Biology of irises

Iris je rod biljaka koji sadrži oko 300 vrsta, a rasprostranjen je na cijeloj Sjevernoj Zemljinoj polutci. Staništa su im također jako varijabilna pa ih se može naći od pustinja do močvara. To su višegodišnje zeljaste biljke s rizomom koji puže ili lukovicom. Zahvaljujući svojim velikim i često živopisno obojenim cvjetovima, ove biljke su od najranije povijesti fascinirale ljude. Cvjetovi se najlakše mogu prepoznati po šest listića perigona od kojih su tri vanjska često različite veličine i oblika od tri unutrašnja listića te su međusobno nasuprotno raspoređeni. Ovako veliki rod u kojemu postoje mnogi prirodni križanci je bilo teško točno sistematizirati. Mnogi botaničari su se bavili klasifikacijom ovoga roda, a danas se smatra da se rod Iris može podijeliti na šest podrodova. Moderne analize temeljene na sekvencioniranju DNA pokazuju da neki podrodovi nemaju monofiletsko podrijetlo, te je očito da je potrebno napraviti noviju klasifikaciju temeljenu na spomenutoj metodi. Rod je prisutan u flori Hrvatske s dvanaest samoniklih svojti.Iris is a genus of plants that includes about 300 species and it's distributed on the hole Northen Hemisphere. Their habitats are also extremely variable so they can be found anywhere from deserts to swamps. They are perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes or bulbs. Due to their large and often vividly coloured flowers, these plants have fascinated people from the very beginning. Flowers can be easily recognized by their six petals of perigon of which the outer three are often of different sizes and shapes compared to the three inner ones. Inner and outer petals are opposite from each other. Genus this big in wich many natural hybrids exist was hard to classify. Many botanists were involved in classification of this genus, and today is considered that genus Iris can be divided into six subgenera. Modern analysis that are based on DNA sequence data shows that some subgenera don't have monophyletic origin and it's obvious that new classification based on this method is needed. Genus is present in flora of Croatia with twelve indigenous taxa

Synthesis of foamed bioceramics for potential medical applications

Cílem práce byla příprava porézních vzorků HAP pro potenciálně medicínské aplikace. HAP byl připraven metodou sol-gel a precipitační. Vzorky HAP byly podrobeny analýze FTIR, XRD, SEM. Takto připravený HAP byl napěněn pomocí houbové metody s jasně definovanými póry a pomocí polymerního a skleněného expanzelu s různou distribucí a velikostí pórů. U výsledných napěněných vzorků byla vyhodnocena mikrostruktura a povrchová analýza pomocí SEM, zjištěna porozita pomocí Hg porozimetru a sledována bioaktivita in vitro v SBF. Byly zjištěny jasně definované makro, mezo a mikro póry při různé distribuci. U houbové metody pomocí sol-gel došlo k vytvoření jasně definovaných a pravidelných pórů s monodisperzní porozitou. Dominantní velikost póru byla stanovena v rozmezí 1–5 µm. Celková porozita byla stanovena na 63,5 % s celkovým povrchem 3,048 1 m/g. Precipitační metodou s polymerním expanzelem došlo k polydisperznímu rozložení pórů s třemi hlavními fázemi v rozmezí: 50–100 µm, 5–10 µm a 0,5–1 µm. Celková porozita byla stanovena na 67,6 % s celkovým povrchem 19,090 3 m/g. Bioaktivita výsledných napěněných vzorků in vitro byla sledována po dobu 7 dnů v připraveném SBF. Při napěnění sol-gel houbovou metodou nevznikla výsledná bioaktivní vrstva. U precipitační metody napěněné pomocí polymerního expanzelu vznikla nepravidelná bioaktivní vrstva. Výsledky byly naměřeny pomocí SEM analýzy.The main aims of the diploma work were focused on the preparation of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics for potential biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite slurries were synthesized by sol-gel and precipitation method. Then, the slurries were dried and calcinated at 1000 °C for phase control. These samples of HAP were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. To prepare apatite porous ceramics, the slurries were foamed by polymeric sponge method and direct foaming method including (polymeric expancel and glass bubbles). The sintering temperature was established after 1000 °C by sponge method and 1200 °C by direct foaming. The microstructure measurement by SEM and structure analysis by MIP of both porous hydroxyaptite indicates the regular porosity including macro, meso and micropores with different pore size distribution. The average size of pores prepared by sponge method is found between 1-5 µm with mono-dispersed porosity. The total porosity is 63.5 % with the total surface area 3.048 1 m/g. Porous hydroxyapatite prepared from expancel showed a poly-dispersed porosity with three main areas: 50–100 µm, 5–10 µm and the third one in range 0.5–1 µm, respectively. The total porosity is 67.6 % with total surface area 19.090 3 m/g. The bioactivity of both was tested in SBF for 7 days. It was found that in precipitation method was observed non-compact bioactive layer. The results were measered by SEM analysis.

Preparation of bioceramic materials for medical applications

Cílem práce bylo připravit vzorky práškového hydroxyapatitu pomocí sol-gel a precipitační metody. Po syntéze byly prášky vylisovány a vypáleny při teplotách 500 °C, 800 °C a 1100 °C. Vzorky HAP byly podrobeny analýze FTIR, XRD, SEM. Výsledné měření poukazuje na velikost HAP částic v rozmezí mikro až nano rozměrů. Průměrná velikost dominantních zrn je v oblasti kolem 5 – 8 µm pokryté menšími částicemi o rozměru 1 µm. Byla sledována mikrostruktura materiálu a bioaktivita in vitro v simulovaném krevním roztoku po 4 týdnech. Bioaktivita byla ovlivněna teplotou výpalu, od které závisí mikrostruktura. Je zřejmé, že tloušťka vrstvy hydroxyapatitu na povrchu roste s teplotou výpalu.The aim of this work was to prepare hydroxyapatite powder by sol-gel and precipitation method. Then, the powders were pressed and sintered at 500 °C, 800 °C and 1100 °C. These samples of HAP were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM methods. The microstructure measurement by SEM indicates that the size HAP particles varies from micro to nano meter. The average size of dominant particles is determined around 5 – 8 µm with surrounding fine particles of 1 µm size. The in vitro bioactivity of HAP samples was investigated by immersing them in Simulated Blood Fluid for 4 weeks. The work reports the result of mikrostructure analysis of samples after immersion. The bioactivity was influenced by the sintering temperature. It is evident, that the layer of the new hydroxyapatite phase formed during immersion on the surface of initial HAP samples changes with temperatures.

Trust based algorithm for candidate node selection in hybrid MANET-DTN

The hybrid MANET - DTN is a mobile network that enables transport of the data between groups of the disconnected mobile nodes. The network provides benefits of the Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) and Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). The main problem of the MANET occurs if the communication path is broken or disconnected for some short time period. On the other side, DTN allows sending data in the disconnected environment with respect to higher tolerance to delay. Hybrid MANET - DTN provides optimal solution for emergency situation in order to transport information. Moreover, the security is the critical factor because the data are transported by mobile devices. In this paper, we investigate the issue of secure candidate node selection for transportation of the data in a disconnected environment for hybrid MANET- DTN. To achieve the secure selection of the reliable mobile nodes, the trust algorithm is introduced. The algorithm enables select reliable nodes based on collecting routing information. This algorithm is implemented to the simulator OPNET modeler

Novi nalazi rijetke mahovine Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. u Hrvatskoj

A rare moss Buxbaumia aphylla was only recently found in Croatia. Here we report five new localities, one from Dilj Gora and four from Mt. Papuk. Small populations on bare acidic soil within the forest and along the forest edges were registered.Rijetka mahovina Buxbaumia aphylla tek je nedavno po prvi puta pronađena u Hrvatskoj. U priopćenju se navodi pet novih nalazišta vrste, jedno na Dilj gori i četiri na Papuku. Pronađene su male populacije na golom kiselom tlu unutar šume i uz rub šume

New finding of the rare species Sedum annuum L. (Crassulaceae) on Mt. Papuk (Croatia)

Jednogodišnji žednjak (Sedum annuum L.), rijetka i slabo poznata vrsta hrvatske flore, pronađen je na zapadnom Papuku u okolici tvrđave Kamengrad i susjednom Kobilskom brdu. Prije ovoga nalaza vrsta je u Hrvatskoj zabilježena samo jednom, 1975. godine na otoku Braču.Annual Stonecrop (Sedum annuum L.), rare and poorly known species of the Croatian flora, was found on western part of Mt. Papuk, in the vicinity of the remains of Kamengrad fort and also on Kobilsko brdo nearby. Before this finding, the species was recorded in Croatia only once, on the island of Brač in 1975

Biology of irises

Iris je rod biljaka koji sadrži oko 300 vrsta, a rasprostranjen je na cijeloj Sjevernoj Zemljinoj polutci. Staništa su im također jako varijabilna pa ih se može naći od pustinja do močvara. To su višegodišnje zeljaste biljke s rizomom koji puže ili lukovicom. Zahvaljujući svojim velikim i često živopisno obojenim cvjetovima, ove biljke su od najranije povijesti fascinirale ljude. Cvjetovi se najlakše mogu prepoznati po šest listića perigona od kojih su tri vanjska često različite veličine i oblika od tri unutrašnja listića te su međusobno nasuprotno raspoređeni. Ovako veliki rod u kojemu postoje mnogi prirodni križanci je bilo teško točno sistematizirati. Mnogi botaničari su se bavili klasifikacijom ovoga roda, a danas se smatra da se rod Iris može podijeliti na šest podrodova. Moderne analize temeljene na sekvencioniranju DNA pokazuju da neki podrodovi nemaju monofiletsko podrijetlo, te je očito da je potrebno napraviti noviju klasifikaciju temeljenu na spomenutoj metodi. Rod je prisutan u flori Hrvatske s dvanaest samoniklih svojti.Iris is a genus of plants that includes about 300 species and it's distributed on the hole Northen Hemisphere. Their habitats are also extremely variable so they can be found anywhere from deserts to swamps. They are perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes or bulbs. Due to their large and often vividly coloured flowers, these plants have fascinated people from the very beginning. Flowers can be easily recognized by their six petals of perigon of which the outer three are often of different sizes and shapes compared to the three inner ones. Inner and outer petals are opposite from each other. Genus this big in wich many natural hybrids exist was hard to classify. Many botanists were involved in classification of this genus, and today is considered that genus Iris can be divided into six subgenera. Modern analysis that are based on DNA sequence data shows that some subgenera don't have monophyletic origin and it's obvious that new classification based on this method is needed. Genus is present in flora of Croatia with twelve indigenous taxa

Migration as a Political and Public Phenomenon: The Case of Czech Republic

Publication within the project “The V4 towards migration challenges in Europe. An analysis and recommendations” is financed by Visegrad Fund

Liquid Territoriality and Al-Shabaab

The text presents a contribution to the study of territoriality of violent non-state actors in areas of limited internal state power projection. It presents the strategy of liquid territoriality as a survival strategy of the territorial violent non-state actors, as well as a strategy to develop protostate structures. It builds on three pillars – minimal opposition of (primarily external) state security services, support from the local population, and the ability to reflect the dynamic development of power distribution. This strategy is later applied to Al-Shabaab. This application helps us to better understand not only the territorial development of the movement but also the limits of territorial control of violent non-state actors in general