A spectroscopic survey of Orion KL between 41.5 and 50 GHz

Orion KL is one of the most frequently observed sources in the Galaxy, and the site where many molecular species have been discovered for the first time. With the availability of powerful wideband backends, it is nowadays possible to complete spectral surveys in the entire mm-range to obtain a spectroscopically unbiased chemical picture of the region. In this paper we present a sensitive spectral survey of Orion KL, made with one of the 34m antennas of the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex in Robledo de Chavela, Spain. The spectral range surveyed is from 41.5 to 50 GHz, with a frequency spacing of 180 kHz (equivalent to about 1.2 km/s, depending on the exact frequency). The rms achieved ranges from 8 to 12 mK. The spectrum is dominated by the J=1-0 SiO maser lines and by radio recombination lines (RRLs), which were detected up to Delta_n=11. Above a 3-sigma level, we identified 66 RRLs and 161 molecular lines corresponding to 39 isotopologues from 20 molecules; a total of 18 lines remain unidentified, two of them above a 5-sigma level. Results of radiative modelling of the detected molecular lines (excluding masers) are presented. At this frequency range, this is the most sensitive survey and also the one with the widest band. Although some complex molecules like CH_3CH_2CN and CH_2CHCN arise from the hot core, most of the detected molecules originate from the low temperature components in Orion KL.Comment: Accepted for Astronomy and Astrophysics. 29 pages, 5 tables, 6 figure

A fluctuating ascendency: The "Spanish Party" at the Imperial Court Of Vienna (1631-1659)

With the arrival in 1631 of Emperor Ferdinand III’s bride to Vienna, the infanta Maria Anna, the “Spanish party” at the Imperial court gained a remarkable momentum. At the time, Philip IV’s interests found a key ally in the person of his sister, who, along with her influential confessor Diego de Quiroga, exerted an indisputable influence over the direction of Imperial issues for the following decades. Nevertheless, the empress’s untimely death, as well as the consequential return of Quiroga to the Peninsula, seriously undermined Spain’s interests and had a negative impact on the outcome of the Peace of Westphalia. In addition, the situation was further exacerbated by a sharp drop in the means to fund a long list of pensioners and collaborators of the Spanish Crown. With a weakened party lacking leadership, the Spanish ambassador, within his recovered prominence, promoted the rise of a new figure as guarantor of Madrid’s interests: the count of Auersperg, a powerful minister which would hold a leading position in Ferdinand III’s government. Madrid, however, risked a great deal by focusing his support on a too ambitious a candidate with plenty of enemies. The rupture in 1656 between Auersperg and the Catholic ambassador implied a serious jeopardy for the Madrid’s position, in a very sensitive period regarding the survival of the Spanish MonarchyLa llegada en 1631 a Viena de la esposa de Fernando III, la infanta María, propició que el “partido español” en la Corte imperial cobrara un inusitado impulso respecto a épocas anteriores. Los intereses de Felipe IV hallaron por entonces un inmejorable aliado en su hermana, la cual, junto a su influyente confesor, Diego de Quiroga, ejerció un indiscutible ascendiente en la dirección de los asuntos imperiales durante los siguientes decenios. Sin embargo, la prematura defunción de la emperatriz y el consecuente regreso de Quiroga a la Península minaron seriamente las conveniencias de España y ello se dejó sentir de manera aguda en el desenlace de los tratados de Westfalia. A ello se añadió una abrupta reducción de los medios para costear una larga lista de pensionados y colaboradores de la Corona española. Con un partido debilitado y sin liderazgo, el embajador español, dentro de su renovado protagonismo, fomentará el ascenso de una nueva figura como garante de los intereses de Madrid: el conde de Auersperg, un poderoso ministro que pasaría a ocupar una posición preeminente en el gobierno de Fernando III. No obstante, Madrid arriesgó mucho al centrar su apoyo en un candidato demasiado ambicioso y rodeado de enemigos, ya que la ruptura en 1656 entre Auersperg y el embajador católico comportó un serio riesgo para la posición española en un momento extremamente delicado para la supervivencia de la Monarquía Hispánica

Relación entre las estrategias de aprendizaje y las formas de evaluación que se practican en el Colegio Nuestra Señora del Rosario de la ciudad de Estelí-Nicaragua, durante el I semestre 2010

La evaluación es sin duda, uno de los términos que en la actualidadha cobrado considerable importancia, para muchos es untema difícil de abordar y para otros un problema sin solución.Pero, ¿A qué se debe ésta complejidad? No cabe duda que lacontroversia inicie desde cómo concibe cada docente la evaluación,y es que alrededor del tema han surgido muchos términos ydefiniciones, de ahí que cada docente aplique la evaluación segúnel concepto que tenga de ella. El siguiente trabajo presenta losresultados de un estudio realizado con estudiantes y docentes desecundaria para determinar hasta qué punto existe coherenciaentre las estrategias de aprendizaje y las formas de evaluar que sepractican en el Colegio Nuestra Señora del Rosario de la ciudadde Estelí y proponer desde mi condición acciones encaminadasa la mejora

How can the effects of the introduction of a new airline on a national airline network be measured? A time series approach for the Ryanair case in Spain

This paper quantifies the Ryanair Effect on the Spanish airline network. It proposes new methodology based on an advanced time series approach that allows both the direct and indirect effects of the incorporation of a new airline to be measured and that can be easily extrapolated to other airport systems. The findings show the mean indirect effect on other airlines, in absolute value, is 8.6 per cent of the total airport traffic, peaking at a maximum of almost 29 per cent. Also, surprisingly, there is found to be a negative indirect effect at only four of the ten airports analysed

A global digital currency to rule them all? A monetary-financial view of the Facebook's LIBRA for the Euro area

This collection includes a selection of research by students of the PhD Program in Applied Economics (UAB) and the Master of Applied Research in Economics and Business (MAREB) - specialization in Applied Economics.In this paper, the monetary-financial implications of two versions of Libra are analysed, i.e. Libra 1.0 and Libra 2.0. First, I briefly discuss how technological developments in monetary history have reshaped the payments landscape and how Libra is going to challenge the current bank-based ecosystem. Second, I identify some risks stemming from the current monetary-financial system and I review the Euro Area's regulatory framework to control these risks. Third, I assess how a wide acceptability of Libra's 1.0 and 2.0 could challenge the current monetary-financial structure and therefore the risks associated. Finally, I propose a Synthetic CBDC issuance, i.e., a narrow banking approach, to limit the new risk associated with the introduction of Libra 2.0

Non-Standard Monetary Policies and Bank Profitability: The Case of Spain

This collection includes a selection of research by students of the PhD Program in Applied Economics (UAB) and the Master of Applied Research in Economics and Business (MAREB) - specialization in Applied EconomicsThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of non-standard monetary policy measures implemented by the Eurosystem on the Spanish banking sector profitability. To do this, a new database is built merging data from the Spanish Banking Industry Statistical Yearbook and from the Spanish Stock Market Commission. Applying different econometric techniques to a panel of 54 Spanish banks that covers the period 2001-2017 and controlling for bank-specific factors and macroeconomic conditions, no discernible impact is found between the Eurosystem's non-standard monetary policy measures (ECB's total assets, excess reserves and the slope of the yield curve) and bank profitability measured as return on assets, pre-tax operating income and interest margins. This result is robust to different specifications and to different groups of banks