Impact of anesthesia on some of physiological parameters in Acipenser nudiventris

Impact of anesthesia with electric shock on some of physiological parameters was studied in in Acipenser nudiventris in this study, we investigated the induction and recovery times and physiological response of Acipenser nudiventris. We anesthetized them by CO2 (mmhg), clove powder (mg/L), and electric shock (V). Shortest and longest induction time were 0.15 min and 4.25 min when electric shock and clove powder were used. On the other hand, shortest and longest time of recovery time were 3.23 min and 2. 20 min respectively when electric shock and CO2 gas were used. Cortisol and glucose levels increased 1 and 6 hours after anesthesia. Changes in plasma osmolality were less among the anesthesia treatments. Results demonstrated that electric shock was a more effective method for quick induction time, although all anesthetic methods were found to be safe

Zaragozanos. Entre las muchas y brillantes pruebas que con indecible satisfaccion mia he encontrado en vosotros de amor y lealtad á nuestro augusto Monarca, ninguna mayor que el cuerpo de voluntarios Realistas formado á impulsos de vuestra virtud y heroismo ...

Copia digital : Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza. Servicio de Archivos y Bibliotecas, 2010v. de la h. en bl

The combination of a blood test and Fibroscan improves the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis

Background and aims: Blood tests and liver stiffness evaluation (LSE) by ultrasonographic elastometry are accurate tools for diagnosing liver fibrosis. We evaluated whether their synchronous combination in new scores could improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce liver biopsy requirement in algorithm. Methods: Three hundred and ninety patients with chronic liver disease of miscellaneous causes were included. Five blood fibrosis tests were evaluated: APRI, FIB-4, Hepascore, Fibrotest and FibroMeter. The reference was fibrosis Metavir staging. Results: Diagnosis of significant fibrosis (Metavir F≥2). The most accurate synchronous combination was FibroMeter+LSE, which provided a significantly higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.892) than LSE alone (0.867, P=0.011) or Fibrometer (0.834, P<10−3). An algorithm using the FibroMeter+LSE combination and then a liver biopsy in indeterminate cases had 91.9% diagnostic accuracy and required significantly fewer biopsies (20.2%) than previously published Bordeaux algorithm (28.6%, P=0.02) or sequential algorithm for fibrosis evaluation (SAFE) (55.7%, P<10−3). The Angers algorithm performance was not significantly different between viral hepatitis and other causes. Diagnosis of cirrhosis. The most accurate synchronous combination was LSE+FibroMeter, which provided ≥90% predictive values for cirrhosis in 90.6% of patients vs 87.4% for LSE (P=0.02) and 57.9% for FibroMeter (P<10−3). An algorithm including the LSE+FibroMeter combination, and then a liver biopsy in indeterminate cases, had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than the SAFE algorithm (91.0 vs 79.8%, P<10−3), and required significantly fewer biopsies than the Bordeaux algorithm (9.3 vs 25.3%, P<10−3). Conclusion: The synchronous combination of a blood test plus LSE improves the accuracy of the non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and, consequently, markedly decreases the biopsy requirement in the diagnostic algorithm, notably to <10% in cirrhosis diagnosis

Not saying, not doing: Convergences, contingencies and causal mechanisms of state reform and decentralisation in Hollande’s France

Are States in contemporary Europe subject to new forms of convergence under the impact of economic crisis, enhanced European steering and international monitoring? Or is the evolution of governance (national and sub-national) driven fundamentally by diverging, mainly domestic pressures? Drawing on extensive new data, the article combines analysis of the State Modernisation and Decentralisation reform programmes of the Hollande–Ayrault administration, drawing comparisons where appropriate with the previous Sarkozy regime. The limits of President Hollande’s anti-Sarkozy method were demonstrated in the first 2 years; framing state reform and decentralisation in negative terms prevented the emergence of a coherent legitimising discourse. The empirical data is interpreted with reference to a comparative ‘States of Convergence’ framework, which is conceptualised as a heuristic device for analysing variation between places, countries and policy fields. The article concludes that the forces of hard convergence are gaining ground, as economic, epistemic and European pressures continually challenge the forces of institutional inertia

Combined feeding of rabbit female and young: Partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre or/and neutral detergent soluble fibre at two protein levels

To evaluate the effects of the composition of weaning diets used for combined feeding both on the performance and body condition of rabbit does and on the growth and health of young rabbits, eight experimental diets were formulated according to a factorial design 2×2×2, the three factors being: i) partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre (ADF), ii) partial replacement of starch with neutral detergent soluble fibre (NDSF) and iii) reduction of the crude protein (CP) content from 175 to 145g kg-1 dry matter (DM). The study involved 138 rabbit does and 318 litters fed experimental diets from 17th to 28th day of lactation (weaning). Thereafter, 2371 weaned rabbits (784 in individual cages and 1587 in collective ones) continued receiving the same experimental diets until 49days of age and a commercial finishing diet until 60days of age. Replacing starch with ADF increased feed intake of does (+26±5g DM day-1, P<0.001) but, only with high CP diets, impaired their milk yield (-15±6g day-1, P<0.01) and perirenal fat thickness (PFT) change (-0.41±0.13mm, P<0.01), as well as litter weight at weaning (-154±52g, P<0.01); from weaning to 49days of age, this replacement increased feed intake (+14±2g DM day-1, P<0.001) and impaired live weight gain (-1.6±0.7g day-1, P<0.05), but reduced mortality rate (-10.2%, P<0.001). Replacing starch with NDSF reduced feed intake of does, in greater extent with high CP diets (-34±6g DM day-1, P<0.001) than with low CP diets (-19±7g DM day-1, P<0.01), as well as their milk yield (-16±4g day-1, P<0.001), with impairing PFT change only with high CP diets (-0.30±0.13mm, P<0.05); litter feed intake and weight at weaning were also negatively affected (-14.4±2.5g DM day-1, -202±38g, P<0.001); from weaning to 49days of age, this replacement reduced feed intake (-8±2g DM day-1, P<0.001), impaired live weight gain only with low CP diets (-2.3±1.0g day-1, P<0.05) and reduced mortality rate (-15.1%, P<0.001). Reducing CP content affected negatively feed intake of does (-22±5g DM day-1, P<0.001), as well as their milk yield, this impairment being more important with more starch-less ADF diets (-24±5g day-1, P<0.001) than with less starch-more ADF diets (-13±6g day-1, P<0.05), and, only with more starch-less ADF diets, PFT change (-0.36±0.13mm, P<0.01); litter feed intake was affected negatively (-20.1±2.4g DM day-1, P<0.001), as well as litter weight at weaning, in great extent when fed more starch-less ADF diets (-581±52g, P<0.001) than when fed less starch-more ADF diets (-403±54g, P<0.001); from weaning to 49days of age, this dietary change reduced feed intake (-6±2g DM day-1, P<0.001) and impaired live weight gain (-5.0±0.7g, P<0.001), but reduced mortality rate (-19.9%, P<0.001). Overall, the three dietary changes under study impaired milk yield, body condition of does and litter weight at weaning, although the negative effect of replacing starch with ADF was only observed in the high CP diets; moreover, growth during post-weaning period also decreased. However, in an Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy context, mortality rate during this period was reduced by these three dietary changes, which effects seemed additive. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Proyecto AGL2006-07596).Martínez Vallespín, B.; Martinez-Paredes, E.; Ródenas Martínez, L.; Cervera Fras, MC.; Pascual Amorós, JJ.; Blas Ferrer, E. (2011). Combined feeding of rabbit female and young: Partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre or/and neutral detergent soluble fibre at two protein levels. Livestock Science. 141(2-3):155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.05.014S1551651412-

Using historical accounts of harpsichord touch to empirically investigate the production and perception of dynamics on the 1788 Taskin.

This article investigates the extent of production and perception of dynamic differences on a French historical harpsichord, extensively revised in 1788 by Pascal Taskin. A historical review reports on the descriptions of two different types of touch found in treatises of the 18th century. These two touches (loud/struck and soft/pressed) were used to perform single tones on the lower, upper, peau de buffle (PDB) registers (the last of which Taskin is credited with having invented) and the coupled 8-foot registers to investigate differences in dynamics. Acoustic measurements show varied differences of up to 11 dB for the two types of touch over different pitches in each register. The strongest difference is measured in the first harmonic of note F2 on the PDB. A listening experiment was conducted to test whether these differences are perceivable. Participants performed a discrimination task using pairs of single tones. Participants were able to perform significantly better than chance in correctly identifying whether pairs of single tones were same or different with respect to loudness [t(24) = 12.01, p < 0.001]. Accuracies were influenced by pitch and register, the PDB providing the strongest accuracies over the four registers tested

Precise evaluation of liver histology by computerized morphometry shows that steatosis influences liver stiffness measured by transient elastography in chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND: Liver stiffness evaluation (LSE) by Fibroscan is now widely used to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Liver steatosis is a common lesion in chronic hepatitis C as in other chronic liver diseases, but its influence on LSE remains unclear. We aimed to precisely determine the influence of steatosis on LSE by using quantitative and precise morphometric measurements of liver histology. METHODS: 650 patients with chronic hepatitis C, liver biopsy, and LSE were included. Liver specimens were evaluated by optical analysis (Metavir F and A, steatosis grading) and by computerized morphometry to determine the area (%, reflecting quantity) and fractal dimension (FD, reflecting architecture) of liver fibrosis and steatosis. RESULTS: The relationships between LSE and liver histology were better described using morphometry. LSE median was independently linked to fibrosis (area or FD), steatosis (area or FD), activity (serum AST), and IQR/LSE median. Steatosis area ≥4.0 % induced a 50 % increase in LSE result in patients with fibrosis area &lt;9 %. In patients with IQR/LSE median ≤0.30, the rate of F0/1 patients misclassified as F ≥ 2 by Fibroscan was, respectively for steatosis area &lt;4.0 and ≥4.0 %: 12.6 vs 32.4 % (p = 0.003). Steatosis level did not influence LSE median when fibrosis area was ≥9 %, and consequently did not increase the rate of F ≤ 3 patients misclassified as cirrhotic. CONCLUSION: A precise evaluation of liver histology by computerized morphometry shows that liver stiffness measured by Fibroscan is linked to liver fibrosis, activity, and also steatosis. High level of steatosis induces misevaluation of liver fibrosis by Fibroscan

The Restriction of Zoonotic PERV Transmission by Human APOBEC3G

The human APOBEC3G protein is an innate anti-viral factor that can dominantly inhibit the replication of some endogenous and exogenous retroviruses. The prospects of purposefully harnessing such an anti-viral defense are under investigation. Here, long-term co-culture experiments were used to show that porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) transmission from pig to human cells is reduced to nearly undetectable levels by expressing human APOBEC3G in virus-producing pig kidney cells. Inhibition occurred by a deamination-independent mechanism, likely after particle production but before the virus could immortalize by integration into human genomic DNA. PERV inhibition did not require the DNA cytosine deaminase activity of APOBEC3G and, correspondingly, APOBEC3G-attributable hypermutations were not detected. In contrast, over-expression of the sole endogenous APOBEC3 protein of pigs failed to interfere significantly with PERV transmission. Together, these data constitute the first proof-of-principle demonstration that APOBEC3 proteins can be used to fortify the innate anti-viral defenses of cells to prevent the zoonotic transmission of an endogenous retrovirus. These studies suggest that human APOBEC3G-transgenic pigs will provide safer, PERV-less xenotransplantation resources and that analogous cross-species APOBEC3-dependent restriction strategies may be useful for thwarting other endogenous as well as exogenous retrovirus infections