DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF ALMOND DE-HUSKING AND DE-SELLING MACHINE

The problem that plague Indian agriculture at present are the capital and labour , especially in the rural areas. Problems related to irrigation, market and transport facility add significant cost to farmers' operations. Since long time, Indian farmers have been facing a number of socioeconomic problems, such as harassment by moneylenders, inability to repay debts following crop loss, inability to get medical treatment for the family, etc. The problem is compounded by lack of positive and cooperative support from banks especially in the face of inclement weather and market fluctuations. There is no commercially available machines for De-husking manually operated have yet been developed that can reliably remove husk and selling with embedded shell after harvest remove hull promptly from the nut in the home orchard .Hull remove best done by hand for the Indian occurring almond. Other machine available only for the foreign seed almond in mass production level which is highly cost which is not suitable for the batch production as a side business for the former which is full-fill the defined requirement of basic condition. There for my approaches to develop low cost portable alternative for almond seed processing for raw almond extraction process which is suitable for the low income former to maintain its live hood with the help of such side business. Side business play a important role if which is on the agriculture if failure in the farm which give economic support to the farmer. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15082

Layer-resolved optical conductivity of Co|Pt multilayers

The complex optical conductivity tensor is calculated for the Co|Pt systems by applying a contour integration technique within the framework of the spin-polarized relativistic screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. It is shown that the optical conductivity of the Co|Pt multilayer systems is dominated by contributions arising from the Pt cap and/or substrate layers.Comment: 7 pages (LaTeX), 2 (a,b) figures (Encapsulated PostScript), J. Magn. Magn. Materials, in pres

Magneto-optical properties of Co|Pt multilayer systems

We are reporting, for the first time in the literature, theoretical Kerr spectra of Co|Pt multilayer systems as obtained on a first principles basis including multiple reflections and interferences from all the boundaries in-between the layers.Comment: 4 pages (LaTeX), 1 (a,b) figures (Encapsulated PostScript), J. Appl. Physics, in pres

Experimental Study of Convective Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Tube Using Nanofluids

Experimental analysis of heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids flowing inside a horizontal circular tube heated with uniform heat flux is conducted at Reynolds number range of 2800 to 5000. Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles of 45 nm average size dispersed in distilled water to form stable nanofluids. The volume concentration range of both nanofluids was 0.1% to 0.7%. The result indicates that heat transfer coefficient of both nanofluids increase as compared to base fluid, water. The heat transfer coefficient of CuO/water nanofluid is higher than that of Al2O3 nanofluid for the same concentration and same Reynolds number. In case of CuO/water nanofluid the percentage increase in heat transfer coefficient at Reynolds number 4800 was 40% as compared to water (at 0.1 vol. %) while in case of Al2O3/water nanofluid it was 22.2%. Further, the pressure drop by using nanofluids was not noticeable

Solar Operated Coin Based Universal Mobile Battery Charger

The growth of mobile phone market is increase day by day and the need for charging the mobile battery is required anytime and anywhere. This paper describes mobile battery charger using solar panel system based on coin and RFID module.Many times on Public Places such as Railway Station & Bus Stop, Unfortunately battery gets discharge during conversation. To overcome this problem the universal mobile battery charger is design. This system is very useful specially in semi urban and rural area where grid power is not available for partial/full time on daily basis. The coin-based mobile battery chargers are designed to solve this problem. This design is based on AVR ATMEGA16, a 40 pin microcontroller with LCD displays showing the actual time left. During the time period, a relay output is latched. This can be used at Hotels, colleges, bus station, Conference centers, Exhibition halls, service offices, Shopping malls, Airports, Train terminals. So that the mobile phone users can reactivate a low battery or dead battery by simply plug in & charging for one rupee

APPLICATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ANALYSIS IN BIO-MEDICINE AND MATERIALS

Heat and mass transfer analysis has its application in various fields including automobile, steam-electric power generation, energy systems, HVAC, electronic device cooling and in characterizing and diagnosing diseases. Here we have focused on applying the principles of heat and mass transfer to biological tissue and materials. In the first part we introduce a computational method to simultaneously estimate size, location and blood perfusion of model cancerous breast lesions from surface temperature data. A 2-dimensional computational phantom of axisymmetric tumorous breast with six tissue layers, epidermis, papillary dermis, reticular dermis, fat, gland, muscle layer and spherical tumor was used to generate surface temperature distributions and estimate tumor characteristics iteratively using an inverse algorithm based on the Levenberg-Marquardt method. However, similar steady state temperature profiles for different tumors are insufficient to simultaneously estimate blood perfusion, size and location of tumor. This becomes possible when transient temperature data are used along with steady state data. Thus, in addition to the steady state temperature data, we modified and expanded the inverse algorithm to include transient data that can be captured by dynamic infrared imaging. Blood perfusion is an indicator of the growth rate of the tumor and therefore its evaluation can lead to assessment of tumor malignancy. In the second part we treat X-ray computed tomography (CT) perfusion. The goal was to reduce the total radiation exposure by reducing the number of scans without compromising information integrity. CT scan images obtained from a rabbit model of liver and tumors were processed using the maximum slope (MS) method to estimate blood perfusion in the liver. Limitations of MS method are also discussed. The MS method makes use of key time points, forming the basis of the rationale to explore optimization strategies that utilize variable time intervals, rather than the more common approach of fixed time intervals. Results show that this leads to significant improvement, without compromising diagnostic information. In the last section we explore the magnetic shielding efficacy of superconducting materials and methods to mitigate the effect of necessary discontinuities in superconducting shield

Development and validation of analytical methods for the simultaneous estimation of Nimorazole and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form

Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Nimorazole and Ofloxacin from tablet dosage form. Method І involves formation of ‘simultaneous equations’ at 304 nm (λ max of Nimorazole) and 287.5 nm (λ max of Ofloxacin); while Method ІІ involves, formation of ‘Absorbance ratio equation’ at 301(isoabsorptive point) and 287.5 nm (λ max of Ofloxacin) using distilled water as a solvent. The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5 - 25 μg/ml for Nimorazole and 2 - 10 μg/ml for Ofloxacin. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies and were found satisfactory

Large Format Multifunction 2-Terabyte Optical Disk Storage System

The Kodak Digital Science OD System 2000E automated disk library (ADL) base module and write-once drive are being developed as the next generation commercial product to the currently available System 2000 ADL. Under government sponsorship with the Air Force's Rome Laboratory, Kodak is developing magneto-optic (M-O) subsystems compatible with the Kodak Digital Science ODW25 drive architecture, which will result in a multifunction (MF) drive capable of reading and writing 25 gigabyte (GB) WORM media and 15 GB erasable media. In an OD system 2000 E ADL configuration with 4 MF drives and 100 total disks with a 50% ration of WORM and M-O media, 2.0 terabytes (TB) of versatile near line mass storage is available