Early Cretaceous Surtseyan volcanoes of the Baño Nuevo Volcanic Complex (Aysén Basin, eastern central Patagonian Cordillera, Chile)

Tens of Surtseyan tuff cones are exposed in the Río Coichel valley, between Ñireguao and Estancia Baño Nuevo (Southern Chilean Andes). The Early Cretaceous products of the submarine eruptions rest on, or are interbedded with, shallow marine sandstones of the Hauterivian-early Aptian Apeleg Formation. The Early Cretaceous rocks typically contain large amphibole phenocrysts, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, and have compositions that range from relatively primitive basalts to andesites. The basalts are slightly enriched in LREE and incompatible trace elements. They have low Ti-contents and negative anomalies in Nb and Ta, characteristic of subduction-related magmas. Centimetre-sized amphibole megacrysts and an amphibole-bearing clinopyroxenite xenolith have been found in one of the tuff cones located near Estancia Baño Nuevo. The amphibole megacrysts are pargasite (low Si and Ti, high Mg). The xenolith has diopsidic clinopyroxene with abundant inclusions, and pargasite veins enclosing smaller clinopyroxene neoblasts. Geochemical data show that the megacrysts and the xenolith have the same origin and correspond to underplated igneous bodies crystallized at high pressure

Conciencia fonológica para el logro de las competencias comunicacionales: análisis desde los estándares de aprendizaje del Currículo Nacional

La presente de investigación tuvo como objetivo: guía docente para la aplicación de estrategias en el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica en educación inicial, la cual se desarrolla en la línea de investigación de evaluación y aprendizaje. El estudio que se empleó es una investigación básica, ya que considera fundamentos teóricos sobre el fenómeno de estudio, se basa en el paradigma naturalista empleando para su desarrollo la aplicación de un enfoque cualitativo, que contiene naturaleza sistemática a partir que el investigador contribuye el fenómeno de estudio, el diseño de investigación utilizado fue la hermenéutica, porque busca reconocer la diferencia entre el fenómeno natural y social. Se analizaron diversos documentos relacionados al fenómeno de estudio. Se considera como unidad de análisis, tres tipos de fuentes: orales, escritas, científicas; la técnica utilizada fue la entrevista personal, la técnica de análisis documental y para la recolección de la información se utilizó el gestor MENDELEY. Se concluye que, existe la necesidad de proponer una guía basada en estrategias en desarrollar la conciencia fonológica en sus tres dimensiones: léxica, silábica y fonémica la cual será aplicada en las instituciones educativas con la finalidad de fortalecer a las maestras

Amonoideos (Crioceratitinae, Hauteriviano) de la cuenca Austral, Chile

La baja diversidad de las faunas de amonoideos de la cuenca Austral ha sido tradicionalmente asociada a su alto grado de endemismo. Sin embargo, aquí se describe una fauna de amonoideos de la Familia Ancyloceratidae, Subfamilia Crioceratitinae que muestra afinidades con formas europeas. De este modo, los amonoideos hauterivianos de la cuenca Austral representan una mezcla de géneros endémicos (Favrella Douvillé), con típicos ejemplos tethyanos (Hemihoplites Spath, Crioceratites Léveillé) y faunas características del noroeste de Europa en los márgenes del reino Boreal (Protaconoceras Casey, Aegocrioceras Spath), aunque las formas endémicas dominan en número de ejemplares. Se describen las siguientes especies: Aegocrioceras patagonicum sp. nov. Aguirre-Urreta, Crioceratites (C.) apricum (Giovine) y Crioceratites sp. aff. C. (C.) schlagintweiti (Giovine). Esta rara y localizada aparición de taxones del Hemisferio Norte sugiere períodos de nivel del mar global alto, lo que habría permitido la migración desde esta región a cuencas periféricas.The low diversity of the Austral Basin ammonoid faunas was traditionally associated with a high degree of endemism. However, as reported herein, the ammonoids belonging to the Family Ancyloceratidae, Subfamily Crioceratitinae have affinities with European forms. Therefore, the Hauterivian ammonoids of the Austral Basin represent a mixture of endemic (Favrella Douvillé), with typical Tethyan examples (Hemihoplites Spath, Crioceratites Léveillé), and faunas that are characteristic of Northwestern Europe on the margins of the Boreal realm (Protaconeceras Casey, Aegocrioceras Spath), although the endemic forms dominate in number of specimens. The following species are described here: Aegocrioceras patagonicum sp. nov. Aguirre-Urreta, Crioceratites (C.) apricum (Giovine) and Crioceratites sp. aff. C. (C.) schlagintweiti (Giovine). This rare and localized appearance of taxa of the Northern Hemisphere suggests periods of sea level rise that permitted widespread migration from this region to peripheral basins.Fil: Aguirre-Urreta, Maria Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Suárez, Manuel. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería; ChileFil: de la Cruz, Rita. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería; ChileFil: Ramos, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin

Geocronologia y petroquimica de sucesiones volcanicas del Cretacico Superior- Paleogeno? del este de la Cordillera Patagonica oriental (45°15-45°40S).

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Analysis of the soil structure-interaction effects on the seismic vulnerability of mid-rise RC buildings in Lisbon

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects are usually omitted in the seismic vulnerability analyses of buildings. However, it has been proved that they might notably affect their seismic performance. In fact, European seismic codes establish that they should be included in the analyses of certain structures: with considerable second order (p-Δ) effects or mid/high-rise buildings. These characteristics are shared by reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Portugal, which represent a considerable amount of its building stock. Moreover, a significant percentage (50%) have been constructed prior to restrictive seismic codes, i.e., without adequate seismic design. To obtain reliable results when including the SSI effects, the state-of-the-art reveals that a proper modelling of soil and foundations should be carried out. Nevertheless, most of the related studies are based on ideal structural and soil configu- rations. In addition, it has been found that there is a lack of studies and guidance, even in codes, on the quantification of the SSI effects. Therefore, this paper focuses on quantifying the SSI effects in RC buildings seismic vulnerability analyses by means of two approaches: the Beam on Nonlinear Winker method (BNWM) and the direct modelling of soil. The aim is to propose a method to practically include the SSI effects and to thor- oughly characterise the soil behaviour. The method has been applied to a case study RC mid-rise building of Lisbon. A clay-type soil commonly found in Lisbon has been characterised, carrying the analyses out under undrained conditions. 3D finite elements procedures have been proposed to reproduce the complex soil nonlinear constitutive law to represent the behaviour of the entire system (soil + foundation + structure) as realistically as possible. The results have been compared in terms of the seismic safety verification and the fragility assessment. The results have shown that the modal behaviour and the deformed shape of the building are the same with and without the SSI. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that increasing the soil flexibility leads to higher periods and higher seismic damage. For this case study, the maximum capacity of the models can be reduced by up to 15% if the SSI effects are considere

Mathematical competencies with applications of mirror classes in regular basic education

The problem about learning in mathematics lies in the lack of application of teaching strategies for the resolution of the calculation in mathematical problems, problems of movement, mathematical regularity, equivalence, and uncertainty; in populations with difficulties to learn collaboratively. Here the application of mirror classes in populations with interactive problems is demonstrated, thus contributing to strengthening their knowledge from cooperative information management, the use of analysis skills based on co-evaluation. In this sense, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the mirror class, as a pedagogical strategy, in order to optimize the competence of solution of quantity problems in basic school students of two educational institutions in Lima, Peru. The study was conducted under the action research approach where the diagnostic and exit test, question guide and field diary were the instruments used for data collection. It was concluded that the mirror class as a pedagogical strategy favors the optimization of competition and solves quantity problems in basic education students. So, they also developed concrete knowledge, to assign them in cognition more enduringly as a form of social learning

Environmental Literacy and Its Impact on Sustainable Pedagogical Behaviors of Basic Education Teachers, Lima-Peru

"Environmental literacy is the ability to perceive environmental conditions, become aware, make decisions and carry out actions to reestablish balance in the living environment and, through sustainable behaviors, protect the environment, guaranteeing the quality of life of people. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of environmental literacy in the sustainable pedagogical behaviors of basic education teachers. The research was carried out under a quantitative approach with the participation of 650 teachers from private and state schools in Metropolitan Lima, who, through the survey technique and instruments such as the questionnaire and the behavior scale, were able to determine their predominant level of literacy, as well as the type of sustainable pedagogical behavior. The results indicate that 385 teachers (59.23%) have a medium level of literacy, while 503 teachers (77.08%) have very adequate sustainable behaviors, concluding that environmental literacy has a 21% impact on the sustainable pedagogical behaviors of teachers.

Fatores hipoteticamente influentes no aparecimento de micrognatismo transversal em escolares

El micrognatismo transversal es una anomalía de volumen de los maxilares en sentido transversal. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los factores hipotéticamente influyentes en la aparición del micrognatismo transversal en escolares. Se realizó un estudio de caso y control y otro cuasi-experimental, para evaluar los resultados del proyecto ramal acerca del tratamiento del micrognatismo transversal relacionado con hábitos bucales deformantes en escolares de la Escuela Primaria “Ciro Redondo” en el período de 2015 a 2018. Se estudiaron variables como: edad, sexo, nivel de conocimiento y hábitos bucales deformantes. Predominaron los niños de 8 años de edad con 37,36 %; el 58,24 % de las niñas presentó micrognatismo transversal; la respiración bucal mostró una clara asociación con la aparición de micrognatismo transversal; en los escolarescon empuje lingual, el riesgo fue 6,80 (IC 95 % 3,90-11,80) veces mayor de padecer micrognatismo transversal; después de aplicada la fase de la intervención, se obtuvo un incremento en la categoría Bien con 172 escolares que representó el 75,44 % del total de la población de estudio y el 63,16 % de los padres fueron evaluados de Bien. Se concluye que los hábitos bucales deformantes que constituyeron factores de riesgo fueron la respiración bucal como factor con mayor influencia sobre la aparición del micrognatismo transversal, seguidos del empuje lingual, la succión digital y las edades de 8 y 9 años. Predominó el alto nivel de conocimiento de los escolaresy de los padres o responsables luego de la intervención. Transverse micrognathism is a volume abnormality of the jaws in the transverse direction. The objective of the work was to determine the hypothetically influencing factors in the appearance of transverse micrognathism in schoolchildren. A case-control study and a quasi-experimental study were carried out to evaluate the results of the branch project on the treatment of transverse micrognathism related to deforming oral habits in schoolchildren from the “Ciro Redondo” Primary School in the period from 2015 to 2018. Variables such as: age, sex, level of knowledge and deforming oral habits were studied. 8-year-old children predominated with 37,36 %; 58,24% of the girls presented transverse micrognathism; mouth breathing showed a clear association with the appearance of transverse micrognathism; in schoolchildren with tongue thrusting, the risk was 6.80 (95% CI 3.90-11.80) times higher for transverse micrognathism; After applying the intervention phase, an increase was obtained in the Good category with 172 schoolchildren representing 75,44% of the total study population and 63,16% of the parents were evaluated as Good. It is concluded that the deforming oral habits that constituted risk factors were mouth breathing as the factor with the greatest influence on the appearance of transverse micrognathism, followed by tongue thrusting, digital suction, and the ages of 8 and 9 years. The high level of knowledge of the schoolchildren and of the parents or guardians after the intervention prevailed.Keywords: Micrognatismo transversal é uma anormalidade de volume das mandíbulas na direção transversal. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os fatores de influência hipotética no aparecimento do micrognatismo transversal em escolares. Um estudo de caso-controle e um estudo quase experimental foram realizados para avaliar os resultados do projeto do ramo sobre o tratamento do micrognatismo transversal relacionado à deformação dos hábitos orais em escolares da Escola Primária "Ciro Redondo" no período de 2015 a 2018. Foram estudadas variáveis como: idade, sexo, nível de conhecimento e hábitos orais deformadores. As crianças de 8 anos predominaram com 37,36%; 58,24% das meninas apresentaram micrognatismo transversal; a respiração bucal mostrou uma associação clara com o aparecimento de micrognatismo transversal; em escolares com impulso de língua, o risco foi 6,80 (IC95% 3,90-11,80) vezes maior para micrognatismo transversal; Após a aplicação da fase de intervenção, obteve-se um aumento na categoria Bom, com 172 escolares representando 75,44% da população total do estudo e 63,16% dos pais foram avaliados como Bom. Conclui-se que os hábitos bucais deformadores que constituíram fatores de risco foram a respiração bucal como o fator de maior influência no aparecimento do micrognatismo transverso, seguido de estiramento da língua, sucção digital e idades de 8 e 9 anos. O alto nível de conhecimento dos escolares e dos pais ou responsáveis após a intervenção prevaleceu

Combinando el aprendizaje basado en retos y el lean startup para adquirir competencias técnicas y sociales en el Grado en Ingeniería Agraria

Mención honorífica 2023[ES] El Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR) es un enfoque pedagógico que se ha incorporado en las ingenierías porque involucra el hacer o actuar del estudiante respecto a un tema de estudio. La correcta implementación de esta metodología permite aprovechar el interés de los estudiantes por darle un significado práctico a su formación, mientras desarrollan competencias sociales como el trabajo en equipos multidisciplinares, la toma de decisiones, la comunicación o el liderazgo. Por otro lado, el método Lean Startup fue creado para potenciar aquellas prácticas que favorecen la creación de Startups de forma exitosa. Se sustenta en el método científico y considera una serie de pasos fundamentales: crear, medir y aprender. Hibrida las metodologías ágiles, útiles para la contextualización del conocimiento y el desarrollo de actitudes emprendedoras y de habilidades sociales. Una herramienta ampliamente usada en la aplicación de este método es el Business Model Canvas (BMC) o «lienzo del modelo de negocio», que consiste en una plantilla de gestión estratégica