Abdominal obesity in adolescents: Development of age-specific waist circumference cut-offs linked to adult IDF criteria

We provide age- and sex-specific cut-off points that can be used to identify abdominal obesity in adolescents. The present findings provide a tool that can be used in the clinical setting for the early detection and prevention of adult obesity. Population-specific cutoffs may be required for pediatric ages to diagnose children at risk. 1 | INTRODUCTION The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity has increased substantially over the past decades in both developed and developing countries (Ng et al., 2014; de Onis, Blosser, & Borghi, 2010). The risk of overweight and obese youth becoming overweight adults is at least twice as high as their regular-weight peers (Singh, Mulder, Twisk, Van Mechelen, & Chinapaw, 2008). Body mass index (BMI) is a widely recognized surrogate of obesit

ENERGIA MAREMOTRIZ: PRINCIPAIS ASPECTOS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS

Devido à crise energética que atingiu o Brasil nos últimos anos, o emprego de novas formas de tecnologia de geração de energia torna-se fundamental para o atendimento da demanda energética. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir os principais aspectos relacionados a energia maremotriz. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória de caráter qualitativo sobre o tema. Por meio da metodologia empregada, tornou-se possível observar que a energia maremotriz possui grandes vantagens e viabilidade de implantação, principalmente nas regiões norte e nordeste do país, devendo por isso serem pensadas iniciativas e incentivos para que os projetos que incluem essa forma de geração sejam realmente implementados

Degradação térmica de resíduos de resinas dentárias reticuladas a base de PMMA: Recuperação do MMA / Thermal degradation of cross-linked PMMA-based dental resins scraps: Recovery of MMA

Neste trabalho, os resíduos de resina dentária reticulado a base de PMMA, foi submetido a pirólise para recuperar o MMA (Metilmetacrilato). A degradação térmica de resíduos de resinas dentárias à base de PMMA reticulado, foi analisada por termo-gravimetria (TG) e termo-gravimetria derivada (DTG) para orientar as condições de operação em escala piloto. A pirólise foi realizada em um reator de 143L, a 420°C e 1,0 atm. A composição química da reação de produtos líquidos de reação obtidos a 420°C, 40, 60, 80, 100, 110 e 130 minutos determinados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). O rendimento da fase líquida foi 48.20% (m./m.), enquanto o da fase gasosa foi 40.13% (m./m.). O GC-MS identificou nos produtos líquidos de reação a 420°C e 1,0 atm, ésteres do ácido acrílico e cetonas, mostrando concentrações de MMA (Metilmetacrilato) entre 94.51 e 98.85% (área). As concentrações de MMA (Metilmetacrilato) na fase líquida, entre 40 e 80 minutos, alcançaram purezas acima de 98% (área), diminuindo com o aumento do tempo de reação após 100 minutos, tornando assim possível despolimerizar os resíduos de resinas dentais reticuladas à base de PMMA por pirólise para recuperar o MMA (Metilmetacrilato)

Analysis of the association between lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism and dental caries

OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the association between lactotransferrin (LTF) gene polymorphism (exon 2, A/G, Lys/Arg) and dental caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A convenience sample of 110 individuals, 12 years old, was divided into: group 1, 48 individuals without caries experience (DMFT=0), and group 2, 62 subjects with caries experience (DMFT>;1). DNA was obtained from a mouthwash with 3% glucose solution, followed by a scrapping of the oral mucosa. After DNA purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was performed to access the study polymorphism. The LTF A/G (Lys/Arg) polymorphism had been previously reported as located in exon 1. RESULTS: Allele 1 of the study polymorphism was associated with low DMFT index and showed a protective effect against caries experience (OR=0.16, IC=0.03-0.76, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Lactotransferrin A/G (exon 2, Lys/Arg) polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to dental caries in 12-year-old students

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio