Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent during the Years 1799-1804 Vol. 4

Written in French by Alexander von Humboldt, and translated into English by Helen Maria Williams. - London 1818 CONTENTS VOL. I. BOOK I. CHAPTER I. Preparations.-Instruments.-Departure from Spain. --Landing at the Canary Islands. ... 1 CHAPTER II. Stay at Teneriffe.-Journey from Santa Cruz to Orotava.-Excursion to the top of the Peak of Teyde. 111 VOL. II. CHAPTER III. Passage from Teneriffe to the coasts of South America. -The Island of Tobago.-Arrival at Cumana. BOOK II. CHAPTER IV. First abode at Cumana.-Banks of the Manzanares. 175 CHAPTER V. Peninsula of Araya. - Salt-marshes. - Ruins of the Castle of San Giacomo. . . . . 23

Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent during the Years 1799-1804 Vol. 5

Written in French by Alexander von Humboldt, and translated into English by Helen Maria Williams. - London 1818 CONTENTS VOL. I. BOOK I. CHAPTER I. Preparations.-Instruments.-Departure from Spain. --Landing at the Canary Islands. ... 1 CHAPTER II. Stay at Teneriffe.-Journey from Santa Cruz to Orotava.-Excursion to the top of the Peak of Teyde. 111 VOL. II. CHAPTER III. Passage from Teneriffe to the coasts of South America. -The Island of Tobago.-Arrival at Cumana. BOOK II. CHAPTER IV. First abode at Cumana.-Banks of the Manzanares. 175 CHAPTER V. Peninsula of Araya. - Salt-marshes. - Ruins of the Castle of San Giacomo. . . . . 23

Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent during the Years 1799-1804 Vol. 3

Written in French by Alexander von Humboldt, and translated into English by Helen Maria Williams. - London 1818 CONTENTS VOL. I. BOOK I. CHAPTER I. Preparations.-Instruments.-Departure from Spain. --Landing at the Canary Islands. ... 1 CHAPTER II. Stay at Teneriffe.-Journey from Santa Cruz to Orotava.-Excursion to the top of the Peak of Teyde. 111 VOL. II. CHAPTER III. Passage from Teneriffe to the coasts of South America. -The Island of Tobago.-Arrival at Cumana. BOOK II. CHAPTER IV. First abode at Cumana.-Banks of the Manzanares. 175 CHAPTER V. Peninsula of Araya. - Salt-marshes. - Ruins of the Castle of San Giacomo. . . . . 23

fortalecer la cadena de valor de turismo sostenible del municipio de Suesca, a través del acompañamiento al comité de turismo y la implementación de acciones del plan de uso público del corredor ecoturístico Rocas de Suesca y San Marino: Propuesta proyecto San Marino

La presente propuesta se basa en los resultados de las fases anteriores del proyecto de fortalecimiento de cadena de valor en turismos sostenible en Suesca. Busca definr una estrategia de viabilidad técnica, económica, ambiental y social para dar inicio a la operación del parque San Marino ubicado en Suesca (Cund.), en un predio propiedad de la CAR el cual ha sido considerado como área de interés ambiental en el Plan de gestión ambiental regional PGAR 2001– 2010 y Plan de Acción Trienal 2007 – 2009. Se fundamenta en la propuesta realizada por Andrés Torres en 2007 para el Instituto Humboldt, denominada: “Propuesta de operación lote san MarinoBogot

Memorias IX semana de los páramos Perú 2016 intercambio regional de alternativas de producción: oportunidades de negocios verdes y agrobiodiversidad del Páramo

Un espacio de encuentro educativo y comunicativo para las comunidades y productores de los páramos de Colombia Ecuador y Perú; al igual que para las instituciones que desarrollan proyectos orientados a la conservación y la sostenibilidad de estos ecosistemas.BogotáProyecto Páramos: Biodiversidad y Recursos Hídricos en los Andes del Nort

Correspondências entre Joachim Le Breton e a corte portuguesa na Europa: o nascimento da Missão Artística de 1816

A series of documents kept at the National Archive of Tombo Tower in Lisbon offers us important tools to understand the origin of the 1 81 6 Artistic Mission. Although some Brazilian historians have already explored this field extensively - including Afonso d'Escragnolle Taunay, Mário Barata and Mário Pedrosa in their invaluable publications, not to mention Jean-Baptiste Debret in his writings - it is important to shed new light on this subject so that we may understand how the project of art and industrial education was conceived in Europe byJoachim Le Breton. How did the Mission's project come about? This paper proposes to review certain letters kept at the Tombo Tower and exchanged between Portuguese diplomats and Le Breton in 1815, while the latter was still in Paris, for the ultimate purpose of retracing the first steps of this story.Uma série de documentos conservados no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, em Lisboa, oferece-nos ainda instrumentos significativos para a compreensão da origem da Missão Artística de 1816. Embora alguns historiadores brasileiros tenham já explorado intensamente este campo, dentre os quais as preciosas publicações de Afonso d'Escragnolle Taunay, Mário Barata e Mário Pedrosa - destacando-se também os escritos deJean-Baptiste Debret -, convém buscar novas luzes para entender a concepção do projeto de ensino artístico e industrial, ainda na Europa, pelas mãos de Joachim Le Breton. Como surgiu o projeto da Missão? Este artigo tem como objetivo a análise de algumas correspondências conservadas na Torre do Tombo, trocadas entre Le Breton e os diplomatas portugueses em 1815, ainda em Paris, visando à recuperação dos primeiros passos desta história

Low emission development strategies in agriculture. An agriculture, forestry, and other land uses (AFOLU) perspective

As countries experience economic growth and choose among available development pathways, they are in a favorable position to adopt natural resource use technologies and production practices that favor efficient use of inputs, healthy soils, and ecosystems. Current emphasis on increasing resilience to climate change and reducing agricultural greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions strengthens the support for sustainable agricultural production. In fact, reducing losses in soil fertility, reclaiming degraded lands, and promoting synergistic interaction between crop production and forests are generally seen as good climate change policies. In order for decision-makers to develop long-term policies that address these issues, they must have tools at their disposal that evaluate trade-offs, opportunities, and repercussions of the options considered. In this paper, the authors combine and reconcile the output of three models widely accessible to the public to analyze the impacts of policies that target emission reduction in the agricultural sector. We present an application to Colombia which reveals the importance of considering the full scope of interactions among the various land uses. Results indicate that investments in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the livestock sector and reducing land allocated to pasture are preferable to policies that target deforestation alone or target a reduction of emissions in crop production. Investments in livestock productivity and land-carrying capacity would reduce deforestation and provide sufficient gains in carbon stock to offset greater emissions from increased crop production while generating higher revenues

Com o diabo no corpo: os terríveis papagaios do Brasil colônia

Desde a Antiguidade, papagaios, periquitos e afins (Psittacidae) fascinaram os europeus por seu vivo colorido e uma notável capacidade de interação com seres humanos. A descoberta do Novo Mundo nada faria além de acrescentar novos elementos ao tráfico de animais exóticos há muito estabelecido pelos europeus com a África e o Oriente. Sem possuir grandes mamíferos, a América tropical participaria desse comércio com o que tinha de mais atrativo, essencialmente felinos, primatas e aves - em particular os papagaios, os quais eram embarcados em bom número. Contudo, a julgar pelos documentos do Brasil colônia, esses voláteis podiam inspirar muito pouca simpatia, pois nenhum outro animal - exceto as formigas - foi tantas vezes mencionado como praga para a agricultura. Além disso, alguns psitácidas mostravam-se tão loquazes que inspiravam a séria desconfiança de serem animais demoníacos ou possessos, pois só três classes de entidades - anjos, homens e demônios - possuíam o dom da palavra. Nos dias de hoje, vários representantes dos Psittacidae ainda constituem uma ameaça para a agricultura, enquanto os indivíduos muito faladores continuam despertando a suspeita de estarem possuídos pelo demônio. Transcendendo a mera curiosidade, essa crença exemplifica o quão intrincadas podem ser as relações do homem com o chamado “mundo natural”, revelando um universo mais amplo e multifacetado do que se poderia supor a princípio. Nesse sentido, a existência de aves capazes de falar torna essa relação ainda mais complexa e evidencia que as dificuldades de estabelecer o limite entre o animal e o humano se estendem além dos primatas e envolvem as mais inusitadas espécies zoológicas.Since ancient times, parrots and their allies (Psittacidae) have fascinated Europeans by their striking colors and notable ability to interact with human beings. The discovery of the New World added new species to the international exotic animal trade, which for many centuries had brought beasts to Europe from Africa and the Orient. Lacking large mammals, tropical America participated in this trade with its most appealing species, essentially felines, primates and birds - especially parrots - which were shipped in large numbers. It should be noted, however, that at times these birds were not well liked. In fact, according to documents from colonial Brazil, only the ants rank higher than parrots as the animals most often mentioned as agricultural pests. On the other hand, some of these birds were so chatty that people suspected them to be demonic or possessed animals, since only three classes of beings - angels, men and demons - have the ability to speak. Nowadays, several Psittacidae still constitute a threat to agriculture, and the suspicion that extremely talkative birds were demon possessed has also survived. More than a joke or a mere curiosity, this belief exemplifies how intricate man’s relationships with the “natural world” may be. In this sense, the existence of birds that are able to speak adds a further twist to these relationships, demonstrating that the problem of establishing a boundary between the animal and the human does not only involve primates, but also includes some unusual zoological species