Estandarización nacional del método de conductividad eléctrica para analizar el vigor de semillas en girasol

Objetivos del IIPAAS: Objetivo general: Validar a nivel nacional el test de conductividad eléctrica para medir el vigor en semillas de girasol. Objetivos específicos: 1. Confirmar la clasificación del vigor en base al test de CE propuesta en los estudios precedentes. 2. Evaluar la exactitud, reproducibilidad y repetibilidad del test de CE entre y dentro de los laboratorios participantes. 3. Confeccionar un protocolo nacional como paso previo para ser propuesto al Comité de Vigor de la ISTA

Identificación molecular de micobacterias no tuberculosas mediante el análisis de los patrones de restricción, Colombia 1995-2005

Introduction. Nontuberculous mycobacteria can be saprophytic, pathogenic or opportunistic. The most common diseases produced by these microorganisms are the post-surgical infections due to anesthetic procedures, infections associated with catheters, disseminated cutaneous diseases and pulmonary and central nervous system diseases that especially affect HIV patients. Identification of the nontuberculous mycobacteria can take several weeks and even then, differentiation of complex members is not possible.Objective. The PCR-restriction analysis (PRA) technique was evaluated as a method for genotypic identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated of clinical samples located in the culture collection of the Instituto Nacional de Salud (National Institute of Health), Bogotá, Colombia.Materials and methods. Seventy clinical isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria stored in 50% glycerol at -70°C were identified by phenotypic techniques. The genotypic identification was made using the PCR-restriction analysis (PRA) using the restriction enzymes BstEII and HseIII, the restriction products were visualized on gels of agarose to 3%, and the concordance between the methodologies was evaluated.Results. A matching of 100% was obtained in the identification of Mycobacterium terrae, M. szulgai, M. avium, M. chelonae and M. scrofulaceum, the matching between M. fortuitum species, M. abscessus, M. gordonae and M. intracellulare varied from 44 to 89%; there was no concurrence in the identification of species M. flavescens and M. malmoense. Conclusions. PRA provided a fast, inexpensive and accurate alternative for the identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria that permited the differentiation among species of a complex and determining the subtype of each species sample.Introducción. Las micobacterias no tuberculosas pueden ser saprofitas, patógenas u oportunistas; las enfermedades más comunes producidas por estos microorganismos son las infecciones posquirúrgicas, principalmente por procedimiento estéticos, infecciones asociadas con catéteres, enfermedades cutáneas diseminadas, enfermedades pulmonares y del sistema nervioso central que afectan especialmente a pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. La identificación fenotípica de las micobacterias no tuberculosas incluye pruebas microbiológicas y bioquímicas, las cuales pueden tomar varias semanas y algunas veces no logran diferenciar entre los miembros de un complejo.Objetivo. El objetivo fue evaluar la metodología de reacción en cadena de la polimerasaanálisis de restricción, como método de identificación genotípica de micobacterias no tuberculosas aisladas de muestras clínicas que pertenecen a la colección del Instituto Nacional de Salud.Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 70 aislamientos clínicos de micobacterias no tuberculosas, criopreservados en glicerol al 50% e identificados mediante metodologías fenotípicas. La identificación genotípica se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-análisis de restricción y se evaluó la concordancia entre las metodologías.Resultados. Se obtuvo una concordancia del 100% en la identificación de Mycobacterium terrae, M. szulgai, M. avium, M. chelonae y M. scrofulaceum, en las especies M. fortuitum, M. abscessus M. gordonae y M. intracellulare varió de 44% a 89%; no se obtuvo concordancia en la identificación de las especies M. flavescens y M. malmoense.Conclusiones. El análisis de restricción es una alternativa para la identificación de especies de micobacterias no tuberculosas, rápida, económica y segura para la identificación, que permite la diferenciación entre especies de un complejo y la determinación del subtipo de cada especie

Frequency of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV infected patients from Bogota, Colombia

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in the HIV-infected patient population in Colombia was uncertain despite some pilot studies. We determined the frequency of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in diverse body fluids of HIV-infected patients in Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: Patients who attended the three major HIV/AIDS healthcare centres in Bogota were prospectively studied over a six month period. A total of 286 patients were enrolled, 20% of them were hospitalized at some point during the study. Sixty four percent (64%) were classified as stage C, 25% as stage B, and 11% as stage A (CDC staging system, 1993). A total of 1,622 clinical samples (mostly paired samples of blood, sputum, stool, and urine) were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture. RESULTS: Overall 43 of 1,622 cultures (2.6%) were positive for mycobacteria. Twenty-two sputum samples were positive. Four patients were diagnosed with M. tuberculosis (1.4%). All isolates of M. tuberculosis were sensitive to common anti-tuberculous drugs. M. avium was isolated in thirteen patients (4.5%), but only in three of them the cultures originated from blood. The other isolates were obtained from stool, urine or sputum samples. In three cases, direct AFB smears of blood were positive. Two patients presented simultaneously with M. tuberculosis and M. avium. CONCLUSIONS: Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium infections are frequent in HIV infected patients in Bogota. The diagnostic sensitivity for infection with tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be increased when diverse body fluids are processed from each patient

Prevalence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Coinfection among HIV-Seropositive Patients Attending the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Northern Nigeria

Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been accompanied by a severe epidemic of tuberculosis (TB), although the prevalence of coinfection is largely unknown, especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of TB coinfection among HIV-seropositive Nigerians. Methods: The case files of HIV/AIDS patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from January to December 2006 were reviewed. Results: A total of 1320 HIV/AIDS patients had complete records and were reviewed, among which 138 (10.5%) were coinfected with TB (95% CI, 8.9% to 12.2%). Pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 103 (74.6%) patients, among whom only 18 (17.5%) were sputum-positive. Fifty (36.2%) coinfected patients had some type of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB); 15 had both pulmonary TB and EPTB. Among the 35 patients with EPTB only, 20 (57.1%) had abdominal TB, 5 (14.3%) had TB adenitis, 5 (14.3%) had spinal TB, 3 (8.6%) were being monitored for tuberculous meningitis, and 1 (2.9%) each had renal TB and tuberculous adrenalitis. The highest prevalence of TB, 13.7% (n = 28), was seen among patients aged 41–50 years. TB coinfection was significantly associated with marital status, WHO clinical stage, and CD4 count. Marital status (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.28–3.59; P = 0.04), WHO clinical stage at presentation (4.81; 1.42–8.34; P = 0.001), and baseline CD4 count (2.71; 1.51–6.21; P = 0.02) remained significant predictors after adjustment for confounding. Conclusions: The moderately high prevalence of TB among HIV-seropositive patients underscores the urgent need for strategies that lead to rapid identification and treatment of coinfection with active or latent TB

Caracterización molecular de aislados clínicos pertenecientes al complejo Mycobacterium avium

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Fecha de lectura: 10 de Septiembre de 200

Logistics process analysis of e-commerce from a metaverse articulated approach

La digitalización de los comercios dentro de un mundo virtual tridimensional, serán el futuro tecnológico y socioeconómico, que traerá consigo los desafíos logísticos alrededor de la relación entre el mundo digital y el mundo real. En la fecha del presente trabajo, se puede identificar todos los avances e inversiones de grandes empresas alrededor de los metaversos emergentes, con el objetivo principal de hacer parte de lo que proyectan como el futuro de la vida cotidiana de la humanidad. Basado en esto, tanto las grandes empresas a nivel mundial, como pequeños negocios ya comenzaron a adentrarse dentro del mundo virtual, ya sea creando sus propios metaversos o comprando parcelas de tierra dentro de metaversos ya existentes. Al día del presente trabajo, no se tiene conocimiento de ningún negocio o comercio colombiano dentro de lo que se considera como el futuro inevitable, por lo cual es de suma importancia comenzar a tener conocimiento y aplicaciones de los comercios dentro del metaverso y las implicaciones que esto conlleva. Es por esto, que se busca plantear la metodología en la cual un comercio electrónico colombiano puede adentrarse en el espacio virtual tridimensional, al diseñar un espacio 100% virtual en “Unity” que evidencia la vivencia real de un negocio, dentro de un metaverso en el que se pueda interactuar y realizar las compras necesarias o requeridas por el individuo. Por último, se espera que todas las acciones del cliente dentro del metaverso, tenga repercusiones directas con el mundo real, de manera tal, que las interacciones y/o compras que realice, se evidencian por medio de el envio y logística de su producto, facturas electrónicas vía correo, e email marketing de las productos que seleccionó, agregó al carrito, o realizó alguna acción.The digitization of stores within a three-dimensional virtual world will be the technological and socio economic future, which will bring challenges to logistics around the relationship between the digital world and the real world. As of the date of this work, all the refinements and investments of large companies around the emerging metaverses can be identified, with the main objective of being part of the daily future of society. Based on this, both large companies and small businesses have already begun to enter the virtual world, either creating their metaverses or buying parcels of land within existing metaverses. To the date of this work, there is no evidence of any Colombian business or trade within what is considered the probable future, for which it is of most importance to begin to have knowledge and applications of businesses within the metaverse and the implications that this entails. For this reason, it is seeking to propose the methodology in which Colombian e-commerce can enter the three- dimensional virtual space, by designing a 100% virtual space in the multiplatform graphic engine "Unity" that allows the experience of physical commerce, within a metaverse in which the user can interact in many ways. Finally, it is expected that all customer actions within the metaverse will have direct repercussions with the real world, in such a way that said interactions and/or purchases that are made will be evidenced through the shipping and logistics of the product. electronic invoices sent via email, marketing of the products selected and added to the shopping cart, or other actions that may take place in the virtual environment.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Comparative genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing-like strains revealed specific genetic variations associated with virulence and drug resistance.

Rodríguez-Castillo JG, Pino C, Niño LF, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing-like strains revealed specific genetic variations associated with virulence and drug resistance. Infect Genet Evol. 2017;54:314-323