DESARROLLO DE LA INDUSTRIA A TRAVÉS DE LA INGENIERÍA EN EL SECTOR GANADERO

El objetivo principal del proyecto fue investigar cómo hacer más eficiente la ganadería lechera en el trópico de Honduras, analizando factores raciales, alimenticios y del manejo vacuno de una hacienda para obtener una producción más rentable a un menor costo. La hacienda lechera que sirvió de estudio para esta investigación está situada en Mezapita, Arizona zona del litoral atlántico de Honduras. Por medio de las entrevistas realizadas a expertos se obtuvieron datos relevantes que permitieron la aplicación de herramientas como el método de ponderación de factores y la programación lineal, favoreciendo la toma de decisiones acertada y la minimización de costos que fueron desarrolladas en la investigación. Se determinó mediante el método de factores ponderados la raza ideal para el trópico, así como la mezcla óptima de alimento utilizando el programa POM QM para obtener un costo mínimo. Asímismo se analizó un método de pastoreo moderno que permite el rendimiento del ganado

Estrategias lúdicas utilizadas por los docentes para el desarrollo de las habilidades de autonomía personal en los educandos con discapacidad visual, en el Centro de Educación Especial Melania Morales, municipio de Managua, durante el primer semestre del año 2019

El presente documento es el resultado de la investigación sobre “Estrategias lúdicas utilizadas por los docentes en el PEA, para el desarrollo de las habilidades de autonomía personal en los educandos con discapacidad visual”, en el Centro de Educación Especial Melania Morales, municipio de Managua, durante el primer semestre del año 2019. Para llevar a cabo este proceso de investigación con enfoque cualitativo, tipo descriptivo, en la que se analizan las estrategias lúdicas utilizadas por los docentes del área de discapacidad visual, para el desarrollo de las habilidades de autonomía personal de los educandos. Reconocemos la importancia de la autonomía personal en las personas con discapacidad visual, la autonomía en su sentido estricto les permite construirse como sujetos activos y participativos en nuestra sociedad, seres que sienten, piensan y crean, construyéndose desde la escuela donde se preparan para la vida, fomentándose la comunicación entre pares y con personas adultas, incluidos en espacios socioculturales, donde adquieren herramientas para distinguirse como un sujeto individual y social. El análisis de los resultados lo obtuvimos a partir de la puesta en práctica de los instrumentos utilizados y el análisis e interpretación de estos, durante el transcurso de la investigación, obteniendo resultados importantes, para mejorar las practicas pedagógicas con ayuda de las estrategias lúdicas, que permitirán un aprendizaje significativo en la adquisición de habilidades de autonomía personal, que perduran toda su vida, iniciándose desde temprana edad y manteniéndolas y perfeccionando durante su vida escolar y empleadas durante toda su vida. Palabras claves: estrategias lúdicas, autonomía personal, PE

Penile Calciphylaxis in an End Stage Renal Disease patient.

Background: Penile Calciphylaxis occurs in about 1–4% of hemodialysis patients worldwide. Associated mortality rates are very high, and hyperparathyroidism is the second most frequently associated disorder. Addressing the resulting metabolic imbalance, and surgical intervention guided by findings of radiological studies may improve quality of life. The pathogenesis is thought to be mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells which differentiate into osteoblast-like cells. Decrease in vascular calcification inhibitory proteins fetuin-A and matrix Gla is found in patients on dialysis causing systemic medial calcification of arterioles, leading to epidermal ischemia, tissue infarction, and ulceration. Case presentation: 47-year-old male with history of coronary arterial disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and end stage renal disease on dialysis presented with penile pain. Onset was 1.5 months earlier. Patient was evaluated multiple times, resulting in several antibiotic cycles without much perceived improvement. On presentation patient’s vital signs were unremarkable. Genitourinary exam showed a penis with a necrotic center around the urethral meatus opening and white ischemic patches on the glans. Additionally, darkened penis shaft and ulcerative foreskin lesions were visible. Parathyroid hormone and phosphorus were elevated, 480 pg/mL and 5.1 mg/dL respectively. CT scan of the abdomen showed calcification along the shaft of the penis and glans. The patient started antibiotic therapy, pain management, cinacalcet and a trial of sodium thiosulfate. Total penectomy and suprapubic catheter placement were done successfully. Pathology report confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Because penile calciphylaxis is a metabolically mediated progressive disease, systemic treatment is vital in attempting to slow its progression. These do little to address the pain and urinary retention from necrosis, so the need of a wider and proximal resection, which also helps foster better wound healing. This case illustrates the importance of a prompt and accurate diagnosis of penile calciphylaxis, and management of its systemic manifestation

Yorba Times: Standing Up, Speaking Out

During the Spring 2018 semester, Dr. Noah Asher Golden\u27s Teaching of Writing K-12 students partnered with the Journalism class at Yorba Academy for the Arts. Through collaboration over a four-month period, Chapman\u27s future teachers and Yorba\u27s junior high journalists engaged a deep writing process to write a series of features, editorials, and news articles related to a number of global issues. Thank you to Ms. Andrea Lopez, Ms. Kori Shelton, Mr. Nick Sepulveda, Ms. Tracy Knibb, and the Lloyd E. and Elisabeth H. Klein Family Foundation for supporting this project.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/yorba-chapman/1003/thumbnail.jp

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. METHODS: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). FINDINGS: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29-146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0- 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25-1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39-1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65-1·60]; p=0·92). INTERPRETATION: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation

Online Dis-Trust? Relationships between Cybersecurity and Online Transaction

“This paper explores different relationships among various cybersecurity aspects and online transactions. Particularly, we focus on three online security aspects: (1) perception of network security, (2) being victim of a cyberattack, and (3) engaging in risky online activities. Using a Structural Equations Model (SEM) and the After Access 2017-2018 dataset (for six Latin American countries), we characterize the relationships between each of these three aspects, along with the importance of other structural variables. The main results are: (1) user’s perception of security plays a key role in e-commerce activities adoption - individuals who report feeling insecure in the Internet tend to engage in significantly fewer online transactions; (2) there is a strong positive relationship between e-commerce use and the likelihood of being a cyberattack victim - this group of e-commerce users would be more vulnerable; (3) individuals with lower educational and socioeconomic levels, and females, are in greater disadvantage in the adoption of e-commerce activities

Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a patient using Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT 2 inhibitor)

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of Diabetes Mellitus type-1 and occasionally type-2 diabetes, associated with high blood glucose levels\u3e250 mg/dl. Normal glucose levels in all diabetic patients may delay diagnosis and management of DKA and result in increased morbidity and mortality. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old male having a medical history of Diabetes Mellitus type-2, atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis status post total valve replacement, coronary artery disease, gastric bypass surgery, and previous stroke presented with two episodes of hematemesis a few hours prior to admission. The patient denied using drugs or ingestion of methanol, ethylene glycol, and salicylate. His home medications include apixaban (Eliquis), Empagliflozin (Jardiance) SGLT-2 inhibitor, and metformin. Physical exam was unremarkable except for dry mucous membrane. While in the emergency department, the patient suffered shortness of breath with increased respiratory rate 24/min (12-16/min) and use of accessory muscles. IV fluid was administered, and initial laboratory data indicated negative ethanol and salicylate levels, with normal parameters including electrolytes and glucose level of 192mg/dl (\u3c250mg/dl). To eliminate the rare probability of Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EDKA), an extensive lab work showed PH 7.07 (7.35-7.45), bicarbonate 3.5mmol (23-30mmol/L), anion gap 24mmol/L (3-10mmol/L), serum ketone 8mmol/L (0.6-1.5mmol/L), serum osmolality 323mmol/kg (285-295mmol/kg) and osmolar gap 28mmol/kg (\u3c10mml/kg). Euglycemic DKA was diagnosed, and treatment started with insulin drip, IV fluid, discontinuation of Jardiance and Eliquis. Endoscopy showed stomach inflammation with no ulcer. Pathology confirmed mild active gastritis, but no intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, or malignancy was identified. The patient’s condition improved drastically and was discharged on the third day. Conclusion: Diagnosis of DKA is challenging especially with normal glucose levels. SGLT-2 inhibitor was believed to be the culprit. Ketones should be checked in all admitted diabetic patients with high anion gap metabolic acidosis, regardless of blood glucose level

Simple virus-free mouse models of COVID-19 pathologies and oral therapeutic intervention

Summary: The paucity of preclinical models that recapitulate COVID-19 pathology without requiring SARS-COV-2 adaptation and humanized/transgenic mice limits research into new therapeutics against the frequently emerging variants-of-concern. We developed virus-free models by C57BL/6 mice receiving oropharyngeal instillations of a SARS-COV-2 ribo-oligonucleotide common in all variants or specific to Delta/Omicron variants, concurrently with low-dose bleomycin. Mice developed COVID-19-like lung pathologies including ground-glass opacities, interstitial fibrosis, congested alveoli, and became moribund. Lung tissues from these mice and bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues from patients with COVID-19 showed elevated levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), HA-family members, an inflammatory signature, and immune cell infiltration. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an oral drug for biliary-spasm treatment, inhibits HA-synthesis. At the human equivalent dose, 4-MU prevented/inhibited COVID-19-like pathologies and long-term morbidity; 4-MU and metabolites accumulated in mice lungs. Therefore, these versatile SARS-COV-2 ribo-oligonucleotide oropharyngeal models recapitulate COVID-19 pathology, with HA as its critical mediator and 4-MU as a potential therapeutic for COVID-19