Okužba s citomegalovirusom v nosečnosti

Citomegalovirus (CMV) je najpogostejši virusni vzrok okužbe ploda v maternici. Virus je nevrotropen, zato povzroča predvsem nevrološke zaplete. Je najpogostejši negenetski vzrok senzorinevralne naglušnosti, nevroloških nepravilnosti in umske zaostalosti, hkrati je vzrok tudi za nedonošenost, smrt ploda v maternici in umrljivost novorojenčkov. Okužbo s CMV potrjujemo z dokazom za CMV specifičnih protiteles IgM in IgG. Prisotnost virusa dokazujemo s PCR. Za časovno opredelitev okužbe s CMV določamo avidnost protiteles IgG. Prirojena okužba je posledica viremije ob primarni ali sekundarni okužbi nosečnice. Ob znotrajmaternični okužbi so lahko prisotni značilni ultrazvočni znaki. Prenatalna diagnoza prirojene okužbe s CMV se postavi z amniocentezo. Simptome ob rojstvu ima do 15 % otrok mater s potrjeno okužbo v nosečnosti. Pri novorojenčkih s simptomi pride v 40–60 % do trajnih posledic, od katerih je najpogostejša senzorinevralna naglušnost. Svetovanje nosečnici s primarno okužbo s CMV je težavno, saj po doslej razpoložljivih podatkih in izsledkih raziskav izida za plod še ne znamo natančno napovedati. Ocene resnosti okužbe in možnih posledic temeljijo predvsem na časovni opredelitvi okužbe nosečnice, prisotnosti in vrsti nepravilnosti pri plodu in laboratorijskih parametrih. Rutinsko zdravljenje nosečnic s potrjeno okužbo s CMV z virostatikom valaciklovirjem ali s hiperimunimi globulini se zaradi pomanjkanja zadostnih dokazov o učinkovitosti ne priporoča. Vse nosečnice bi morale biti seznanjene o nevarnostih okužbe s CMV in preventivnih ukrepih za zaščito pred okužbo s CMV v nosečnosti. Pregledni članek povzema znana dejstva glede presejanja, diagnosticiranja in zdravljenja okužbe s CMV v nosečnosti z navajanjem najnovejših spoznanj in dokazov ter predstavlja prilagoditev tujih priporočil za dobro klinično prakso v Sloveniji

Impact of mild therapeutic hypothermia on bioavailability of ticagrelor in patients with acute myocardial infarction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) frequently occurs in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Survivors require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with concomitantdual antiplatelet therapy. Target temperature management, including mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH), should be applied in comatose patients after resuscitation. However, an increased risk of stent thrombosis in patients undergoing hypothermia is observed. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MTH on pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in cardiac arrest survivors with MI treated with MTH and PCI.Methods: In a prospective, observational, single-center study pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor were evaluated in 41 MI patients, including 11 patients after OHCA undergoing MTH (MTH group) and 30 MI patients without OHCA and MTH (no-MTH group). Blood samples were drawn before administration of a 180 mg ticagrelor loading dose, and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after the loading dose.Results: In patients treated with MTH total exposure to ticagrelor during the first 12 h after the loading dose and maximal plasma concentration of ticagrelor were significantly lower than in the no-MTH group (AUC(0–12): 3403 ± 2879 vs. 8746 ± 5596 ng·h/mL, difference: 61%, p = 0.01; Cmax: 475 ± 353 vs. 1568 ± 784 ng/mL, p = 0.0002). Time to achieve maximal ticagrelor plasma concentration was also delayed in the MTH group (tmax for ticagrelor: 12 [6–24] vs. 4 [2–12] h, p = 0.01).Conclusions: Bioavailability of ticagrelor was substantially decreased and delayed in MI patients treated with MTH after OHCA. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0261193

The –429 T/C and –374 T/A Gene Polymorphisms of the Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products Gene (RAGE) are not Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Slovene Population With Type 2 Diabetes

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a role in atherosclerosis in diabetics. There are two functional polymorphisms in the promoter of the RAGE gene (–429T/C and –374T/A). The aim of this study was to look for a relationship between the –429T/C and the –374T/A gene polymorphisms of the RAGE gene and the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Slovene population with type 2 diabetes of duration longer than 10 years. One hundred and sixty-eight subjects with diabetes and CAD were compared to 241 diabetic subjects without CAD. The –429T/C and the –374T/A RAGE genotype distributions in patients with CAD (–429T/C: CC: 3%, TC: 31%, TT: 66.0%; 374T/A: AA: 7.7%, TA: 48.2%, TT: 44.1%) were not significantly different from those in patients without CAD (–429 T/C: CC: 1.7%, TC: 26.1%, TT: 72.2%; –374T/A: AA: 11.2%, TA: 43.2%, TT: 45.6%). Our study failed to demonstrate an association between either the –429T/C or the –374T/A gene polymorphism of the RAGE gene and CAD in the Slovene population with type 2 diabetes of duration longer than 10 years

Slovensko strokovno stališče za zdravljenje s pripravki železa v nosečnosti

Slabokrvnost je najbolj pogost simptom v nosečnosti. Zaradi razvoja zarodka in hitre rasti ploda se močno povečajo potrebe organizma po železu in vitaminih. Zato je slabokrvnost zaradi pomanjkanja železa daleč najbolj razširjena oblika slabokrvnosti v nosečnosti. Anemija v nosečnosti je opredeljena z ravnijo hemoglobina (Hb), ki je manjša od 110 g/L. V normalni nosečnosti se sestava krvi pomembno spremeni. Povečanje celokupnega volumna krvi in hemostatske spremembe so fiziološke spremembe, ki omogočajo, da porodnica brez posledic prenese normalno izgubo krvi med porodom. Plazemski volumen se v nosečnosti poveča za 50 %, masa eritrocitov pa za 18 – 25 %, odvisno od razpoložljivega železa. Te spremembe povzročijo razredčitev koncentracije hemoglobna, kar poznamo kot fiziološko slabokrvnost v nosečnosti. Fiziološka slabokrvnost doseže vrh v 32. tednu nosečnosti. Zaradi fizioloških sprememb odkrijemo s presejalnimi testi v nosečnosti mnogo slabokrvnosti, ki bi sicer ostale neodkrite. Povečane ali spremenjene prehranske in presnovne zahteve v nosečnosti povzročijo, da je slabokrvnost zaradi pomanjkanja železa (sideropenična anemija) bolj pogosta. Prva nepravilnost v biokemičnih izvidih, ki kaže na pomanjkanje železa v nosečnosti, je zmanjšana koncentracija feritina (na pomanjkanje železa lahko sklepamo že, ko je vrednost feritina manjša od 20–30 g/L). Feritin je stabilen in zadovoljivo zrcali zaloge železa, za razliko od vrednosti serumskega železa. Zato učinkovito dodajanje železovih pripravkov in s tem preprečevanje sideropeničnih anemij lahko pričnemo že zelo zgodaj. Tako na zelo enostaven način učinkovito preprečimo nastanek zapletov v nosečnosti, ob porodu in v poporodnem obdobju. Slabokrvnost v nosečnosti je povezana s višjo pogostnostjo za prezgodnji porod, nizko porodno težo, z nujnostjo uporabe transfuzije ob in po porodu ter s poporodno depresijo

A caregiver support platform within the scope of an ambient assisted living ecosystem

The Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) area is in constant evolution, providing new technologies to users and enhancing the level of security and comfort that is ensured by house platforms. The Ambient Assisted Living for All (AAL4ALL) project aims to develop a new AAL concept, supported on a unified ecosystem and certification process that enables a heterogeneous environment. The concepts of Intelligent Environments, Ambient Intelligence, and the foundations of the Ambient Assisted Living are all presented in the framework of this project. In this work, we consider a specific platform developed in the scope of AAL4ALL, called UserAccess. The architecture of the platform and its role within the overall AAL4ALL concept, the implementation of the platform, and the available interfaces are presented. In addition, its feasibility is validated through a series of tests.Project “AAL4ALL”, co-financed by the European Community Fund FEDER, through COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC). Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Lisbon, Portugal, through Project PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013. Project CAMCoF—Context-Aware Multimodal Communication Framework funded by ERDF—European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE Programme (operational programme for competitiveness) and by National Funds through the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028980. This work is part-funded by National Funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within project PEst-OE/EEI/UI0752/201

THE PRESENTATION OF THE MIGRATION PROBLEM IN VARIOUS TELEVISED MEDIA

Migracije so proces, ki je v naši družbi prisoten že od samega začetka. Televizija je najmočnejši množični medij, ki kot tak sooblikuje javno mnenje. Pomembno je, kako je določena problematika predstavljena v televizijskih medijih. V letu 2015 je prišlo do migrantske krize, o kateri so poročali vsi večji televizijski mediji v Evropi in po svetu. V Sloveniji je bil pristop do obravnave problematike v oddajah komercialne in javne televizije različen. Prav tako se razlikuje obravnava z migracijami povezanih dogodkov v oddajah javnih televizij v Sloveniji, na Hrvaškem in v Nemčiji.Migration is a process that has always been present in our society. Television is the strongest amongst mass media and as such helps to shape the public opinion. The presentation of a certain problem in televised media is important. In 2015 there was a migration crisis which has been covered by all the bigger televised media throughout Europe and the world. In Slovenia the approach to addressing the problem in broadcasts on commercial and national television was different. The addressing of similar events in correlation with migration in broadcasts on national televisions in Slovenia, Croatia and Germany was also different

Measurement and analysis of customer satisfaction

Diplomska naloga predstavlja pregled zahtev glede merjenja in analize zadovoljstva odjemalcev v skladu s standardom ISO 9001 ter načine zbiranja in analize informacij o zadovoljstvu v podjetju in pri odjemalcih. Izveden je pregled obstoječega stanja s področja meritev in analize zadovoljstva odjemalcev v podjetju Sistemska Tehnika d.o.o. Podjetje izvaja meritve in analizo z uporabo notranjih in zunanjih informacij o zadovoljstvu, zato sem izvedel pregled uporabljenih postopkov in metod. Na osnovi analize obstoječega stanja so podani predlogi in usmeritve za prihodnje delo na področju merjenja in analize zadovoljstva odjemalcev.The work presents overview of requests regarding measurement and analysis of customer satisfaction in accordance with standard ISO 9001, as well as ways in which the information about satisfaction are collected in the company and with the customer and later analysed. Review of existing status in the field of measurement and analysis of customer satisfaction has been made in the company Sistemska Tehnika Ltd. The company implements measurement and analysis by using internal and external information about satisfaction. An overview of used procedures and methods has been made as well. Based on analysis of existing status, new proposals and guidelines for future work in the field of measurement and analysis of customer satisfaction have been made

Measuring system for force and displacement measurement of machine buttons

V diplomskem delu je opisan razvoj in izdelava merilnega sistema za merjenje sile pritiska in položaja tipke pri strojih. Merilni sistem je v svoji osnovni funkciji namenjen merjenju mehansko-električnih karakteristik različnih upravljalnih tipk pri strojih z elektronskim upravljanjem. Sestavljen je iz merilno vpenjalne enote, krmilne enote ter nadzornega sistema. Na krmilno enoto je preko zaporednega RS232 vmesnika priključen merilnik sile ter osebni računalnik, na katerem je nameščen nadzorni sistem. Nadzorni sistem omogoča avtomatsko meritev dveh različnih tipk, in sicer z enojnim ter dvojnim stikalom. Poleg tega je možno še ročno upravljanje koračnega motorja. To je mogoče tudi s pomočjo tipk, ki so priključene na krmilno enoto. Nadzorni sistem izpisuje merilne rezultate v realnem času na LCD zaslon in na zaslon računalnika, poleg tega pa hkrati shranjuje izmerjene rezultate v datoteko na osebnem računalniku.The development of the measuring system is described in the thesis. The basic function of the measuring system is measurement of the electro - mechanical characteristics of different machine buttons. The measuring system is composed of mechanical clamping unit, control unit and surveillance system. Force gauge and personal computer with the surveillance system are over serial RS232 interface connected to the control unit. The surveillance system allows automatic measurement of two styles of buttons, one switch button and two switch button. The surveillance system also enables manual use of stepper motor which can also be done with 3 buttons that are connected to the control unit. Besides real time readout of the measuring results on LCD display and display of the computer the surveillance system saves these results to a file on the personal computer

The influence of patients´ absences on waiting times of radiological examinations

Teoretično izhodišče: S problemom čakalnih vrst v zdravstvu se soočajo vse razvite države, tudi Slovenija. Čakalne dobe za nekatere radiološke preiskave (računalniška tomografija, magnetna resonanca in ultrazvok) so se na Radiološkem oddelku Splošne bolnišnice Celje v letu 2015 v primerjavi z letom 2014 povečale. Namen raziskave v magistrskem delu je bil ugotoviti, kakšen vpliv imajo izostanki pacientov na čakalne dobe pri teh radioloških preiskavah v omenjeni bolnišnici. Raziskovalna metodologija: Raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativni metodologiji. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika, ki ga je sestavljalo 12 vprašanj odprtega in zaprtega tipa. V raziskavo, ki smo jo izvedli septembra 2016, je bilo vključenih 142 pacientov, ki na predvideni termin niso prišli na radiološko preiskavo in se za svoj izostanek niso opravičili. Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili deskriptivno in inferenčno statistiko s pomočjo programa SPSS Statistics 19. Za preverjanje hipotez smo uporabili neparametrični binominalni test tega programa. Rezultati raziskave: Analiza rezultatov je pokazala, da več polovica (61,3 %) anketiranih ne pozna člena Zakona o pacientovih pravicah, ki jim nalaga dožnost pravočasnega obveščanja o morebitnem izostanku na preiskavo. Kot razlog za njihov izostanek jih je največ (31,7 %) navedlo, da so pozabili, da imajo preiskavo. Večina anketiranih (71,8 %) meni, da bi se zaradi njihove pravočasne odpovedi preiskave skrajšale čakalne vrste, zelo podoben odstotek (78,9 %) jih tudi meni, da je čakalna doba na preiskavo predolga.Theoretical background: The problem of waiting times in healthcare facing all developed countries, including Slovenia. Waiting times for certain radiological examinations (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound) in the radiological department of the General Hospital Celje in 2015 compared to 2014 increased. The purpose of the research in the master\u27s thesis was to determine the influence non-attendance of patients on waiting times at these radiological examinations in the said hospital. Research Methodology: The study was based on a quantitative methodology. Data were collected using a questionnaire which consisted of 12 open and closed-ended questions. In the survey, carried out in September 2016, there werw 142 patients that did not attend the radiological examination on the axpected date. Descriptive and inferential statisticwith the help of the SPSS Statistics 19 was used for data processing. For hypotheses verification nonparametric binomial test was used. Results: The result analysis showed that more than half (61.3%) of respondents didn\u27t know the article of Patiens Rights Act that imposed them a duty to timely informing about the possible default on the examination. As a reason for default most of them (31.7%) stated that they have forgotten on examination. Most of respondents (71.8 %) think that their timely notice of an examination waiting times would shorten. A very similar percentage (78.9%) also considers that waiting time for examination is too long

Targeted advertising on social media

Ciljano oglaševanje je metoda, ki se je v zadnjem času oglaševalci v veliki meri poslužujejo. Na družbenih omrežjih, kot sta Facebook in Instagram, obstajajo orodja, ki oglaševalcem pomagajo oblikovati oglas prilagojen posebej za ciljno skupino, tako da ta doseže čim večji efekt. Facebook in Instagram, ki ju v naši nalogi podrobneje obravnavamo, za oblikovanje ciljnih skupin uporabljata podatke, ki jih uporabniki delijo na svojih profilih. Na vsebino oglasov, ki se na družbenih omrežjih prikažejo specifičnemu uporabniku, pa vpliva tudi vedenje tega uporabnika.Targeted advetising is a method of advertising that has become very popular among advertisers in the last few years. Social media, such as Facebook and Instagram, provides advertisers with tools that help them create ads for specific groups, so they can reach maximum effect. Facebook and Instagram, the platforms we examine in detail in our thesis, use the data, that users share on their social media profiles, for creating target groups. The content of the ads specific users see on their social media is related to how the user behaves on said media