. Tests to assess the antimicrobial activity of the extracts were performed using the agar diffusion method, and results indicated a stronger antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extracts when comparing with the diethyl ether and methanolic ones, and a weak tendency for inhibition of Gram positive microorganisms. The fatty acid profile of ethyl acetate extracts revealed a predominance of saturated fatty acids (SFA), especially palmitic acid (16:0), followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and showed a higher content of fatty acids on aquaculture extracts in Gracilaria vermiculophylla and Porphyra dioica. Taking into account the results for antioxidant activity tested with the ABTS•+ method, it was shown that methanolic extracts had highest activity when compared to the other solvents tested. The phenolic profile revealed that these extracts had highest amounts of phenolic compounds such as catechin and protocatechuic acid, which could take a role in the antioxidant activity

    O desenvolvimento de competências ortográficas e as interacções sociais

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    Este artigo descreve um trabalho desenvolvido com crianças do 2.” ano de escolaridade, sobre o papel das interacções sociais na escrita de palavras orientadas por uma regra ortográfica e de palavras não orientadas por uma regra ortográfica. Verificámos que o funcionamento interactivo das díades se assumiu como um importante meio de aprendizagem e domínio da escrita. Verificámos também que estas crianças não só explicitaram mais facilmente a escrita de palavras orientadas por uma regra ortográfica, como também evoluíram mais nestes casos, interiorizando a regra e aplicando de forma mais eficaz.ABSTRACT: This paper describes a study carried out with second grade children on the role of social interactions in the writing of words driven by both the existence and absence of spelling rules. The results showed that the interactive functioning of dyads was an important mean in both the apprenticeship and the mastering of writing. They also showed that in the case of written words in the presence of spelling rules, it was easier for the children to justify the way they wrote. They also made less mistakes and more progresses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    FALSE ANEURYSMS OF THE RENAL ARTERY: IS IT A KNOWN DIAGNOSIS IN THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY?

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    Introdução: Os falsos aneurismas da artéria renal são maioritariamente causados por lesões iatrogénicas ou por trauma renal. A incidência destes está a aumentar devido ao incremento do uso de procedimentos minimamente invasivos n o tratamento da patologia renal e, consequente aumento das lesões iatrogénicas. Devido à natureza da parede, estes apresentam um alto risco de rutura e, portanto, devem ser diagnosticados e tratados precocemente. Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência do Departamento de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do CHUP na abordagem dos falsos aneurismas da artéria renal. Métodos e materiais: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospetiva com recurso aos registos clínicos e imagiológicos de 20 pacientes com diagnóstico de falsos aneurismas da artéria renal entre 2010 a 2018. Resultados: Em 95% dos casos a etiologia foi iatrogénica. Todos os pacientes apresentaram-se sintomáticos, 85% com hematúria macroscópica. O tempo médio entre a lesão e a manifestação clínica foi de 4,5 dias. O tratamento realizado em todos os casos consistiu na embolização da artéria alimentadora. O tempo entre a lesão e o tratamento foi de 18,1 dias. A taxa de salvamento do rim foi de 95%. Discussão/Conclusão: Neste estudo, a principal etiologia e a técnica cirúrgica utilizada estão de acordo com a literatura publicada. Esta taxa de salvamento do rim, reforça que o tratamento endovascular é um método eficaz. Embora não haja referências publicadas na literatura que permitam a comparação, neste estudo observou-se que o tempo entre a lesão e o tratamento foi elevado, o que se traduz num diagnóstico tardio. Neste sentido, a consciencialização dos urologistas em relação a esta complicação é extremamente importante

    Prevalência da automedicação na população estudantil do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança

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    A automedicação é uma prática habitual nos dias de hoje, sendo definida como uma forma comum de auto-atenção à saúde, consistindo no consumo de um produto sem prescrição médica. Este estudo teve como objectivo determinar a prevalência da automedicação nos alunos que frequentam o ensino superior público no Distrito de Bragança. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário durante o mês de Novembro de 2008. A amostra é constituída por 225 indivíduos, de uma população total de 4168 alunos. Os dados foram sujeitos a tratamento estatístico através do programa SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). A prevalência da automedicação é de 90,7% e destes apenas 117 (57,4%) têm conhecimentos sobre os efeitos adversos dos medicamentos. As principais razões que levaram à automedicação foram as dores em geral, principalmente, a dor de cabeça; a febre; as tonturas e o sono. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram o Paracetamol (Ben-u-ron) e o Ibuprofeno (Brufen). The self-medication is a normal practice today, defined as a common form of self-health care, consisting in the consumption of a product without a medical prescription. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-medication level in the Braganza Polytechnic Institute student’s population. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a probabilistic sample including 225 individuals, from a total population of 4168 students, during November 2008. The data collected were treated with the statistical software SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The level of self-medication was 90,7% and, of these, only 57,4% have the knowledge about the adverse effects. The main reason which led to self-medication was pain, mostly headache, fever, dizziness and sleep, and the drugs generally used were Paracetamol (Ben-u-ron) and Ibuprofeno (Brufen)

    Nutritional knowledge and calcium intake on health professionals

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    It is demonstrated that a better knowledge leads to better eating habits but there are no studies on the relation between NK* and calcium intake. Verify if calcium intake of health professionals is influenced by their NK. 103 workers of the three Hospitals of Oporto filled two previously validated questionnaires Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire(GNKQ) and a questionnaire about Socio-demographic data. The relation between NK and calcium intake was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Individuals that had a calcium intake within DRI’s** had a significantly higher score in GNKQ Total Score and in the Section It appears that NK influences calcium DRIs compliance in health professionals

    Time-Lagged Correlation Analysis of Shellfish Toxicity Reveals Predictive Links to Adjacent Areas, Species, and Environmental Conditions

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    This work was funded by the project “MATISSE: A machine learning-based forecasting system for shellfish safety” (DSAIPA/DS/0026/2019). The work was also supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) with references CEECINST/00102/2018, CEECIND/01399/2017, UIDB/04326/2020, UIDP/04326/2020 and LA/P/0101/2020 (CCMAR), UIDB/04516/2020 (NOVA LINCS), UIDB/00297/2020 (NovaMath), and UIDB/50021/2020 (INESC-ID). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 951970 (OLISSIPO project).Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is an acute intoxication caused by the consumption of contaminated shellfish, which is common in many regions of the world. To safeguard human health, most countries implement programs focused on the surveillance of toxic phytoplankton abundance and shellfish toxicity levels, an effort that can be complemented by a deeper understanding of the underlying phenomena. In this work, we identify patterns of seasonality in shellfish toxicity across the Portuguese coast and analyse time-lagged correlations between this toxicity and various potential risk factors. We extend the understanding of these relations through the introduction of temporal lags, allowing the analysis of time series at different points in time and the study of the predictive power of the tested variables. This study confirms previous findings about toxicity seasonality patterns on the Portuguese coast and provides further quantitative data about the relations between shellfish toxicity and geographical location, shellfish species, toxic phytoplankton abundances, and environmental conditions. Furthermore, multiple pairs of areas and shellfish species are identified as having correlations high enough to allow for a predictive analysis. These results represent the first step towards understanding the dynamics of DSP toxicity in Portuguese shellfish producing areas, such as temporal and spatial variability, and towards the development of a shellfish safety forecasting system.publishersversionpublishe

    Prevalence of serological inability of blood donors in regional blood center of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais

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    Objective: to estimate the prevalence of disability serological of blood donors at the Regional Blood Center of Montes Claros, in the period 2009 to 2013. Methods: this is a transversal study, exploratory, through retrospective data collection, involving 2.101 donors unfit serologically. The study was approved by the CEP of Hemominas Foundation 381/2014. Results: of the 82.743 candidates suitable for blood collection, 2.101 (2,5%) had reactive serologic tests, but only 1.434 (1,9%) confirmed the result through the 2nd sample collection. Among the diseases investigated, there was the following distribution prevalence of hepatitis B (anti-HBc) donors with 0,77% about the total of suitable, syphilis (0,41%), Chagas (0,40%), and others showed values below 0,08%. Conclusion: we concluded that in comparison with other studies, it was found that the prevalence of disability in our blood bank serological is similar, showing that the measures taken are safe

    Relato de caso: suspeita clínica e diagnóstico de síndrome nefrótica em paciente adulto em pronto-socorro

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    A Síndrome Nefrótica é caracterizada pela presença de proteinúria maciça (maior que 3.5g/1,73m² em 24 horas), hipoalbuminemia (<3g/dL) e edema periférico, podendo ser acompanhada também por hiperlipidemia e hipercoagulabilidade. Pode ser decorrente de condições primárias ou associada a doenças sistêmicas. Em pacientes adultos, cerca de 30% apresentam doenças sistêmicas concomitantes; o restante está relacionado a alterações primárias dos rins. A evolução dessa síndrome depende de qual glomerulopatia está envolvida, o que determina a possibilidade de resposta ao tratamento e o risco de evolução para doença renal crônica (DRC).

    Non-compacted myocardium in an adult with acute neurological deficit in the Emergency Department: a case report

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    Non-Compacted Myocardium (NCM) is an uncommon cardiac condition with a genetic predisposition, often characterized by trabeculae and distinct myocardial layers. This case report discusses a 59-year-old hypertensive, diabetic male with acute neurological symptoms. Diagnosed with an ischemic stroke, subsequent investigations revealed features indicative of NCM. Confirmatory Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) and echocardiography were pivotal for diagnosis. The patient received specialized outpatient follow-up, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment. This report contributes to the understanding of NCM's diverse clinical presentations and underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for effective patient care

    Nutritional knowledge and calcium intake of health professionals

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    It has been demonstrated that greater nutritional knowledge leads to better eating habits, but there are no studies on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and calcium intake. To verify if the calcium intake of health professionals is influenced by their nutritional knowledge. 103 workers from three Oporto hospitals completed two previously validated questionnaires: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire(GNKQ) and a questionnaire about socio-demographic data. The relation between nutritional knowledge and calcium intake was analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Individuals who had a calcium intake within DRI’s* had a significantly higher score in GNKQ Total Score and in the Section 2. It appears that nutritional knowledge influences calcium DRIs compliance in health professionals
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