EUROPEANA. Un prototipo de biblioteca digital europea

El ISSN corresponde a la versión electrónica del documentoEl artículo ofrece una visión global sobre la futura biblioteca digital europea, bautizada como Europeana, que surgió en el marco europeo como respuesta a la digitalización masiva de fondos por parte del servidor norteamericano Google y cuyo prototipo funciona ya a instancias de la Biblioteca nacional de Francia (BnF). La autora analiza además los aspectos económicos y de gestión de la iniciativa y pone sobre la mesa las inquietudes de la industria tradicional del libro ante este nuevo servicio

Verdad y política en las Empresas de Saavedra Fajardo

En un artículo publicado en El País con el título «George W. Bush o la edad de la mentira », nuestro admirado José Saramago nos ofrece una síntesis de la situación moral que vivimos actualmente: la ley de nuestro mundo es la mentira. Comienza el autor portugués con unas palabras de La Política de Aristóteles en un intento de recordarnos el imperativo número uno del Estado: «El Estado es la forma superior de moralidad». Teniendo presente este ideal del pensamiento occidental Saramago inmediatamente afirma que «la sociedad actual está impregnada de mentira como de la peor de las contaminaciones morales, y él [George W. Bush] es uno de los mayores responsables de este estado de cosas. La mentira circula impunemente por todas partes, se ha erigido en una especie de otra verdad». Es evidente que el Estado –o la democracia– ya no se encuentra a la altura del sistema de valores que deseaba Aristóteles, ni a la que desearía Saramago. Hoy día la mentira es la situación moral dominante, que ni siquiera se encubre con el disimulo

La Voz de los de Sin Voz: Indigenous Radios as Tools of Resistance Against the Neoliberal State

Mexico has one of the largest indigenous populations in the Americas, with an approximated 78 distinct indigenous peoples. Despite the fact that about a quarter of Mexico’s population identifies as indigenous, the political implication of identifying as an indigenous person still carries a negative connotation. More than that, indigenous peoples find themselves disproportionately affected by poverty with almost 80% living under the poverty line. While the government’s approach to tackling poverty in indigenous communities includes establishing new commissions and institutions for the development of indigenous peoples as well as implementing new policies that ensure their inclusion and recognition within the state, the “implementation gap” is lacking and doesn’t manifest itself in any substantive way. Not only have these new institutions and policies not changed the material conditions for indigenous peoples, but they have also failed to address the inherent paternalistic attitudes in their assistance. Perhaps the biggest disservice done in this ‘help’ is that it doesn\u27t necessarily consider an alternative approach- one that is constructed by indigenous peoples. While not all indigenous struggles are the same, there is a common thread. The “development” of indigenous peoples cannot emerge from the outside as a project spearheaded by the state. Instead, it can be found in the indigenous peoples’ demands and rights to territory, autonomy, and self-governance. For the purpose of this study, I want to expand on what indigenous peoples’ right to territory means, so as to not limit it to only signify the visible and physical spaces they occupy, but to also include the airwaves through which powerful messages are carried out for their revindication of land, community, and respective identities. I specifically want to focus on the study of indigenous radios as ideological tools for both the Mexican government and indigenous communities alike. I seek to explore the spaces of resistance that emerge from these radios as well as their limitations. I will particularly focus on two types of radio models: the state-sponsored ‘Indigenous Cultural Broadcasting System’ radios and the free ‘pirate’ radios. My analysis of these radios will focus on the radio stations’ structure, their programming and objectives, and their participation with the communities they are broadcasting to. Moreover, I will choose radios from the state of Chiapas, a state with one of the highest radio concentrations and with the most radios without broadcasting concessions in the country. To guide my analysis, I pose the question: What roles do SRCI radios and free radios have in indigenous communities? I hypothesize that although these radios are structured differently and have different objectives, they both play a role in strengthening community cohesion and resistance against neoliberal ideology and politics. These two outcomes are especially relevant in the context of Mexico’s push to create a national identity that is compatible with neoliberalism

Cinema festivals: Nostalgia, exclusivity and occasion at event-led cinema in Spain

En los últimos años, junto a las películas de estreno que habitualmente se mantienen en cartel durante semanas, se han ido haciendo hueco toda una serie de proyecciones que ofrecen sesiones únicas fuera de la programación comercial. Estos pases, que se presentan en discontinuidad con la oferta de cine en salas, buscan mejorar y amplificar la experiencia del espectador poniendo énfasis en la fase más comunitaria y participativa de la asistencia al cine: sesiones dobles de cine de reestreno, sesiones de sing-a-long o de quote-a-long son algunas de las fórmulas que algunas salas están ensayando para atraer a más espectadores. El presente artículo se interesa por el fenómeno emergente del cineevento en España y analiza las formas en las que sus promotores están construyendo al público sobre una doble retórica: por un lado, discursos que remiten a un inconformismo profundo hacia las «pequeñas pantallas» y hacia la cultura masiva representada; y, por otro, discursos que conectan con gustos más mainstream y que identificamos con las propias cintas comerciales que estos eventos programanIn the last few years, along with the standard features in cinemas, a series of screenings that offer unique sessions outside the commercial programme have carved themselves a niche in commercial theatres. These film screenings try to improve and to amplify the spectator experience by placing the emphasis on the community and participative dimensions of cinema-going. Double features and sing-a-longs or quote-a-longs are some of the formulas that some theatres are trying out in order to attract more spectators. This article examines the emergent phenomena of event-led cinema in Spain, and analyzes the double rhetoric with which its promoters are building the potential audience: on the one hand, discourses that refer to a profound discomfort towards online film consumption and towards mass culture. On the other hand, discourses that connect with rather mainstream tastes and that are identified by the commercial films that are part of these events programme

The iconography of San Miguel in the series angelic

Durante los siglos XVI y XVII surgieron dos nuevas propuestas iconográficas para la representación de San Miguel arcángel, que no recogen los manuales de iconografía. Una de ellas, elaborada por Martín de Vos, le muestra con la mano derecha aureolada por el sol, y portando una palma en la mano izquierda. La otra, desarrollada en Andalucía por Francisco Pacheco y los seguidores de Zurbarán, le representa con indumentaria militar del siglo XVI, sosteniendo una rodela y un bastón de mando. Ambas imágenes responden a nuevos enfoques en la devoción de San Miguel propiciadas por la Contrarreforma. Las dos fueron incorporadas a las series angélicas, y alcanzaron gran popularidad tanto en España como en América.During the 16th and 17th centuries two new iconographic designs appeared for the representation of San Miguel archangel that did not reflect the manuals of iconography. One of which, elaborated by Martín de Vos, shows him with his right hand ringed by the sun, and carrying a palm tree leaf in his left hand. The other, developed in Andalucía by Francisco Pacheco and the followers of Zurbarán, represented San Miguel with military attire of the 16th century, holding a shield and baton. Both images respond to new focuses in the devotion of San Miguel favored by the Counter-reform. Both were incorporated in the angelic series and achieved great popularity both in Spain and America.

Frustration and Task Avoidance in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Frustration and task avoidance is seen often in classrooms that have students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of explicitly taught strategies for properly coping with frustration

La fortificació de Catalunya: la introducció de les noves teories europees sobre el bastió (1675-1733)

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