Protección de los derechos de los usuarios de servicios financieros

Abstract: A partir de la Crisis Subprime en los Estados Unidos y Europa  los organismos internacionales consideraron que la estabilidad financiera se podría lograr reforzando los capitales de las entidades financieras y estableciendo medidas protectivas de los consumidores financieros y la alfabetización financiera. En nuestro país la protección específica de los derechos de los usuarios financieros no se incorporó en la legislación de fondo aunque mucho avanzó el Banco Central de la República Argentina (Autoridad de Aplicación) en la materia. Palabras-clave: Derechos Consumidores Financieros -Educación Financiera   Abstract: After the Subprime Crise in the United States and Europe, International Bodies considered that financial stability could be achieved by strenghening the capital of financial entities and by establishing protective measures of financial consumers and by developing financial literacy. In our country there is not a specific law to protect financial consumers but the Banco Central de la República Argentina (Enforcement Authority) has made considerable progress at those regulations. Key words: Financial Consumer Protection - Financial Educatio

¡ADIÓS A LOS DEBENTURES!

Resumen: El análisis se basa en la impracticabilidad de los debentures, figura que nunca fue utilizada y no lo será, por lo cual sería una perfecta oportunidad desterrarla del Anteproyecto de la Ley General de Sociedades (ALGS), especialmente existiendo una Ley de Obligaciones Negociables No 23.576 (LON) más versátil y moderna. Se comparan ambas normas haciendo hincapié en las ventajas comparativas de las LON y las modificaciones que serían propicias para complementar las disposiciones vigentes. Palabras Claves: Debentures, Anteproyecto de la Ley General de Sociedades, Fideicomiso Corporativo, Ley de Obligaciones Negociables   Abstract: The analysis is based on debentures impracticability, it is a figure that was never used and will NOT be, so it would be a perfect opportunity to banish it from the Draft Corporations Law (DCL), especially when there is a Negotiable Obligations Law No 23.576 (NOL) more versatile and modern. Both standards are compared focusing on the comparative advantages of the LONs and neccesaries modifications to complement existing provisions. Key Words: Debentures, Draft Corporations Law, Corporate Trust, Negotiable Obligaciones La

Slinky Inflation

We present a new approach to quintessential inflation, in which both dark energy and inflation are explained by the evolution of a single scalar field. We start from a simple scalar potential with both oscillatory and exponential behavior. We employ the conventional reheating mechanism of new inflation, in which the scalar decays to light fermions with a decay width that is proportional to the scalar mass. Because our scalar mass is proportional to the Hubble rate, this gives adequate reheating at early times while shutting off at late times to preserve quintessence and satisfy nucleosynthesis constraints. We discuss a simple model which solves the horizon, flatness, and "why now" problems. Without any additional tuning of parameters, this model satisfies all constraints from CMB, large scale structure, and nucleosynthesis. The predictions for the inflationary spectral indices are n_S = n_T = 1. In this model we are currently beginning the third cosmic epoch of accelerated expansion.Comment: 5 pages, 2 color figures, 1 tabl

Quintessence, inflation and baryogenesis from a single pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson

We exhibit a model in which a single pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson explains dark energy, inflation and baryogenesis. The model predicts correlated signals in future collider experiments, WIMP searches, proton decay experiments, dark energy probes, and the PLANCK satellite CMB measurements.Comment: 16 pages, 3 color figure

Chemiluminescence determination of antioxidant property of Zizyphus mistol and Prosopis alba during oxidative stress generated in blood by Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-producing Escherichia coli

This study was undertaken to elucidate the antioxidant effect of Zizyphus mistol and Prosopis alba, with the hypothesis that these fruits can counteract the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by toxins produced by Escherichia coli. In the search of nutrients effective against the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), we detected by chemiluminescence a protective role of both plants, due to their natural antioxidants significantly decreasing the levels of ROS induced by toxins from E. coli in blood. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was found to be higher in Z. mistol than in P. alba. The chemical analyses of the phenols and flavonoids present in the fruit extracts indicated that the FRAP correlated with the amount of phenolic compounds, but not with the flavonoids analyzed. Both fruits studied reduce the induction of ROS, and in this way help to prevent the development of complications related to oxidative stress generated in the blood of patients with HUS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Fil: Albrecht, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Pellarin, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnol.conicet - Córdoba. Oficina de Vinculación Tecnologica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Baronetti, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Albesa, Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Eraso, Alberto Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentin

Effect of forage aqueous extracts on Glycine max L. Merr., Zea mays L. and Bidens pilosa L.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential allelopathic effects of isolated or intercropped aqueous forage extracts on the physiological performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seeds, as well as their phytotoxicity to the weed species Bidens pilosa L. Aqueous extracts were prepared at a concentration of 5%, and the tests with soy and corn were conducted by wetting the germination papers with different treatments and performing procedures within the standards of the Brazilian Rules of Seed Analysis. Tests with the cover plant extracts on the seeds of B. pilosa used BOD-type repetitions. Fifty weed seeds were placed in a gerbox with filter paper moistened with the different treatments with five repetitions. Distilled water was used as the control in all tests. Extracts of Avena strigosa Schreb and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), cultivated individually and in combination, increased the seed germination percentage (%G) and the length of soybean seedlings. Similarly, extracts of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br and Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, in individual and combined cultivation, provided gains in corn %G. Furthermore, all tested extracts suppressed germination and decreased the speed of the germination index of the hairy beggarticks when compared to the control, with the radish extract showing the greater reduction effect on the %G of the weed plant B. pilosa. Highlights: The use of Crotalaria as a cover crop has a positive effect on the initial growth of corn. The use of black oat and forage radish intercropped had the potential to increase soybean yield. The use of cover crops contributes to the integrated management of weeds. The choice of cover plant is important for the success of crop rotation.The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential allelopathic effects of isolated or intercropped aqueous forage extracts on the physiological performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seeds, as well as their phytotoxicity to the weed species Bidens pilosa L. Aqueous extracts were prepared at a concentration of 5%, and the tests with soy and corn were conducted by wetting the germination papers with different treatments and performing procedures within the standards of the Brazilian Rules of Seed Analysis. Tests with the cover plant extracts on the seeds of B. pilosa used BOD-type repetitions. Fifty weed seeds were placed in a gerbox with filter paper moistened with the different treatments with five repetitions. Distilled water was used as the control in all tests. Extracts of Avena strigosa Schreb and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), cultivated individually and in combination, increased the seed germination percentage (%G) and the length of soybean seedlings. Similarly, extracts of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br and Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, in individual and combined cultivation, provided gains in corn %G. Furthermore, all tested extracts suppressed germination and decreased the speed of the germination index of the hairy beggarticks when compared to the control, with the radish extract showing the greater reduction effect on the %G of the weed plant B. pilosa. Highlights: The use of Crotalaria as a cover crop has a positive effect on the initial growth of corn. The use of black oat and forage radish intercropped had the potential to increase soybean yield. The use of cover crops contributes to the integrated management of weeds. The choice of cover plant is important for the success of crop rotation

FERTILIZANTES FOLIARES, REGULADOR DE CRESCIMENTO E GLYPHOSATE NO CRESCIMENTO VEGETATIVO DA SOJA TOLERANTE AO GLYPHOSATE

The present work has the objective of measure the performance of the soybean submitted to doses of glyphosate, as well as the association of products to the herbicide, aiming the process of reversion of the phytotoxic effect in soybean RR2. The experiment was conducted in November of 2015 to January of 2016, in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Paraná - Palotina Sector. The cultivar was a Monsoy 6210 IPRO® in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Plants were submitted to the herbicide glyphosate in a dose of 0, 720, 1440, 2160 and 2880 g a.e. ha -1 and doses of glyphosate in combination with the products growth regulator, in a dose of 250ml ha-1,manganese and a aminoacids compound (1L ha-1) Plant chlorophyll index, dry matter of roots and aerial part, and visual note of phytotoxicity was evalueted, which was determined by assigning notes representing a percentage of damaged leaf area. The data were submitted to a variance analysis and a test of rate comparation was used (Tukey) and were submitted to a linear regression test for the dose test (p≤0.05). It was observed that in the cultivar adopted, in its circumstances of this experiment, the manganese and the growth regulator were effective in the evaluation of the visual note of phytointoxication. In dry mass of roots and aerial part there was no significant difference between treatments.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da soja submetida a doses de glyphosate, bem como os efeitos de associações de produtos ao herbicida, visando o processo de reversão do efeito fitotóxico na soja RR2. O experimento foi conduzido entre novembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016, em casa de vegetação situada na Universidade Federal do Paraná – Setor Palotina. A cultivar utilizada foi a Monsoy 6210 IPRO®, delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As plantas foram submetidas a aplicação de glyphosate nas doses 0, 720, 1440, 2160 e 2880 g e.a. ha-1 e doses de glyphosate em associação com os produtos: regulador de crescimento vegetal (cinetina 0,09 g L-1, ácido giberélico 0,05 g L-1 e ácido 4-indol-3-butílico 0,05 g L-1) na dose 250ml ha-1, manganês (Mn na forma de um quelato de aminoácido, 62,5 g L-1) na dose de 1L, e o composto de aminoácidos (hidrolisado proteico, ácido fosfórico, hidróxido de potássio e água, 1L ha-1). A aplicação foi realizada no estágio V4 da cultura. Foi avaliado índice de clorofila das plantas, matéria seca de parte aérea e raiz, e nota visual de fitointoxicação, que foi determinada através da atribuição de notas que representavam a porcentagem de área foliar danificada. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância, e quando houve significância, foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey (p≤0,05) e análise de regressão para o fator dose. Observou-se que para cultivar adotada, nas condições deste experimento que o manganês e o biorregulador foram eficientes na avaliação de nota visual de fitointoxicação. Para as variáveis matéria seca de raiz e parte aérea das plantas, não foi observada diferença entre os manejos de reversão.&nbsp

The dark side of curvature

Geometrical tests such as the combination of the Hubble parameter H(z) and the angular diameter distance d_A(z) can, in principle, break the degeneracy between the dark energy equation of state parameter w(z), and the spatial curvature Omega_k in a direct, model-independent way. In practice, constraints on these quantities achievable from realistic experiments, such as those to be provided by Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) galaxy surveys in combination with CMB data, can resolve the cosmic confusion between the dark energy equation of state parameter and curvature only statistically and within a parameterized model for w(z). Combining measurements of both H(z) and d_A(z) up to sufficiently high redshifts around z = 2 and employing a parameterization of the redshift evolution of the dark energy equation of state are the keys to resolve the w(z)-Omega_k degeneracy.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures. Minor changes, matches version accepted in JCA

Self-accelerating solutions of scalar-tensor gravity

Scalar-tensor gravity is the simplest and best understood modification of general relativity, consisting of a real scalar field coupled directly to the Ricci scalar curvature. Models of this type have self-accelerating solutions. In an example inspired by string dilaton couplings, scalar-tensor gravity coupled to ordinary matter exhibits a de Sitter type expansion, even in the presence of a {\it negative} cosmological constant whose magnitude exceeds that of the matter density. This unusual behavior does not require phantoms, ghosts or other exotic sources. More generally, we show that any expansion history can be interpreted as arising partly or entirely from scalar-tensor gravity. To distinguish any quintessence or inflation model from its scalar-tensor variants, we use the fact that scalar-tensor models imply deviations of the post-Newtonian parameters of general relativity, and time variation of the Newton's gravitational coupling $G$. We emphasize that next-generation probes of modified GR and the time variation of $G$ are an essential complement to dark energy probes based on luminosity-distance measurements.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Coleman-Weinberg inflation in light of Planck

We revisit a single field inflationary model based on Coleman-Weinberg potentials. We show that in small field Coleman-Weinberg inflation, the observed amplitude of perturbations needs an extremely small quartic coupling of the inflaton, which might be a signature of radiative origin. However, the spectral index obtained in a standard cosmological scenario turns out to be outside the 2 sigma region of the Planck data. When a non-standard cosmological framework is invoked, such as brane-world cosmology in the Randall-Sundrum model, the spectral index can be made consistent with Planck data within 1 sigma, courtesy of the modification in the evolution of the Hubble parameter in such a scheme. We also show that the required inflaton quartic coupling as well as a phenomenologically viable B-L symmetry breaking together with a natural electroweak symmetry breaking can arise dynamically in a generalized B-L extension of the Standard Model where the full potential is assumed to vanish at a high scale