Perspectivas del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa

La situación en que se halla el ordenamiento jurídico español en materia de protección de datos es en cierto modo contradictoria, ya que existe un reconocimiento del carácter fundamental del derecho a la protección de datos y un marco jurídico que lo desarrolla, sin embargo, las regulaciones sectoriales de este derecho son insuficientes. En el ámbito público, existe una normativa que tiene implicaciones directas con el tratamiento de datos de carácter personal (DCP), alguna en fase de aprobación, que en ocasiones únicamente se remiten a la LOPD, y en otras es un tanto contradictoria con dicha ley orgánica. En cualquier caso, la AEPD y los tribunales deberán ser especialmente exigentes en su aplicación, a fin de proteger no sólo el derecho a la autodeterminación informativa, sino más allá, la propia libertad de las personas. El sector privado requiere de una mayor atención, ya que no se halla sujeto a condicionamientos institucionales y los DCP constituyen un bien cada vez más valioso sin que el ciudadano sea siempre consciente de ello. En consecuencia, la información, formación y uso de códigos tipo son cada vez más necesarios. En definitiva, nos hallamos en el comienzo de una nueva etapa. Hay que abordar la defensa del derecho a la protección de DCP con los medios jurídicos de que se dispone y no parece suficiente ni adecuado dejar simplemente a la iniciativa privada la defensa del derecho fundamental a la protección de DCP. La solución adecuada para garantizar este derecho es tanto la intervención pública como la actuación privada, dirigiendo e impulsando la primera a la segunda Se precisan regulaciones acordadas internacionalmente que velen por una actuación coordinada en defensa del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa

La protección de los datos de carácter personal en el horizonte de 2010

Al cumplirse diez años de la entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica de Protección de los Datos de Carácter Personal son notables los progresos que se han producido en términos normativos e institucionales.\ud Destaca, en efecto, el reconocimiento como derecho fundamental\ud del que protege los datos personales y la creación de autoridades encargadas de velar por su respeto. No obstante, también permanecen las dificultades y han aparecido otras nuevas. Entre ellas debe tenerse en cuenta la tendencia a relativizar el alcance de este derecho, bien mediante modificaciones legislativas que rebajen los niveles de protección, bien mediante prácticas que vengan a traducirse en una menor exigencia en el cumplimiento de las normas. Sin embargo, los riesgos para las personas\ud que llevaron al reconocimiento de este derecho fundamental no sólo permanecen sino que se han agravado como consecuencia del progreso tecnológico. Por eso, es preciso no olvidar su contenido esencial y, singularmente,\ud las facultades de autodeterminación individual. Al mismo tiempo, sin renunciar al fomento del respeto a las normas que lo garantizan,\ud ha de enfatizarse la responsabilidad de quienes tratan información personal, en especial de los poderes públicos, y la importancia del más pleno cumplimiento de la Ley.Ten years after the promulgation of the Spanish Data Protection\ud Act, there is been a remarkable progress in terms of statutory and institutional aspects. First of all, personal data protection has been recognized as a fundamental right and also it has been established the authorities to implement it. However, it remains some difficulties from the past and appeared other new ones. Among others, we have to be in mind the tendency to make relative the scope of the right by means of changes in the legislation to reduce the level of protection, or through practices that comes to reduce to a lower demand in the fulfillment of the law. Moreover, as a consequence of the technological progress the risks remain and become worse. So it is necessary to bear in mind its essential\ud content and, particularly, the faculties of individual self-determination.\ud At the same time, without to give up the encouragement of the respect of the law, it is necessary to emphasize the responsibility to the ones that treat personal data, in particular the public institutions and the importance of the fullest compliance with current legislation

El Derecho constitucional y los textos para su enseñanza. A proposito del "Diritto costituzionale" de Giuseppe de Vergottini

Publicada en otoño de 2017, la 9ª edición del Diritto costituzionale de Giuseppe de Vergottini, un completo y puesto al día tratado de Derecho constitucional italiano, no sólo es un texto útil para profesores y alumnos sino también para los investigadores. Es un logrado ejemplo de manual de nuestros días sobre esa materia.Published in autumn 2017, the 9th edition of Giuseppe de Vergottini’s Diritto costituzionale, a comprehensive and up to date study of italian Constitutional Law, is not only useful for professors and students but also for researchers. It is an achieved example of today’s handbooks on the subject

Human ESCs predisposition to karyotypic instability: Is a matter of culture adaptation or differential vulnerability among hESC lines due to inherent properties?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in research is increasing and hESCs hold the promise for many biological, clinical and toxicological studies. Human ESCs are expected to be chromosomally stable since karyotypic changes represent a pitfall for potential future applications. Recently, several studies have analysed the genomic stability of several hESC lines maintained after prolonged <it>in vitro </it>culture but controversial data has been reported. Here, we prompted to compare the chromosomal stability of three hESC lines maintained in the same laboratory using identical culture conditions and passaging methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Molecular cytogenetic analyses performed in three different hESC lines maintained in parallel in identical culture conditions revealed significant differences among them in regard to their chromosomal integrity. In feeders, the HS181, SHEF-1 and SHEF-3 hESC lines were chromosomally stable up to 185 passages using either mechanical or enzymatic dissection methods. Despite the three hESC lines were maintained under identical conditions, each hESC line behaved differently upon being transferred to a feeder-free culture system. The two younger hESC lines, HS181 (71 passages) and SHEF-3 (51 passages) became chromosomally unstable shortly after being cultured in feeder-free conditions. The HS181 line gained a chromosome 12 by passage 17 and a marker by passage 21, characterized as a gain of chromosome 20 by SKY. Importantly, the mosaicism for trisomy 12 gradually increased up to 89% by passage 30, suggesting that this karyotypic abnormality provides a selective advantage. Similarly, the SHEF-3 line also acquired a trisomy of chromosome 14 as early as passage 10. However, this karyotypic aberration did not confer selective advantage to the genetically abnormal cells within the bulk culture and the level of mosaicism for the trisomy 14 remained overtime between 15%–36%. Strikingly, however, a much older hESC line, SHEF-1, which was maintained for 185 passages in feeders did not undergo any numerical or structural chromosomal change after 30 passages in feeder-free culture and over 215 passages in total.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results support the concept that feeder-free conditions may partially contribute to hESC chromosomal changes but also confirm the hypothesis that regardless of the culture conditions, culture duration or splitting methods, some hESC lines are inherently more prone than others to karyotypic instability.</p

Long-term topical management of psoriasis: the road ahead

AbstractTopical therapies have been available for the treatment of psoriasis for several decades. Despite this and the availability of several types of topicals, with varying potency, and numerous ..

Guideline for dialysate quality of Spanish Society of Nephrology (second edition, 2015)

A Best Practice Guideline about Dialysis fluid purity was developed under the leadership of the Spanish Society of Nephrology in 2004. The second edition revised Guideline considered new evidences and International Standard. The Guideline has established recommen- dations for standards for preparing dialysate: water, concentrates and hemodialysis proportioning systems. This Guideline is based on the ISO 13959, European Pharmacopoeia, the Real Farmacopea Española, the AAMI Standards and Recommended Practices, Euro- pean Best Practice Guidelines for Haemodialysis, literature reviews, according to their level of evidence, and the opinion of the expert Spanish group. Two levels of quality of water were defined: purified water and high purified water (ultra pure) and for dialysate: ultra pure dialysate. Regular use of ultra pure dialysate is recom- mended for all type of hemodialysis to prevent and delay the occurrence of complications: inflammation, malnutrition, anaemia and amiloidosis. Water, concentrates and dialysate quality requirements are defined as maximum allowa- ble contaminant levels: chemicals (4.1.2), conductivity, microbial and endotoxins (4.1.1): Monitoring frequency, maintenance and corrective actions were specified. Methods of sampling and analysis were described in appendix (anexos). For microbiological monitoring, R2A medium is recommended, incubated during 7-14 days at a temperature of 17-23 °C. The dialysate quality assurance process involves all dialysis staff members and requires strict protocols. The physician in charge of hemodialysis has the ultimate responsibility for dialysate quality

Encuesta: corrupción política y derecho público

La corrupción en el ámbito público es uno de los grandes males en los países democráticos, apareciendo implicados en demasiadas ocasiones cargos electos. Para luchar contra este problema, que afecta especialmente al ámbito local se hace necesario replantearse la eficacia de los controles existentes tanto en los ámbitos político, administrativo y penal. Estas cuestiones son objeto de la encuesta de este número