Estruturas e composição da fauna de Chironomidae(Insecta,Diptera) em diferentes mesohabitats do Córrego Milho Branco - Reserva Biológica Municipal Santa Cândida(Juiz de Fora - MG)

-Os insetos aquáticos formam um importante grupo de macroinvertebrados presentes em ambientes lóticos. Entre os insetos, a família Chironomidae (Diptera) apresenta grande importância ecológica, devido a sua ampla distribuição e abundância em ambientes de água doce; por possuírem hábitos sedentários, que os torna um importante grupo indicador de alterações ecológicas locais; por servirem de alimento para outros organismos e por participarem da ciclagem da matéria. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura e a composição da fauna de Chironomidae em diferentes mesohabitats do córrego Milho Branco localizado na Reserva Biológica Municipal Santa Cândida. A Reserva está situada em perímetro urbano no município de Juiz de Fora - MG. Os mesohabitats amostrados diferem quanto ao tipo de substrato e velocidade da água. O mesohabitat I possui substrato rochoso com folhiço em área de corredeira; II e III apresentam sedimento arenoso em área de correnteza, no entanto, a velocidade da água é maior no II e a cobertura vegetal é maior no III; e o mesohabitat IV é caracterizado como remanso com predomínio de sedimento fino. Para o estudo, foram realizadas quatro coletas em cada mesohabitat no período seco e duas no período chuvoso entre os meses de junho de 2005 e abril de 2006, através de um arrasto durante 5 minutos usando um amostrador tipo rede em D com malha de abertura de 0,21mm. O material biológico coletado foi fixado em formol 8%, triado por meio de microscópio estereoscópico e conservado em álcool 70ºGL. As larvas de Chironomidae foram montadas em lâminas semipermanentes contendo meio de Hoyer e identificadas em nível de gênero. A subfamília Orthocladiinae foi predominante nos mesohabitats com maior velocidade da água (I, II e III) e Chironominae na área caracterizada como remanso (IV). Através da análise de agrupamento observou-se que a pluviosidade influenciou na estrutura e composição da fauna de Chironomidae principalmente nos mesohabitats com maior velocidade da água, de modo a reduzir a riqueza e a diversidade durante o período chuvoso. A dinâmica da correnteza é o principal fator que influencia a estrutura do substrato e conseqüentemente a distribuição da fauna de Chironomidae em córregos de Mata Atlântica. De acordo com a análise de espécies indicadoras (IndVal) Caladomyia ortoni apresentou preferência pelo mesohabitat de menor correnteza e Lopescladius pelo substrato arenoso. Com base nos resultados obtidos podemos considerar que de forma geral, o ambiente estudado apresentou uma fauna de Chironomidae rica, diversificada e com ausência de gêneros dominantes, típica de sistemas aquáticos preservados

Experiência de familiares na vivência da depressão pós-parto

Conhecer a vivncia de familiares com experincia de Depresso Ps-parto (DPP). Mtodo: estudo exploratrio, descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se tcnica de completamento de frases para a coleta de dados e anlise de contedo para estabelecimento de categorias temticas. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit de tica em Pesquisa Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Gois (876/08). Resultados: o material foi classificado e agrupado em trs categorias temticas: a primeira, Quando os olhares se deparam com mudanas; a segundo, A famlia no con(viver) da DPP e a ltima, Profissionais x Instituio: repercusses do (des)compromisso. Concluses: o cuidado com a mulher com quadro de DPP assumido por membros da famlia. A famlia se v envolvida num acmulo de emoes, marcados por sentimentos de medo, tristeza, desespero e pnico. Os servios de sade devem estar organizados para oferecer atendimento integral a todos os agravos que os indivduos apresentarem. Torna-se imperiosa a necessidade de sensibilizar e qualificar profissionais de sade para a importncia do fenmeno que se constitui a DPP

Shedding some light over the floral metabolism by Arum Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Spathe de novo transcriptome assembly

Zantedeschia aethiopica is an evergreen perennial plant cultivated worldwide and commonly used for ornamental and medicinal purposes including the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the current understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms in this plant is limited, in comparison to other non-model plants. In order to improve understanding of the biology of this botanical species, RNA-Seq technology was used for transcriptome assembly and characterization. Following Z. aethiopica spathe tissue RNA extraction, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed with the aim of obtaining both abundant and rare transcript data. Functional profiling based on KEGG Orthology (KO) analysis highlighted contigs that were involved predominantly in genetic information (37%) and metabolism (34%) processes. Predicted proteins involved in the plant circadian system, hormone signal transduction, secondary metabolism and basal immunity are described here. In silico screening of the transcriptome data set for antimicrobial peptide (AMP) – encoding sequences was also carried out and three lipid transfer proteins (LTP) were identified as potential AMPs involved in plant defense. Spathe predicted protein maps were drawn, and suggested that major plant efforts are expended in guaranteeing the maintenance of cell homeostasis, characterized by high investment in carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolism as well as in genetic information

Small forest losses degrade stream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

Generally, habitat loss and fragmentation negatively affect biota, often in nonlinear ways. Such nonlinear responses suggest the existence of critical limits for habitat loss beyond which taxa experience substantial changes. Therefore, we identified change points for aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages at both local-riparian and catchment extents in response to a forest-loss gradient in agriculture-altered landscapes of 51 small (1st to 3rd Strahler order) eastern Amazon streams. We used Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) to identify change points for individual taxa and segmented regression analysis for assemblage richness. Considering the patterns of the cumulative frequency distributions of sum(Z−) maxima across bootstrap replications, peak changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages were at ∼9% (5–95 percentiles = 1–15%) of forest-loss at the catchment extent, and at ∼1.4% (5–95 percentiles = 0–35%) of forest-loss at the local-riparian extent. Although the assemblage change point at the site extent was less than that detected at the catchment extent, the markedly lower percentile range indicates that biotic assemblages are more clearly responsive to forest-loss at the catchment/network-riparian extents than the site extent. For catchment and site extents, segmented regression analysis determined a change point for assemblage richness at 57% and 79% of forest-loss, respectively. This indicates the low capacity of total richness to separate early and synchronous decreases of sensitive taxa from gradual increases of tolerant taxa. Our results also show that it is not enough to focus management and conservation actions on riparian zones, but that conservation strategies should be expanded to entire catchments as well. The sharp decline of sensitive taxa in response to removal of a small portion of forest cover, even at catchment extents, indicates that the Brazilian Forest Code is insufficient for protecting stream macroinvertebrates. Consequently, we recommend strategies to reverse the potential collapse of aquatic biodiversity, particularly through avoiding deforestation and forest degradation, encouraging socio-economic incentives for restoring degraded areas, creating protected areas, and maintaining the current protected areas. We argue that reducing habitat loss should be a top priority for conservation planners in tropical forests because the sensitivity of aquatic biodiversity to removal of riparian forest-cover in Amazon rainforests is higher than previously thought. Therefore, the Forest Code regulatory framework needs complementary regulation that may be achived by more restrictive State and biome policies. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Macroinvertebrados associados a folhiço em um córrego de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil

This dissertation was divided in two parts. The first part was related to a study of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera fauna associated with mesohabitat of litter in an Atlantic forest stream in southeastern Brazil. This study had as objective to evaluate the composition as well as the spatial and temporal distribution of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) fauna. In order to do it, collections of litter in riffle mesohabitats and pool mesohabitats were carried out in the dry season of 2007 (July, August and September) and the rainy season of 2008 (January, February and March) in a first order stream located in the Municipal Biological Reserve of Poço D’Anta (Juiz de Fora - MG). In each month, two samples (three patches with 10 seconds of collection each one) of each mesohabitat were obtained with the aid of a “D”-net with mesh of 0.21 mm. The immature EPT were identified in genus level. The high diversity found in the two mesohabitats studied, compared to the theoretical maximum, reflect the environmental heterogeneity and its good state of preservation. It was not observed the effect of the mesohabitat (litter in riffles and litter in pools) on the structure of the total fauna of EPT, what may be explained by the transitoriness of the patches in litter, low water speed and low depth of the stream. The increase of the precipitation in the rainy season did not influence the total abundance of EPT either, probably because first order streams, with lower water flows and abundant vegetable material are more stable and have less effect of precipitation on the modification of the environment. Despite the absence of the effect of the mesohabitat and the precipitation upon the total fauna of EPT, some genera were sensitive to these variations, what shows the importance of ecological studies of the EPT fauna in genus level. The second part of this dissertation is an experiment of colonization of leaf debris for aquatic invertebrates in an Atlantic forest stream in southeastern Brazil. For this reason, 21 plastic bags, containing 2.5g weight of two plant species present on riparian vegetation (Alchornea glandulosa (Vell) & Cabralea canjerana End. & Poeppig), were placed in the bed of the stream. Three replicas were taken after 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 96 days. A fast weight loss was observed throughout the experiment, remaining only 8% of the initial weight on the 96th day of incubation. The remaining weight was negatively correlated with the taxonomic density of invertebrates. The high density of collectors, as Chironomidae, Oligochaeta and Amphipoda, on the last day of incubation probably occurred due to the increase in fine particulate organic matter in the most advanced stages of decomposition. The highest values of α diversity were observed on the 3rd and 96th days of the experiment, whereas β diversity showed that those two days presented higher variation in the taxonomic composition, thus demonstrating a different faunistic composition. This study showed that it happened a change in the structure, composition and a relative participation of the functional groups of aquatic invertebrates during the leaf breakdown. The abundance and the faunistic diversity observed in this study show the importance of leaf detritus of terrestrial origin as an energy source for invertebrates in low order streams, and reinforce the need for preservation of the riparian vegetation.Essa dissertação foi dividida em duas partes, sendo que a primeira trata-se de um estudo sobre a fauna de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera associada a mesohabitat de folhiço em um córrego de mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição e a distribuição espacial e temporal da fauna de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT). Para isso, foram realizadas coletas em mesohabitats de folhiço correnteza e folhiço represado nos períodos seco de 2007 (julho, agosto e setembro) e chuvoso de 2008 (janeiro, fevereiro e março) em um córrego de primeira ordem localizado na Reserva Biológica Municipal Poço D’Anta (Juiz de Fora - MG). Em cada mês, duas amostras (três manchas com 10 segundos de coleta cada uma) de cada mesohabitat foram obtidas utilizando um puçá com malha de abertura de 0.21 mm. Os imaturos de EPT foram identificados em nível de gênero. A alta diversidade encontrada nos dois mesohabitats estudados, comparada como o máximo teórico, reflete a heterogeneidade do ambiente e seu bom estado de preservação. Não foi observado efeito do mesohabitat (folhiço correnteza e folhiço represado) sobre a estruturação da fauna total de EPT, o que pode ser explicado pela transitoriedade das manchas de folhiço, baixa velocidade da água e pequena profundidade do córrego. O aumento da pluviosidade no período chuvoso também não influenciou na abundância total de EPT provavelmente porque córregos de primeira ordem, com menor fluxo da água e com densa cobertura vegetal são mais estáveis e com menor efeito da precipitação na modificação do ambiente. Apesar da ausência do efeito do mesohabitat e da pluviosidade sobre a fauna total de EPT, alguns gêneros foram sensíveis a essas variações, o que mostra a importância de estudos ecológicos da fauna de EPT em nível de gênero. A segunda parte dessa dissertação trata-se de um experimento de colonização de detritos foliares por invertebrados bentônicos em um córrego de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Para isso, 21 sacos de tela plástica contendo 2.5g de peso seco de duas espécies vegetais presentes nas margens do córrego (Alchornea glandulosa (Vell) Mart e Cabralea canjerana End e Poeppig) foram colocados no leito do córrego. Três réplicas foram retiradas após 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 e 96 dias. Uma rápida perda de peso foi observada ao longo do experimento, restando apenas 8% do peso inicial no 96º dia de incubação. O peso remanescente esteve negativamente correlacionado com a densidade taxonômica. A elevada densidade de organismos coletores, como Chironomidae, Oligochaeta e Amphipoda, no último dia de incubação ocorreram provavelmente devido ao aumento de matéria orgânica particulada fina nas etapas mais avançadas da decomposição. Os maiores valores de diversidade α foram observados para o 3º e 96º dias de experimento, enquanto a diversidade β mostrou que esses dois dias apresentaram a maior variação na composição taxonômica apresentando, portanto, uma composição faunística diferente. Este estudo mostrou que ocorreu modificação na estrutura, composição e participação relativa dos grupos funcionais de invertebrados aquáticos durante o processo degradativo dos detritos foliares. A abundância e diversidade faunística observada neste estudo mostram a importância do material vegetal de origem terrestre como fonte de energia para os invertebrados de córregos de baixa ordem e reforça a necessidade de preservação da vegetação ripária.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio