The local non-locals: Second home owners associational engagement in Sweden

The impact of second home tourism in local destinations has been on the research agenda for some time now and can be considered as one of the eternal question in second home tourism research. In available literature it is often argued that second home owners do not contribute in any significant way to a positive local development at the destinations. On the other hand, there are studies arguing that second home owners do contribute to local development and offer one of few opportunities for many rural and peripheral areas. This study aims at contributing to this debate by exploring in what way second home owners engage in local associations at second home destinations in Sweden. Questions addressed relate to second home owners engagement, type of associations they engage in and utilization of second homes. The data used is retrieved from a nation-wide questionnaire survey to 4 000 randomly selected second home owners in Sweden during 2009. Results show that second home owners actively engage in the associational life at the destinations and is to be considered as a potential for local development rather than a problem for places that otherwise would have limited options

REACH Regulation and the Environmental Liability Directive - The registrant's potential liability

The main obligation under Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is the obligation of registration. The company responsible for import and manufacture, as well as an only representative are registrants. To carry out the registration obligation means that the registrant generates information on the substance he registers. For CMR, R50/53, PBT or vPvB substance (substances of higher concern) above 10 tonnes, the registrant is obliged, as a part of the obligation, to perform a chemical safety assessment and generate exposure scenarios containing risk management measures to recommend the safe use of such substances. The system of registration means in effect, that substances of higher concern manufactured or imported in quantities above 10 tonnes per year are assessed and supplied with measures on how to reduce the risks of their use. The responsibility for registering substances of higher concern means that the registrant has the primary responsibility for registration and performing the chemical safety assessment and the generation of exposure scenarios containing adequate risk management measures. The downstream user shall provide the registrant with the appropriate information on his use in order to have his use covered by the registration, but is not involved in generating the exposure scenarios. The downstream user shall identify, apply and recommend such appropriate measures to adequately control risks identified in exposure scenarios attached to the safety data sheets supplied to him. The Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage (ELD) is built on the polluters pay principle and aims to make operators of dangerous activities liable for the environmental damage they cause. The Member States have been given possibilities in implementing the Directive and therefore the effect of the polluters pay principle will depend on the Member States implementing measures. The Directive's definition of occupational activities includes the use of a substance of higher concern. The registrant cannot be considered an operator and cannot therefore be held liable under the provisions of the Directive. However, there is a connection between the registrant's exposure scenario (including operational conditions and risk management measures) and occupational activity and environmental damage caused by such activity. It is possible that the registrants responsibility for correctly performed chemical safety assessment and adequate risk management measures of the exposure scenario will have significance when liable downstream users are invoking the defences provided for under the Directive, or a downstream user's right of recourse at the registrant following such downstream liabilit

Marketing a tourism industry in late stage decline: The case of the Isle of Man

Qualitative interviews in the Isle of Man uncovered local perceptions of a tourism industry in late stage decline. Social impacts of decline are pronounced including facilities loss, cultural changes and a heightening of perceived peripherality: which taken together undermine local identity. Tourists are welcomed as they help to affirm the pride residents have in their island in creating a more active atmosphere, provide social interaction opportunities and to combat negative stereotyping. Thus findings emphasise the diverse, unique and persistent benefits of tourism in the Isle of Man, despite its decline. Destination marketing recommendations are therefore made to better address the experiences and desires of communities experiencing decline

O valor artístico em Edgar Allan Poe e Honoré de Balzac

Este trabalho propõe a possibilidade de, mediante um estudo binário entre dois autores distintos, uma discussão sobre um tema muito explorado e relevante às artes, o julgamento de valor.Para tanto, valemo-nos do conto “O retrato Oval”, de Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) e da novela A obra prima ignorada, de Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850)

Effects on mitochondrial transcription of manipulating mTERF protein levels in cultured human HEK293 cells

Peer reviewe

Visualization of Merging Flow by Usage of PIV and CFD with Application to Grate-Kiln Induration Machines

One way to upgrade iron ore is to process it into pellets. Such a process includes several stages involving complex fluid dynamics. In this work, focus is on the grate-kiln pelletizing process and especially on the rotary kiln, with the objective to get a deeper understanding of the aerodynamics in order to improve the combustion. A down-scaled, simplified model of the real kiln is created and both numerical and experimental analyses of the flow field are performed. Conclusions are that steady state simulations can be used to get an overview over the main features of the flow field. Precautions should though be taken when analyzing the recirculation zone since steady state simulations do not capture the transient, oscillating behavior of the flow seen in the physical experiment. These oscillations will under certain conditions considerably affect the size of the recirculation zone

Shape optimisation of the sharp-heeled Kaplan draft tube: Performance evaluation using Computational Fluid Dynamics

A methodology to assess the performance of an elbow-type draft tube is outlined. This was achieved using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the pressure recovery and mechanical energylosses along a draft tube design, while using open-source and commercial software to parameterise and regenerate the geometry and CFD grid. An initial validation study of the elbow-type draft tube is carriedout, focusing on the grid-regeneration methodology, steady-state assumption, and turbulence modelling approach for evaluating the design’s efficiency. The Grid Convergence Index (GCI) technique was used to assess the uncertainty of the pressure recovery to the grid resolution. It was found that estimating the pressure recovery through area-weighted averaging significantly reduced the uncertainty due to the grid. Simultaneously, it was found that this uncertainty fluctuated with the local cross-sectional area along the geometry. Subsequently, a study of the inflow cone and outer-heel designs on the flowfield and pressure recovery was carried out. Catmull-Rom splines were used to parameterise these components, so as torecreate a number of proposed designs from the literature. GCI analysis is also applied to these designs,demonstrating the robustness of the grid-regeneration methodology

Managing tourism decline: insights from the Isle of Man

Qualitative interviews conducted in the Isle of Man investigate local perceptions of a tourism industry in long-term decline: a development stage typically overlooked. Negative impacts of decline are revealed; including facilities loss, landscape erosion, and a heightened sense of peripherality. Together such impacts undermine local identity and attractiveness of place. Tourists are welcomed as they help to affirm the pride residents have in their island, create atmosphere, provide social interaction opportunities, stimulate positive emotions and combat negative stereotyping. Emphasised is the on-going importance of tourism impacts in a peripheral location. Practioner recommendations are therefore made calling attention to the need to more carefully manage the process of decline. Potential strategies for achieving this are signposted

Migratory Passerine Birds as Reservoirs of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe

Birds host vector ticks and Borrelia species and vary in effectiveness as reservoirs

The Extent and Role of Domestic Tourism in a Small Island: The Case of the Isle of Man

This article presents a case concerning microdomestic tourism on the Isle of Man, British Isles. Despite being a small island, research highlights that considerable domestic tourism occurs (referred to as microdomestic tourism to reflect the small island size and distinguish from wider British Isles tourism), including day trips and overnight stays. Participants identified such behavior as touristic, and distinct from other leisure activities. Qualitative interviews with residents explore the nature of and reasons for microdomestic tourism within a small island. Breaks from routine, entertaining friends and family, and exploring less well known landscapes are shown to underpin. Highlighted is that microdomestic tourism has a variety of potential benefits, which may counter some of the restrictions typically faced by a small island community. Support for an otherwise ailing tourism industry may help to protect facilities and infrastructure used by the wider community, maintain tourism capacity, and provide atmosphere attractive to foreign visitors