Timing manipulations reveal the lack of a causal link across timing of annual-cycle stages in a long-distance migrant

Organisms need to time their annual-cycle stages, like breeding and migration, to occur at the right time of the year. Climate change has shifted the timing of annual-cycle stages at different rates, thereby tightening or lifting time constraints of these annual-cycle stages, a rarely studied consequence of climate change. The degree to which these constraints are affected by climate change depends on whether consecutive stages are causally linked (scenario I) or whether the timing of each stage is independent of other stages (scenario II). Under scenario I, a change in timing in one stage has knock-on timing effects on subsequent stages, whereas under scenario II, a shift in the timing of one stage affects the degree of overlap with previous and subsequent stages. To test this, we combined field manipulations, captivity measurements and geolocation data. We advanced and delayed hatching dates in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and measured how the timing of subsequent stages (male moult and migration) were affected. There was no causal effect of manipulated hatching dates on the onset of moult and departure to Africa. Thus, advancing hatching dates reduced the male moult–breeding overlap with no effect on the moult–migration interval. Interestingly, the wintering location of delayed males was more westwards, suggesting that delaying the termination of breeding carries over to winter location. Because we found no causal linkage of the timing of annual-cycle stages, climate change could shift these stages at different rates, with the risk that the time available for some becomes so short that this will have major fitness consequences

Sleep Duration and Stress Level in the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project

The association between sleep and stress and cancer is underinvestigated. We evaluated these factors in association with gastric cancer (GC). Five case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project were included. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep duration and stress level in association with GC through multiple logistic regression models adjusted for several lifestyle factors. The analysis included 1293 cases and 4439 controls, 215 cardia and 919 noncardia GC, and 353 diffuse and 619 intestinal types. Sleep duration of =9 h was associated with GC (OR =1.57, 95% CI = 1.23-2.00) compared to 8 h. This was confirmed when stratifying by subsite (noncardia OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.22-2.08, and cardia OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.97-2.72) and histological type (diffuse OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.14-2.40 and intestinal OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.91-1.67). Stress was associated with GC (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.18-1.50, continuous). This relationship was selectively related to noncardia GC (OR = 1.28, 95% 1.12-1.46, continuous). The risk of diffuse (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.11-1.58) and intestinal type (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07-1.42) were higher when stress was reported. Results for the association between increasing level of stress and GC were heterogeneous by smoking and socioeconomic status (p for heterogeneity = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). In conclusion, long sleep duration (=9 h) was associated with GC and its subtype categories. Stress linearly increased the risk of GC and was related to noncardia GC.The authors thank the European Cancer Prevention (ECP) Organization for providing support for the StoP Project meetings.This study was supported by the Fondazione AIRC, Associazione Italianaper la Ricerca sul Cancro, Project no. 21378 (Investigator Grant)

Wintering grounds, population size and evolutionary history of a cryptic passerine species from isotopic and genetic data

Cryptic species pose a particular challenge to biologists in the context of life history investigations because of the difficulty in their field discrimination. Additionally, there is normally a lag in their widespread acceptance by the scientific community once they are formally recognised. These two factors might constrain our ability to properly assess the conservation status of the different species conforming a cryptic complex. In this study, we analysed isotopic and genetic data to shed light into the still unclear wintering grounds, population size and evolutionary history of the Iberian chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus, a species included within the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita until two decades ago due to their phenotypic similarity. We used molecular methods to identify spring-migrating Phylloscopus species captured in northern Iberia, and by comparing the Hydrogen isotopic ratios of their claw tips (δ2Hc; which would reflect the signatures of their wintering grounds), we detected that δ2Hc values of Iberian chiffchaffs were similar to willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus; a renowned trans-Saharan migrant), and higher than common chiffchaffs (mostly a pre-Saharan migrant). These results strongly support the idea that Iberian chiffchaffs winter in tropical Africa. We additionally reconstructed the phylogeny and evolutionary history of the Iberian chiffchaff's clade using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results revealed relatively high values of nucleotide diversity (and, hence, high Ne) for the species that were greater than the values of the common/Iberian most recent common ancestor. This suggests that the Iberian chiffchaff did not experience strong bottlenecks after diverging from the common chiffchaff approximately one million years ago. Ultimately, our study provides another illustrative example of how isotopic and genetic analysis tools can help to enhance our understanding of avian ecology and evolution.Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Revista de Revistas.

Selección de reseñas bibliográficas. (Octubre, Noviembre y Diciembre, 1991) Trastornos de la personalidad bordeline. Epidemiología (Thomas A. Widiger, Mima M. Weissman), Assessement y Diagnosis (Andrew E. Skodol y John M. Oldhan), Biological y Pharmacological Aspects (Emil F Coceara, Richard J. KavonssJ), Standarized Appraaches to individual Psychoterapy (M. Tracy Shea) y Graup y Family Tretments (Jons F Clarkin y EIsa MarzialJ) Hospital and community Psychiatry. Octuber 1991; 42 (10): 1015-1043 . M García Pérez La dopamina en la esquizofrenia: una revisión y reconceptualización Dopamine in schizophrenia: A review and reconceptualization. Kenneth L. Davis, MD, Rene S. Kahn, Mo., Grant Ka. MD, MichaelDavidson, Mo. (Del Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital y Escuela de Medicina de Mount Sinai, NY) AM J Psychiatry. 1991; Nov, 148: 1474-1486. M García Pérez La controversia Freud-Ferenczi. Un legado viviente. The Freud-Ferenczi controversy. A living legacy. Axel Hoffer, Brookline, Massachusetts. The International Review of Psychoanalysis. Int. Rev. Psycho-Anal. 1991; 18 (4): 465-472. A. E. Nafs Revisión de los conocimientos del Autismo Psicógeno. Revised understandings of Psychogenic Autism. Frances Tustin, Londres. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. Int. J. Psycho-Anal 1991; 72 (4): 585-591. A. E. Nafs Dementia of Depresion in Parkinson's Disease and Stroke. Starkstein S.E., Robinson R.G. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1991 (octubre); 179: 593-601 M. Catalina Zamora An interactionistic integrative view of depresive disordes and their tretment. C. Perris. Departamento de Psiquiátrica y colaborador del Centro de Enseñanza e Investigador de enfermedades Mentales. Universidad de Umea. Suecia Acta Psychiartr. Scand 1991; 84: 413-423E. García Yagüe Personalidad premórbida y síntomas positivos y negativos en la esquizofrenia. V. Peralta y M.J. Cuesta. Unidad de Psiquiatría del Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona. España. J. Delean. Instituto Psiquiátrico de Pensilvania U.S.A. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1991; 84: 336-339. E. García Yagüe Interacción entre vulnerabilidad genética y ambiente familiar: estudio finlandés de familias adoptivas en la esquizofrenia. P Teinavi. Departamento Psychiatry. Acta Psychiatr. Scand 1991; 84: 460-465 E. García Yagüe Factores de estrés y enfermedad. J.L. González Rivera. Actas Luso-Esp. Neurol. Psiquiatr. 1991 (Nov-Dic); 19 (6): 290-297. J. García-Noblejas Los orígenes de la psicosis y el «origen del hombre». The origins of psychosis and "the descent of man". T.J. Crow British Journal of Psychiatry. 1991; 159 (sup. 14): 76-82 M.I. de la Hera Cabero. Hallazgos clínicos. Trastornos del estado mental y del movimiento y sus secuelas. Clínical findings. Abnormalities of the mental state and movement disorder and their correlates. Eve C. Johnstone, o.G.C. Owens, c.o. Frith and J. Leary British Journal of Psychatry 1991; 159 (supl. 13): 21-25. M.I. de la Hera Cabero Una perspectiva psicobiológica en los trastornos de la personalidad. A psycobiological perspective on the personality disorders. L.J. Siever, K. L. Davis AM. J. Psychiatry 12, Diciembre 1991; 148: 1647-1658. c. Herraez Martín de Valmaseda El estado de la cuestión en... Manifestaciones psiquiátricas en enfermos con lupus eritematosos sistémico. Salvador Robert M., Pérez Sales P.., Rubio Valladolid G

Revista de Revistas.

Selección de reseñas bibliográficas. (Octubre, Noviembre y Diciembre, 1991) Trastornos de la personalidad bordeline. Epidemiología (Thomas A. Widiger, Mima M. Weissman), Assessement y Diagnosis (Andrew E. Skodol y John M. Oldhan), Biological y Pharmacological Aspects (Emil F Coceara, Richard J. KavonssJ), Standarized Appraaches to individual Psychoterapy (M. Tracy Shea) y Graup y Family Tretments (Jons F Clarkin y EIsa MarzialJ) Hospital and community Psychiatry. Octuber 1991; 42 (10): 1015-1043 . M García Pérez La dopamina en la esquizofrenia: una revisión y reconceptualización Dopamine in schizophrenia: A review and reconceptualization. Kenneth L. Davis, MD, Rene S. Kahn, Mo., Grant Ka. MD, MichaelDavidson, Mo. (Del Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital y Escuela de Medicina de Mount Sinai, NY) AM J Psychiatry. 1991; Nov, 148: 1474-1486. M García Pérez La controversia Freud-Ferenczi. Un legado viviente. The Freud-Ferenczi controversy. A living legacy. Axel Hoffer, Brookline, Massachusetts. The International Review of Psychoanalysis. Int. Rev. Psycho-Anal. 1991; 18 (4): 465-472. A. E. Nafs Revisión de los conocimientos del Autismo Psicógeno. Revised understandings of Psychogenic Autism. Frances Tustin, Londres. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. Int. J. Psycho-Anal 1991; 72 (4): 585-591. A. E. Nafs Dementia of Depresion in Parkinson's Disease and Stroke. Starkstein S.E., Robinson R.G. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1991 (octubre); 179: 593-601 M. Catalina Zamora An interactionistic integrative view of depresive disordes and their tretment. C. Perris. Departamento de Psiquiátrica y colaborador del Centro de Enseñanza e Investigador de enfermedades Mentales. Universidad de Umea. Suecia Acta Psychiartr. Scand 1991; 84: 413-423E. García Yagüe Personalidad premórbida y síntomas positivos y negativos en la esquizofrenia. V. Peralta y M.J. Cuesta. Unidad de Psiquiatría del Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona. España. J. Delean. Instituto Psiquiátrico de Pensilvania U.S.A. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1991; 84: 336-339. E. García Yagüe Interacción entre vulnerabilidad genética y ambiente familiar: estudio finlandés de familias adoptivas en la esquizofrenia. P Teinavi. Departamento Psychiatry. Acta Psychiatr. Scand 1991; 84: 460-465 E. García Yagüe Factores de estrés y enfermedad. J.L. González Rivera. Actas Luso-Esp. Neurol. Psiquiatr. 1991 (Nov-Dic); 19 (6): 290-297. J. García-Noblejas Los orígenes de la psicosis y el «origen del hombre». The origins of psychosis and "the descent of man". T.J. Crow British Journal of Psychiatry. 1991; 159 (sup. 14): 76-82 M.I. de la Hera Cabero. Hallazgos clínicos. Trastornos del estado mental y del movimiento y sus secuelas. Clínical findings. Abnormalities of the mental state and movement disorder and their correlates. Eve C. Johnstone, o.G.C. Owens, c.o. Frith and J. Leary British Journal of Psychatry 1991; 159 (supl. 13): 21-25. M.I. de la Hera Cabero Una perspectiva psicobiológica en los trastornos de la personalidad. A psycobiological perspective on the personality disorders. L.J. Siever, K. L. Davis AM. J. Psychiatry 12, Diciembre 1991; 148: 1647-1658. c. Herraez Martín de Valmaseda El estado de la cuestión en... Manifestaciones psiquiátricas en enfermos con lupus eritematosos sistémico. Salvador Robert M., Pérez Sales P.., Rubio Valladolid G

Inverse Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case‐Control Studies of the Stop Consortium

Background: Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We pooled data from 11 case‐control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total dietary iron intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires combined with national nutritional tables. We derived the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of dietary iron through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. Secondary analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, caloric intake, anatomical subsite and histological type were performed. Results: Among 4658 cases and 12247 controls, dietary iron intake was inversely associated with GC (per quartile OR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.93). Results were similar between cardia (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) and non‐cardia GC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81–0.94), and for diffuse (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69–0.89) and intestinal type (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.98). Iron intake exerted an independent effect from that of smoking and salt intake. Additional adjustment by meat and fruit/vegetable intake did not alter the results. Conclusions: Dietary iron is inversely related to GC, with no difference by subsite or histological type. While the results should be interpreted with caution, they provide evidence against a direct effect of iron in gastric carcinogenesis

The association between human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The interaction between genetic and environmental factors is crucial to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are endogenous viral elements of the human genome whose expression is associated with MS. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis and to assess qualitative and quantitative evidence on the expression of HERV families in MS patients. Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for published studies on the association of HERVs and MS. Meta-analysis was performed on the HERV-W family. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for association. Results: 43 reports were extracted (25 related to HERV-W, 13 to HERV-H, 9 to HERV-K, 5 to HRES-1 and 1 to HER-15 family). The analysis showed an association between expression of all HERV families and MS. For HERV-W, adequate data was available for meta-analysis. Results from meta-analyses of HERV-W were OR = 22.66 (95%CI 6.32 to 81.20) from 4 studies investigating MSRV/HERV-W(MS-associated retrovirus) envelope mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, OR = 44.11 (95%CI 12.95 to 150.30) from 6 studies of MSRV/ HERV-W polymerase mRNA in serum/plasma and OR = 6.00 (95%CI 3.35 to 10.74) from 4 studies of MSRV/HERV-W polymerase mRNA in CSF