No fundo d’O Poço: a empatia como intermédio das relações humanas

Em um contexto marcado pela violência, medo e a fome, o filme “O Poço” coloca a empatia e a cooperação como bases fundamentais para a melhoria e mudança do “status quo” – e, além disso, ressalta a necessidade de crítica ao indivíduo. Frente a isso, o presente trabalho se propõe a analisar, como objetivo geral, como a empatia se apresenta através das cenas do filme "O Poço" e como esse conceito se relaciona com as condições dos personagens  nesse contexto hostil, entre outras condições nem sempre pró-sociais. O método baseou-se na análise de três cenas, que retratam as visões pessimista, otimista e realista daquele contexto, sob a visão de categorias comportamentais de empatia, da cooperação e da violência. Várias relações entre a literatura e o filme puderam ser demonstradas, bem como a relação entre os conceitos e a mudança ou manutenção do contexto que circunda o indivíduo. Por fim, o trabalho conclui que os humanos se encontram fortemente sugestionados a uma competição ou cooperação a partir do contexto no qual estão inseridos e a partir de situações sociais pré-existentes, de forma que as ações pró-sociais devem estar atreladas ao senso crítico e às condições possíveis para que garantam um ambiente mais cooperativo.Palavras chave: O Poço; empatia; cooperação; violência, fome

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of an Extract From the Leaves of Guapira Graciliflora Mart. Against Oral Microorganisms of Dental Interest

Objective: To perform an in vitro analysis of antibacterial and antifungal potential of an alcoholic extract from the leaves of Guapira Graciliflora Mart. against oral microorganisms and determine its chemical composition. Material and Methods: A hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves form G.  graciliflora was obtained through maceration, vacuum concentration and freeze-drying. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus mitis and strains of Candida albicans using broth microdilution method. Phytochemical analysis determined the total phenolic compounds, protein concentration and total of sugars present in the extract. Results: G. Graciliflora demonstrated antifungal activity against the LM 11 and LM 410 clinical isolates of C. albicans (MIC 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, respectively). The other microorganisms tested were resistant to the extract. The phytochemical analysis revealed 3% proteins, 13% total sugars and 17% phenolic compounds. Conclusion: G. Graciliflora has antifungal activity against clinical strains of C. albicans and exhibits proteins, sugars and phenolic compounds in its chemical composition

Physico-chemical characterization of inclusion complex between hydroxymethylnitrofurazone and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin

Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a prodrug that is active against Trypanosoma cruzi. It however presents low solubility and high toxicity. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) can be used as a drug-delivery system for NFOH modifying its physico-chemical properties. The aim of this work is to characterize the inclusion complex between NFOH and HP-beta-CD. The rate of NFOH release decreases after complexation and thermodynamic parameters from the solubility isotherm studies revealed that a stable complex is formed (deltaGº= 1.7 kJ/mol). This study focuses on the physico-chemical characterization of a drug-delivery formulation that comes out as a potentially new therapeutic option for Chagas disease treatment.FAPESPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Functional oral self-mutilation in children and adolescents: a scoping review

Objective: To present characteristics of publications in the worldwide scientific literature produced on the topic of functional oral self-mutilation in children and adolescents. Methods: This study is a scoping review. The search was made in the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, BVS/ LILACS, Web of Science and PsycNet. We used the Kappa test for the agreement analysis. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics presenting both absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 18 articles have been selected, all of which were published in English between the years of 1968 and 2017 in 4 different continents. Most of them were case reports and were conducted in hospitals and universities involved male children. The research area with the highest number of studies was Dentistry, followed by Medicine and Psychology, with clinical examinations as their most utilized diagnostic strategy. Conclusions: The literature on the subject is still quite scarce and has a low level of scientific evidence, which highlights the need for studies with high levels of scientific evidence in order to reach a better understanding of matters that are inherent to this scoping review’s topic

Clinical complications of G6PD deficiency in Latin American and Caribbean populations : systematic review and implications for malaria elimination programmes

Background: Although G6PDd individuals are generally asymptomatic throughout their life, the clinical burden of this genetic condition includes a range of haematological conditions, including acute haemolytic anaemia (AHA), neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and chronic non-sphaerocytic anaemia (CNSA). In Latin America (LA), the huge knowledge gap regarding G6PDd is related to the scarce understanding of the burden of clinical manifestation underlying G6PDd carriage. The aim of this work was to study the clinical significance of G6PDd in LA and the Caribbean region through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Only original research was included. All study designs were included, as long as any clinical information was present. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported clinical information from populations living in LA or Caribbean countries or about migrants from these countries living in countries outside this continent. Results: The Medline search generated 487 papers, and the LILACS search identified 140 papers. After applying the inclusion criteria, 100 original papers with any clinical information on G6PDd in LA were retrieved. Additionally, 16 articles were included after reading the references from these papers. These 116 articles reported data from 18 LA and Caribbean countries. The major clinical manifestations reported from LA countries were those related to AHA, namely drug-induced haemolysis. Most of the published works regarding drug-induced haemolysis in LA referred to haemolytic crises in P. vivax malaria patients during the course of the treatment with primaquine (PQ). Favism, infection-induced haemolysis, NNJ and CNSA appear to play only a minor public health role in this continent. Conclusion: Haemolysis in patients using PQ seems to be the major clinical manifestation of G6PDd in LA and contributes to the morbidity of P. vivax infection in this continent, although the low number of reported cases, which could be linked to under-reporting of complications. These results support the need for better strategies to diagnose and manage G6PDd in malaria field conditions. Additionally, Malaria Control Programmes in LA should not overlook this condition in their national guidelines

Antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan

The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 (MIC = 0.031 mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells.The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 ( mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance . SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells201

Utilização de simulação para ensino em cardiologia: relato de experiência de acadêmicos de medicina

Simulation can be defined as the technique used to replace or amplify real experiences, which can be in an environment of total or partial immersion, which evokes or replicates essential aspects of daily practice, in an interactive way. This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, based on the reports of nine medical students. The benefits reported by academics show that simulation allows the use of this controlled environment in the teaching of cardiology, where the error does not have a direct harmful consequence to the patient, on the contrary, even these situations generate a learning opportunity with the discussions generated around of the proposed scenario. This allows students to feel less pressured, insecure, creating an environment with greater comfort and safety. These reports reinforce the benefits of the method for the learning process, highlighting the possibility of repetition without harming the patient.Simulação pode ser definida como a técnica utilizada para substituir ou amplificar experiências reais, podendo ser em ambiente de imersão total ou parcial, que evoca ou replica aspectos essenciais da prática diária, de uma forma interativa. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado a partir do relato de nove discentes do curso de medicina. Os benefícios relatados pelos acadêmicos mostram que a simulação permite a utilização desse ambiente controlado no ensino de cardiologia, onde o erro não incide em uma consequência danosa direta ao paciente, pelo contrário, mesmo essas situações geram uma oportunidade de aprendizado com as discussões geradas em torno do cenário proposto. Isso permite que os alunos se sintam menos pressionados, inseguros, gerando um ambiente com maior conforto e segurança. Esses relatos reforçam os benefícios do método para o processo de aprendizagem, destacando a possibilidade de repetição sem gerar dano ao paciente

Utilização de simulação para ensino em cardiologia: relato de experiência de acadêmicos de medicina

Simulation can be defined as the technique used to replace or amplify real experiences, which can be in an environment of total or partial immersion, which evokes or replicates essential aspects of daily practice, in an interactive way. This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, based on the reports of nine medical students. The benefits reported by academics show that simulation allows the use of this controlled environment in the teaching of cardiology, where the error does not have a direct harmful consequence to the patient, on the contrary, even these situations generate a learning opportunity with the discussions generated around of the proposed scenario. This allows students to feel less pressured, insecure, creating an environment with greater comfort and safety. These reports reinforce the benefits of the method for the learning process, highlighting the possibility of repetition without harming the patient.Simulação pode ser definida como a técnica utilizada para substituir ou amplificar experiências reais, podendo ser em ambiente de imersão total ou parcial, que evoca ou replica aspectos essenciais da prática diária, de uma forma interativa. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado a partir do relato de nove discentes do curso de medicina. Os benefícios relatados pelos acadêmicos mostram que a simulação permite a utilização desse ambiente controlado no ensino de cardiologia, onde o erro não incide em uma consequência danosa direta ao paciente, pelo contrário, mesmo essas situações geram uma oportunidade de aprendizado com as discussões geradas em torno do cenário proposto. Isso permite que os alunos se sintam menos pressionados, inseguros, gerando um ambiente com maior conforto e segurança. Esses relatos reforçam os benefícios do método para o processo de aprendizagem, destacando a possibilidade de repetição sem gerar dano ao paciente

Biological activity and chemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of Miconia ferruginata DC. / Atividade biológica e composição química dos extratos etanólicos de Miconia ferruginata DC.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Miconia ferruginata DC. is a native plant from Brazilian Cerrado biome known as “pixirica” or “babatenã”, widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antibiotic agent. Aim of the study: This study aimed to perform a preliminary analysis of the chemical profile and screening of biological activities of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves/flowers (EELF) and of the stem (EES) of this species. Materials and methods: The techniques Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography with diode-array detection (UFLC-DAD) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) performed chemical analysis. Biological activities evaluated for the antibacterial, antitripanosamatides and antitumor effect through in vitro assays, by MTT and resazurin.Results: Although the extracts showed a negligible result for antibacterial and antitripanosamatides effect, this species showed a high cytotoxicity against tumor cells (p< 0.001) of 4T1, A549 and? MDA-MB-231, associated with low cell toxicity against fibroblasts. High concentration of phenolic compounds detected in the extracts, especially flavonoids derivates from quercetin, catechins and phenolic acids. Conclusion: These phenolic compounds have a high biological potential and may be responsible for the observed cytoxicity, together the data suggest the M. ferruginata has a great potential for being one promising candidate for further studies against cancer