Structuring for serendipity: family wealth creation, farmer autonomy and the pursuit of security in an uncertain Australian countryside

The social and economic particularities of family farms have captured researchers’ attention for many years; but rural scholarship still lacks a clear, analytical sense of how and why family farms are organised in the ways that they are. This thesis critically examines the internal logics underpinning the socio-economic organisation of Australian farms. It adopts Johnsen’s (2003) conceptualisation of farm enterprises as three-way coalitions between farm businesses, farm households and the respective property holdings. Changes to the Australian agricultural property regime are used as the lens through which to observe how the organisational logics of farm enterprises are recalibrated in response to environmental policy reforms; specifically, the separation of land and water titles. Despite the obvious economic significance of separating land and water titles, the impacts on farm organisation remain under-researched. Hence, this thesis uniquely brings together scholarship on family farming with that of water reforms. A qualitative research method – farm life history – is used to generate narratives of the development of 40 farms in Victoria, Australia. Twenty-one of these are from an irrigation district where land and water titles have been separated, and nineteen from a dry land region unaffected by the reforms. The interpretive chapters comprise an analysis of the ways in which the ownership configurations of farm businesses, land and water assets embody farmers’ aspirations for building wealth and maintaining autonomy. These aspirations are jointly articulated in the concept of ‘structuring for serendipity’, which elevates the notions of risk, uncertainty and security as critical drivers shaping farm-level responses to contemporary conditions. The thesis concludes that the organisational forms observed within the Australian agricultural sector ultimately represent farmers’ pursuit of a sense of security in a constantly changing and uncertain countryside

До питання про культурну атрибутацію шару ранньозалізного віку на городищі Теребовля І

У статті на основі досліджень І.Русанової, Р.Миська та М.Ягодинської проведено атрибутацію культурного шару ранньозалізного віку на городищі літописної Теребовлі. Висловлюється припущення, що перші оборонні споруди на городищі Теребовля І «Замкова Гора», вал 3-ій та 4-ий городища збудовані носіями висоцької культури у ІХ-VIII ст. до н.е

Transient nucleation driven by solvent evaporation

We theoretically investigate homogeneous crystal nucleation in a solution containing a solute and a volatile solvent. The solvent evaporates from the solution, thereby continuously increasing the concentration of the solute. We view it as an idealized model for the far-out-of-equilibrium conditions present during the liquid-state manufacturing of organic electronic devices. Our model is based on classical nucleation theory, taking the solvent to be a source of the transient conditions in which the solute drops out of solution. Other than that, the solvent is not directly involved in the nucleation process itself. We approximately solve the kinetic master equations using a combination of Laplace transforms and singular perturbation theory, providing an analytical expression for the nucleation flux, predicting that (i) the nucleation flux lags slightly behind a commonly used quasi-steady-state approximation, an effect that is governed by two counteracting effects originating from the solvent evaporation: while a faster evaporation rate results in an increasingly larger influence of the lag time on the nucleation flux, this lag time itself we find to decrease with increasing evaporation rate, (ii) the nucleation flux and the quasi-steady-state nucleation flux are never identical, except trivially in the stationary limit and (iii) the initial induction period of the nucleation flux, which we characterize with a generalized induction time, decreases weakly with the evaporation rate. This indicates that the relevant time scale for nucleation also decreases with increasing evaporation rate. Our analytical theory compares favorably with results from numerical evaluation of the governing kinetic equations

Дії, що дезорганізують роботу установ виконання покарань: співрозмірність злочину та покарання

Досліджується співрозмірність покарання за дії, що дезорганізують роботу уста­нов виконання покарань (ст. 392 КК України), із характером та ступенем суспільної небезпеки цього злочину, а також співрозмірність покарання за злочин, що розгля­дається, із покараннями за окремі злочини із суміжними складами.Исследуется соразмерность наказания за действия, которые дезорганизуют рабо­ту учреждений исполнения наказаний (ст. 392 УК Украины), с характером и уровнем общественной опасности этого преступления, а также с соразмерность наказания за расматриваемое преступление с наказаними за отдельные преступления со смежными составами.The article contains the study of adequacy of punishment for actions disorganizing work of penitentiary institutions (art. 392 of Criminal Code of Ukraine) and public danger of this crime also punishments for other crimes

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of adenoviruses occurring in a single anole species

Adenoviruses (AdVs) infect a wide range of hosts, and they have undergone recent and ancient host transfers multiple times. In reptiles, AdVs have been found in many captive individuals, and have been implicated in morbidity and mortality in several species. Yet the pathogenicity, transmission, phylogenetic distribution, and source of AdVs in the environment are still unknown. We therefore chose to opportunistically sample deceased captive Anolis sagrei individuals that were collected from different populations in the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, as well as fecal samples from one island population, to explore the disease dynamics and diversity of adenovirus infecting A. sagrei populations. We found that adenovirus infection was present in our captive colony at low prevalence (26%), and was likely not the primary cause of observed morbidity and mortality. Among the 10 individuals (out of 38 sampled) which tested positive for adenovirus, we identified four adenovirus clades, several of which are distantly related, despite the close relationships of the A. sagrei host populations. These results suggest that while adenovirus may not be highly prevalent in the wild, it is present at low levels across much of the range of A. sagrei. It may undergo frequent host switching across both deep and shallow host divergences

Samengestelde, peilgestuurde drainage in Nederland : voortgangsrapport 1

Verslag van het eerste uitvoeringsjaar van het project ‘Drainage tegen verdroging en voor een beter milieu; veldonderzoek naar het functioneren van samengestelde peilgestuurde drainage.’ Binnen dit project ligt de proeflocatie Ospel. In dit project willen wij hier configuraties van samengestelde, peilgestuurde drainage systemen vergelijken, en tegelijkertijd effect kwantificeren van ongedraineerd perceel op groeiomstandigheden, verloop van het gehalte aan bodemvocht en de kwaliteit van het ondiepe grondwate

Modifications to the Cauchy–Born rule: Applications in the deformation of single-walled carbon nanotubes

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the Cauchy–Born (CB) rule as applied to the deformation analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are modeled as 2-dimensional manifolds. The C–C bond vectors in the SWNT are assumed to deform according to the local deformation gradient as per the CB rule or a modified version thereof. Aspects of the CB rule related to spatial inhomogeneity of the deformation gradient at the atomic scale are investigated in the context of a specific class of extension–twist deformation problems. Analytic expressions are derived for the deformed bond lengths using the standard CB rule as well as modified versions of the standard CB rule. Since the deformation map is conveniently prescribed in this work, it is possible to compare the performance of these deformation rules with the exact solution (i.e. the exact analytic expression for the deformed bond vectors) given directly by the deformation map. This approach provides insights into the CB rule and its possible modifications for use in more complicated deformations where an explicit deformation map is not available. Specifically, it is concluded that in the case of inhomogeneous deformations at the atomic scale for which the CB rule is only approximate (as demonstrated in Section 1 of this paper), the mean value theorem in calculus can be used as a guide to modify the CB rule and construct a more rigorous and accurate atomistic–continuum connection. The deformed bond lengths are used to formulate an enriched continuum hyperelastic strain energy density function based on interatomic potentials (the multi-body Tersoff–Brenner [Tersoff, J., 1988. New empirical approach for the structure and energy of covalent systems. Phys. Rev. B 37, 6991–7000; Brenner, D.W., 1990. Empirical potential for hydrocarbons for use in simulating the chemical vapor deposition of diamond films. Phys. Rev. B 42, 9458–9471] empirical interatomic potential for carbon-carbon bonds is used in this work). The deformation map (and hence the deformation gradient, the bond vectors and the continuum strain energy density) contains certain parameters, some of which are imposed and others determined as a result of energy minimization in the standard variational formulation. Numerical results for kinematic coupling and binding energy per atom are presented in the case of imposed extension and twist deformations on representative chiral, zig-zag and armchair nanotubes using the CB rule and its modifications. These results are compared with the exact solution based on the deformation map which serves as a basis for evaluating the efficacy of these deformation rules. The ideas presented in this paper can also be directly extended to other lattices