La Geografía a las puertas del tercer milenio a partir de las tesis doctorales leídas en los noventa

Tendencies of research in contemporary Geography were analysed by means of the latest PhD studies in Geography in Spanish Universities. Our analysis shows that research is still focused on local and regional environments with different techniques and methods. There is still need to actualise the descriptors of PhD studies classification.Se han analizado las tendencias de la investigación en la Geografía actual a través de las tesis doctorales de Geografía en los últimos años en las Universidades españolas. El análisis muestra que continua la tendencia a investigar sobre ámbitos locales y regionales con una gran pluralidad de técnicas. Se ha detectado también que existe una necesidad de actualizar los descriptores de clasificación de las tesis doctorales de la base de datos TESEO.Les tendences des ênquetes dans la géographie ont etés analysés a travers les théses doctorales dans les dernieres années dans les Universités Espagnoles. L´analise montre que la téndence continue a ênqueter sur les cadres locaux et regionaux avec une grande pluralité de techniques. Il a eté detecté aussi qu´il existe un besoin de metre a jour les déchifreurs de triage des théses doctorales sur les données TESEO

Reliability of reported underlying causes of neonatal death : implications for the study of preventable mortality

Analisam-se as principais causas de morte neonatal, a confiabilidade da causa básica constante nas declarações de óbito e o impacto dos problemas de confiabilidade na análise de morte prevenível. A informação constante nas declarações de óbito de urna amostra de 15% dos óbitos neonatais, ocorridos entre maio de 1986 e abril de 1987, na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, é comparada com a dos prontuários hospitalares de 452 crianças falecidas. Identificou-se no prontuário o diagnóstico, denominado "causa básica modificada", considerada mais correta segundo as regras de classificação de doenças. A grande maioria dos óbitos foram devidos às causas perinatais (87%). A concordância simples entre a causa básica original e a modificada foi baixa - 38% para 3 dígitos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças e 33% para 4 dígitos. As causas básicas modificadas mostram maior peso das afecções e complicações maternas, com aumento de 12,8 vezes, e das complicações relacionadas com a placenta, cordão, trabalho de parto ou parto, que aumentaram 6,2 vezes em relação as causas originalmente declaradas. A utilização da causa básica modificada elevou consideravelmente (58%) o percentual de óbitos considerados "reduzíveis" pela classificação de mortalidade neonatal proposta pela Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. Do total dos óbitos, 75% foram considerados reduzíveis ou parcialmente reduzíveis. Foram identificados 107 (24%) óbitos em crianças com adequado peso ao nascer, 60% dos quais foram considerados como reduzível ou parcialmente reduzível, bem como 4 óbitos por sífilis congênita, 3 por doença hemolítica perinatal, e 21 crianças que vieram a morrer no domicílio. Em conclusão, foram constatados importantes problemas na confiabilidade da declaração da causa básica de óbitos neonatais, cuja correção tende a elevar a proporção considerada reduzível ou prevenível. Fica evidente o potencial de utilização do atestado de óbito para o monitoramento de qualidade, entretanto sendo necessário um aprimoramento da qualidade do seu preenchimento. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe main causes of neonatal mortality, the reliability of the underlying cause of death registered in the death certificate, and the impact of problems of reliability on the analysis of preventable death were studied. The information on death certificates from a 15% sample of neonatal deaths between May 1986 and April 1987 in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro was compared to the information in the hospital records of the 452 deceased infants. A "modified underlying cause" considered most correct according to disease classification rules was identified from the records. The great majority of deaths (87%) were due to perinatal causes. Agreement between the originally declared and modified underlying causes of death was poor: 38% for 3 digits of the International Classification of Diseases Codes (CID-9) and 33% for 4 digits. The modified underlying causes are more weighted towards maternal conditions and complications, which increased by a factor of 12.8, and towards complications of the placenta, umbilical cord, labour and delivery, which rose by a factor of 6.2 in relation to the original causes. The utilization of the "modified" underlying cause elevated considerably (58%) the proportion of deaths considered reducible by the classification of neonatal death proposed by the SEADE Foundation. Seventy-five percent (75%) of deaths were considered reducible or partially reducible. One hundred and seven (24%) of the deaths of them being in infants of normal birthweight, of which 60% considered preventable. Four (4) deaths from congenital syphilis, 3 from perinatal hemolytic diseases, and 21 unattended home deaths of infants were also identified. In summary, important problems were identified in the reliability of the declaration of the underlying causes of neonatal death, whose correction tends to elevate the proportion considered reducible or preventable. The potential for the use of death certificate data for the monitoring of quality is evident, nonetheless improvements are needed in the quality of these data

Meta-analysis of the response of elephant grass and panicum grass to nitrogen fertilization

The present work employed a metanalytical study to summarize and analyze data on nitrogen fertilization in forage species Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) and Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum). Research works carried out in Brazil between 2010 and 2020 were considered, including only scientific articles and dissertations. Based on the data contained in these works, the relative increment of dry matter and crude protein was calculated in relation to the control treatment (without nitrogen fertilization) and the efficiency of the use of nitrogen in the production of dry matter and crude protein. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance for linear and quadratic effect in each of the variables, in the case of significance, regression analysis was performed. Nitrogen fertilization on Pennisetum purpureum above 1000 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare and in Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum) above 100 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare compromises the efficiency of dry matter production. At doses above 500 kilograms of nitrogen there is a drastic reduction in the efficiency of crude protein production by Pennisetum purpureum. The same reduction is seen in all doses of nitrogen by Megathyrsus maximus (Sin. Panicum maximum).Nitrogen fertilization is an efficient practice to improve pasture productivity and quality. However, the efficiency of Nitrogen (N) application depends on favorable climatic conditions. Thus, in the present work, a metanalytic study was used to summarize and analyze data on nitrogen fertilization in forage species: elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and panicum grass [Megathyrsus maximus (Syn. Panicum maximum)], in order to determine the critical levels and recommended doses of nutrients for the rational use of fertilizers in forage plants, whether in pastures or weeds. Therefore, in this study, a systematic review was used, which is a type of investigation, for which research works carried out in Brazil between 2010 and 2020 were considered, including only scientific articles and dissertations. Based on the data from these studies, the relative increments of dry matter and crude protein in relation to the control treatment and the efficiency of nitrogen use in the production of dry matter and crude protein were calculated. All data collected were submitted to analysis of variance for linear and quadratic effects on each of the variables and, in case of significance, regression analysis was performed. Nitrogen fertilization in Pennisetum purpureum and Megathyrsus maximus provides consistent increases in dry matter and crude protein production, however above 1000 kg of nitrogen ha-1 there is a compromise in the efficiency of dry matter production. With a view to reducing losses due to the lower efficiency in crude protein production, it is important to verify that above 500 kg of nitrogen, there is a drastic reduction in the efficiency of crude protein production by Pennisetum purpureum. For all nitrogen doses, there is a drastic reduction in crude protein production efficiency by Megathyrsus maximus in relation to the control

The Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on Olivine Nano-Silica

This paper provides an overview of the effects of ripening the olivine nano-silica to form particles with a lower specific surface area for optimal use in high performance concrete. The nano-silica was ripened using a hydrothermal treatment in a mixed batch reactor at 90 °C, pH ranging from 8 to 10 and a silica weight percentage of three and six percent. The specific surface area of the olivine nano-silica can be reduced by 62 percent by Ostwald ripening in 22 hours. This reduction corresponds to a 80 percent drop of the micropore surface area and a 57 percent drop of the external surface area. The different hydrothermal conditions did not affect the final specific surface area at the equilibrium. However, the use of a high energy mixer reduced the specific surface area by 52 percent in only five minutes. Despite the reduction in specific surface area, the aggregates of the original olivine nano-silica are not dissolved during the ripening process. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3491

Improved simulation of phase change processes in applications where conduction is the dominant heat transfer mode

This is the post-print of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2012 ElsevierThis paper reports on the development, experimental validation and application of a semi-empirical model for the simulation of the phase change process in phase change materials (PCM). PCMs are now increasingly being used in various building materials such as plasterboard, concrete or panels to improve thermal control in buildings and accurate modelling of their behaviour is important to effectively capture the effects of storage on indoor thermal conditions. Unlike many commercial simulation packages that assume very similar melting and freezing behaviour for the PCM and no hysteresis, the methodology employed treats the melting and freezing processes separately and this allows the inclusion of the effect of hysteresis in the modelling. As demonstrated by the results in this paper, this approach provides a more accurate prediction of the temperature and heat flow in the material, which is of particular importance in providing accurate representation of indoor thermal conditions during thermal cycling. The difference in the prediction accuracy of the two methods is a function of the properties of the PCM. The smaller the hysteresis of the PCM, the lower will be the prediction error of the conventional approach, and solution time will become the determining factor in selecting the simulation approach in practical applications.This work is funded from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK, Grant No: EP/H004181/1

Level I Fieldwork: Could Simulation be the Answer? A Descriptive Study

This article describes the creation and outcomes of simulation as Level I Fieldwork for entry level graduate occupational therapy students. The simulations were created by a team of interprofessional educators following the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning best practices. Additionally, the simulations were designed to meet the student learning outcomes of Level I Fieldwork. Students participated in eight high-fidelity simulations and were evaluated with self-ratings, peer ratings, and faculty ratings. Each student completed a student evaluation of the fieldwork experience, with rating scales and open-ended questions to understand student perceptions of the experience. The vast majority of students met or exceeded expectations on all rating scales. Faculty ratings on student performance were consistently higher than peer ratings and self-ratings. Student perceptions of their experiences were mostly positive, and the majority of students reported meeting the student learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that Level I Fieldwork with well-designed simulation can result in positive student perceptions, achievement of student learning outcomes, and a consistent student experience

Lauraceae

Árboles o arbustos perennifolios, de hojas alternas, simples, pecioladas, bordes enteros, fragantes por la presencia de células oleíferas en los tejidos parenquimá- ticos. inflorescencias axilares cimosas o racimosas, raro flor solitaria. Flores pequeñas, blancas, amarillentas o verdosas, perfectas o imperfectas, actinomorfas. Perianto formado por dos ciclos trímeros iguales, base tubulada. Estambres en cuatro ciclos de tres, generalmente el interno reducido a estaminodios, anteras de dehiscencia valvar. Ovario súpero o semiínfero, tricarpelar, unilocular, con un solo ovulo anátropo y péndulo, estilo corto o largo, con estigma pequeño y capitado, entero o lobado. Fruto baya o drupa, globoso o elipsoide, rodeado en la base por el receptáculo persistente o no. Semilla exalbuminada con cotiledón carnoso

Developing Critical Thinking in OT Education: Effectiveness of a Fishbowl Approach

This paper explores the effectiveness of peer assisted learning on developing critical thinking skills in an occupational therapy graduate course. The use of peer teaching strategies, including a Fishbowl discussion and case-based problem solving, were compared to a faculty-led lecture approach to determine which approach best prepared student critical thinking. Participants included 115 first year graduate occupational therapy students. No statistically significant differences were noted in student ability to express knowledge, comprehension, and application of information. However, statistically significant differences were noted on graduate student ability to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate using newly learned information when peer teaching strategies were used in the classroom. Therefore, the authors concluded peer assisted learning approaches may support better integration of knowledge at higher levels of Bloom’s knowledge for critical thinking than traditional faculty-led teaching approaches