The Differences of Analogy between Criminal Justice and Civil Justice

内容摘要自清末变法以来，我国借鉴西方大陆法系的法律制度，建立起以成文法为特征的法律体系。成文法具有内容明确、使用方便、稳定的特点，但同时也存在内容僵化、不周延等局限。为了克服法律的不周延性，弥补制定法的漏洞，司法者在司法过程中采取了多种方法，包括解释、类推和法律续造等。然而，作为填补法律漏洞重要方法之一的类推，自近代以来，在民事司法与刑事司法两个领域的命运却截然不同。在民事司法领域，法官不得拒绝裁判成了一项铁则，为了满足解决纠纷的需要，各国采取或明示或默许的方式，允许类推的使用。而在刑事司法领域，由于受到罪刑法定原则的限制，类推，尤其是不利于被告人的类推却被严格禁止。本文拟在对类推进行辨析的基...ABSTRACT Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, our country used Western civil law legal system for reference, and set up our own legal system characterized by statutory. Law is clear, user-friendly and stable, but also the existence of some limitations, such as rigid, illogic, and so on. To overcome legal illogic nature compensate for law loopholes, judicial persons take a variety of methods...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_诉讼法学学号：20030807

Nondestructive testing of lining thickness and nearside wall rock defect in srevice tunnel

为建设厦门城市快速交通干线,需要对钟鼓山原有隧道进行扩建。在拆除已有隧道衬砌和开挖外围围岩时,确定原有隧道衬砌厚度和外侧围岩的空洞、破碎、断裂等情况,对施工安全和施工方案制定非常必要。为此,采用探地雷达技术对原有隧道衬砌厚度和外侧围岩状态进行了检测。在隧道顶部布置三条沿隧道方向的检测线,用雷达探头分别对隧道的衬砌厚度和外部岩层缺陷进行探测,结果发现衬砌厚度很不均匀,厚度0.36~1.2米,多处与外部岩石直接接触。衬砌外侧有多处空洞、破碎、断裂或空洞伴有严重的破碎等危险情况存在。拆除衬砌时必须采取针对这些部位的安全措施,这为施工提供了明确的指导,从而保证工程的顺利完成。For constructing the main rapid traffic line in Xiamen city,the in service tunnel in Zhonggu Mountain must be enlarged.Before demolishing the lining and excavating the nearside wall rock,the lining thickness and the cavity,fragmentation and rupture of nearside wall rock in exiting tunnel are determined by the ground penetrating radar for establishing the construction safety and technology project.The results show that the existing lining thickness is non uniform,from 0.2m to 0.8m,the lining directly contacts with wall rock in many places.There are many cavity,fragmentation and rupture existed in the nearside wall rock.When demolishing the existing lining,the safety precautions must be established.The results of ground penetrating radar testing provided clear guidance for construction.The project has been successfully completed

重大科技基础设施领域发展动态与趋势

重大科技基础设施是现代科学研究取得进展和突破必不可少的支撑条件和技术手段。世界各国,特别是科技发达国家,非常重视重大科技基础设施的战略规划、前瞻部署、建设和应用。本文回顾了近年来重大科技基础设施领域世界各国的战略规划、项目部署,以及相关的最新举措,从八个方面分析了现阶段重大科技基础设施领域的国际发展动向和趋势特点,总结了我国近两年来在重大科技基础设施领域的新动向,并从中得到几点启示供决策者参考。&nbsp;</p

Corrosion environment evaluation and durability design requirements of coastal concrete bridge

依据JTg/T b07—01—2006《公路工程混凝土结构防腐技术规范》和gb/T 50476—2008《混凝土结构耐久性设计规范》,结合海南一个沿海混凝土大桥的具体环境条件和工程结构情况,对大桥所处腐蚀环境评价中环境分区、环境作用分级以及耐久性设计要求等问题进行了研究。大桥的环境作用分为一般环境、土中环境、海洋环境和滨海环境四个区域。一般环境处于海南东北部沿海腐蚀偏高范围,腐蚀性较高,分级提高加以考虑。土中环境主要由于砖红壤地质腐蚀加重的影响,在工程详细勘探和耐久性设计时给于关注。海洋环境由于海南炎热地区水温高、盐度高会加重腐蚀,耐久性设计中给于考虑。滨海环境主要考虑海洋大气影响范围扩大、影响程度增高、海水入侵和盐渍化影响会不断扩大范围和程度等,对滨海大气和滨海土壤环境的耐久性加以重视。在大桥的设计、施工的不同阶段贯彻和实施规范的技术措施是保证耐久性的关键,对特殊形式和部位的构件和结构耐久性要给于专门措施。According to JTG/T B07—01—2006"Specification for deterioration prevention of highway concrete structures"and GB/T 50476—2008"Code for durability design of concrete structures",The corrosion environmental classification,environmental action grade and durability design requirements of a coastal concrete bridge in Hainan province are researched combining the bridge environment condition and engineering structure.The environment condition of the bridge is divided into four districts:the general environment,soil environment,ocean environment and coastal environment.The general environment is placed in northeast coast of Hainan and belongs to higher corrosion scope.The corrosion is higher so the grade is exalted.The influence in soil environment mainly is the Latosols geology corrosion.at the detailed investigation and design this must pay attention.because of in the south blazing hot region,the water temperature is high and the salt degree is high so the ocean environment will aggravate corrosion,the durability design must considered.The coastal environment mainly considers the ocean atmosphere spread,increasing corrosion degree,the sea water invading and salinization.The durability of the coastal atmosphere and coastal soil environment should be attached importance to.At the different stage of bridge design and construction the specialized technique measure is the key that promises durability.The special form and the part of bridge must carry out the specialized measure

用电化学阻抗谱研究提高锆基无铬化学转化膜耐蚀性的方法

采用含1.4%（质量分数）ZRT-955陶化环保处理剂的水溶液（pH=4.5）,在20°C下对Q235钢板表面锆化处理12 min,通过测量所得锆化膜在0.35%（NH4）2SO4+0.05%NaCl的模拟汗液中的电化学阻抗谱（EIS）,探索了烘干温度和缓蚀处理对膜层耐蚀性的影响。确定最佳烘干温度为180°C。采用硅氧烷酮类缓蚀剂对锆基转化膜进行后处理能够有效地提高其防腐性能

台湾海峡西南部表层海流季节变化的地波雷达观测

设置于闽南沿岸的一组国产高频地波雷达的长期观测结果表明,台湾海峡西南部海域表层海流主要由季风导致的顺岸流季节波动和常年存在的、流速约10cm/s的东北向背景流所共同组成.座底ADCP锚碇观测进一步揭示,在上埃克曼层以深层次顺岸流亦常年向北.中国近海海洋综合调查与评价国家专项(编号:908-01-ST06);; 国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40476023)资

1976 Vol. 24 Number 11

https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/lawpublications_gavel1970s/1100/thumbnail.jp

Intensity Distribution Design for Laser-Induced Thermal Loading Based on Numerical Simulation

To accomplish laser-induced thermal loading simulation tests for pistons,the Gaussian beam was modulated into multi-circular beam with specific intensity distribution.A reverse method was proposed to design the intensity distribution for the laser-induced thermal loading based on finite element(FE) analysis.Firstly,the FE model is improved by alternating parameters of boundary conditions and thermal-physical properties of piston material in a reasonable range,therefore it can simulate the experimental resul..

对我国女子铁人三项运动员高原训练负荷的实证研究

方法:运用文献资料法、数理统计法、实验法等,以我国女子铁人三项运动员为研究对象,对高原训练期间的训练负荷进行研究。结果:训练负荷量与训练周期成反比,铁人三项中各单项训练量从大到小的顺序依次为自行车、跑步和游泳;在训练强度上,是有氧训练为主,混氧训练为辅;高原训练的效果与训练负荷、训练周期相关,但是与训练周期不完全相关。结论:1)适当缩短高原训练周期,提高有效负荷训练;2)根据运动员的具体情况,合理安排铁人三项中各单项的训练负荷;3)在训练负荷量较小的前提下,加大重点课次的训练负荷强度,加深对机体的刺激深度,从而提高训练效果

心理应激、人格神经质差异与微循环变化特征

本文以心算实验对高、低神经质维度的人群组构成心理应激刺激，结果发现高神经质维度组在心理应激刺激后甲襞微循环（简称ＮＦＭＣ）血管管径收缩幅度和持续时间均大于和长于低神经质维度组，ＮＦＭＣ血液流速变慢时间前者明显短于后者，提示心理应激、人格神经质维度和微循环（简称ＭＣ）三者间存在着明显的关系。&nbsp;</p