A escola e as diferenças : os cursos de educação e formação

Nas últimas décadas, o acesso à escola de todos os jovens e o prolongamento da escolaridade básica colocaram no seu interior questões que até então lhe eram estranhas, desafiando o sistema educativo a responder eficazmente aos problemas decorrentes da heterogeneidade sociocultural dos estudantes. A escolaridade obrigatória veio desocultar aspetos reveladores de que, embora retoricamente a escola se reclame para todos, na realidade é desigual o uso dos bens que ela proporciona. Se, à partida os alunos já se encontram diferentemente posicionados, o funcionamento da escola, os currículos, as respostas dadas às necessidades dos alunos e as práticas pedagógicas, entre outros mecanismos, tendem a potenciar essas diferenças iniciais. A implementação de medidas educativas destinadas a combater o fracasso, o abandono escolar e a entrada no mercado de trabalho de mão de obra jovem e desqualificada implica que, dentro da mesma escola, coexistam diferentes modalidades de valor simbólico diferente que intervêm como obstáculo à realização do princípio de igualdade de oportunidades de acesso e de uso dos bens educativos. Nesta investigação, estudamos os cursos de educação e formação (CEF), uma modalidade exclusivamente destinada a certas categorias da população escolar, com o objetivo de compreender o modo como a escola se organiza para construir a oferta CEF, apreciando a distância entre o que as políticas educativas preconizam e os seus resultados reais numa escola situada no meio rural de um concelho do norte interior.Over the last decades, access of all young people to education and the extension of basic education have posed new questions to school, challenging the education system to respond effectively to the problems brought about by the students’ socio-cultural heterogeneity. Compulsory education has uncovered aspects which reveal that, although school rhetorically claims to be for all, the use of the resources it provides is in fact unequal. Students come from different backgrounds and the functioning of school, the curricula, the responses given to students’ needs and pedagogical practices, among other mechanisms, tend to accentuate those initial differences. The implementation of educational measures to fight against failure, school dropout and the entry of unqualified young people into the labour market implies the coexistence in the same school of different modalities with different symbolic value which hinder the realization of the principles of equal opportunities to access and use of educational resources. In this research we studied Education and Training Courses (Cursos de Educação e Formação - CEF), a modality which is exclusively intended for specific school student population categories. Our aim was to understand the way school organizes itself to build this type of course, assessing the gap between what is prescribed by education policies and the real outcomes in a school located in a rural area of an interior northern municipality

Osteolipoma of the buccal mucosa

Lipomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasms of soft tissue that can be found in any part of the human body. Conversely, their presence in the oral mucosa is rather uncommon, with approximately 4% of the cases occurring in the oral cavity. In such cases, they are likely to have originated from mature adipose tissue and to be among several described histological variants of lipomas, which are identified according to the predominant type of tissue. There is a rare lipoma, known as an osteolipoma or an ossifying lipoma; however, little has been written this type of lipoma characterized by a classical lipoma with areas of osseous metaplasia. Considering the few cases of oral osteolipomas previously described in the English-related literature and the consequent risk of misdiagnosis and overtreatment, this paper describes an extreme case of an osteolipoma affecting the buccal mucosa of an adult patient. This paper focuses particularly on the pathogenesis of this lesion and the discussion of a correct diagnosis

Economic evaluations of colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review and quality assessment

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and ranks second in mortality. Screening programs for early detection and treatment have been implemented in several countries. Economic evaluations are an important tool to support decision-making about reimbursement and coverage decisions in health systems and, therefore, to support efficient resource allocation. The article aims to review the up-to-date evidence on economic evaluations of CRC screening strategies. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SciELO, Lilacs, CRD databases, and lists of references were reviewed to identify relevant literature regarding full economic evaluations of CRC screening in asymptomatic average-risk individuals over 40 years old. Searches were conducted with no restriction to language, setting, or date. Qualitative syntheses described CRC screening strategies and comparators (baseline context), study designs, key parameter inputs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Seventy-nine articles were included. Most of the studies were from high-income countries and a third-party payer perspective. Markov models were predominantly used, although microsimulation has been increasingly adopted in the last 15 years. The authors found 88 different screening strategies for CRC, which differed in the type of technique, the interval of screening, and the strategy, i.e., isolated or combined. The annual fecal immunochemical test was the most predominant screening strategy. All studies reported cost-effective results in their scenarios compared to no screening scenarios. One-quarter of the publications reported cost-saving results. It is still necessary to develop future economic evaluations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), which account for the high burden of disease

Communication of Epidemiological Data on Covid-19 In the State of Bahia, Brazil: An Experience Report of The State Epidemiological Surveillance Team

In view of the Covid-19 pandemic scenario, the dissemination of safe and correct information about the disease is essential to raise the population\u27s awareness about preventive measures and to direct public policies to deal with the state of emergency in public health. The objective of this paper is to describe the process of improvement and qualification of communication in the preparation of Covid-19 epidemiological data in the state of Bahia. The dissemination of epidemiological data contributed to the dissemination of information to the media in Bahia and Brazil. With the evolution of the disease, the need to present data in a more accessible way to the population has become urgent, requiring the team to institute measures to improve their work process in order to disseminate epidemiological data in a faster and more transparent manner. In contrast to this complex scenario, the permanent effort and dedication so that the data were consistent with the local reality, reliable and accessible, supporting the actions and strategies to fight the pandemic, can guarantee transparency to the population, the commitment of the information made available and the institution of social measures to control the pandemic

Detección precoz del cáncer de mama: el papel de la percepción de riesgo y la historia familiar

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de neoplasia con más mortalidad entre las mujeres brasileñas. La historia familiar tiene un papel importante, pues su análisis permite identificar posibles riesgos genéticos. Objectivo: comparar la percepción de riesgo y el autocuidado del cáncer de mama en mujeres sanas con y sin historia familiar de la enfermedad. Método: Participaron 211 mujeres (edad media = 59,11 años, DT= 8,54), de las cuales 55 (26,4%) tenían historia familiar de la enfermedad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de conductas de salud y un cuestionario de percepción de riesgo. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que no existían diferencias significativas en la percepción de riesgo y conductas de autocuidado entre mujeres con y sin historia familiar de cáncer de mama, lo que señala la necesidad de protocolos de trabajo para los psicólogos en la prevención del cáncer de mama en mujeres con historia familiar de enfermedad oncológica, lo que incluye la comprensión de los factores de riesgo y las causas de la enfermedad, así como su responsabilidad en el seguimiento

A multidisciplinary treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: a 14-year follow-up case report

Absence of the maxillary lateral incisor creates an aesthetic problem which can be managed in various ways. The condition requires careful treatment planning and consideration of the options and outcomes following either space closure or prosthetic replacement. Recent developments in restorative dentistry have warranted a re-evaluation of the approach to this clinical situation. Factors relating both to the patient and the teeth, including the presentation of malocclusion and the effect on the occlusion must be considered. The objective of this study was to describe the etiology, prevalence and alternative treatment modalities for dental agenesis and to present a clinical case of agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors treated by the closure of excessive spaces and canine re-anatomization. A clinical case is presented to illustrate the interdisciplinary approach between orthodontics and restorative dentistry for improved esthetic results. In this report, the treatment of a girl with a Class II malocclusion of molars and canines with missing maxillary lateral incisors and convex facial profile is shown. Treatment was successfully achieved and included the space closure of the areas corresponding to the missing upper lateral incisors, through movement of the canines and the posterior teeth to mesial by fixed appliances as well as the canines transformation in the maxillary lateral incisors. This is a 14-year follow-up case report involving orthodontics and restorative dentistry in which pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term follow-up records for the patient are presented

Determinants of the mean growth rate of children under the age of six months: a cohort study

This study aimed to investigate some factors that contributed to higher or lower growth rate of children up to the sixth month of life. This is a cohort study with 240 children evaluated in four stages. Variables of birth, eating habits of the child, mothers’ breast-feeding difficulty and pacifier use were investigated. Children’s weight gain rate (grams/day) and size gain (cm/month) were measured in all assessments and compared according to the variables of interest. In the first month, weight gain rate of children born by cesarean section was smaller. By the second month, the growth rate (weight and size gain) was higher among children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed and lower among those who consumed infant formula. Children of mothers who reported difficulty to breastfeed showed a lower growth rate until the second month. Children age four months who consumed porridge had lower weight and size gain rate. Pacifier use was associated with lower weight gain rates up the first, second and fourth month

INTEGRALIDADE NA REABILITAÇÃO FÍSICA: VISÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS SOBRE AS DIFICULDADES E ESTRATÉGIAS PARA SEU ALCANCE

Objetivo: analisar as dificuldades e estratégias para o alcance da integralidade do cuidado na reabilitação física. Método: estudo fundamentado na Hermenêutica-dialética. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pelo Método de Interpretação dos Sentidos. Participaram 24 profissionais de um Centro de Reabilitação, do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: emergiram cinco categorias: a compreensão da saúde como direito universal; a formação profissional; o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional; a participação do paciente como protagonista no processo de cuidado; as estratégias para o alcance da integralidade. As dificuldades para o alcance da integralidade na reabilitação física estão relacionadas ao usuário, ao cuidar e à gestão e as sugestões de melhoria indicam a importância de reflexão da prática para estruturação de cursos e treinamentos. Conclusão: as dificuldades e as estratégias de superação apontam para possíveis caminhos comunicativos com a participação dos atores envolvidos, que poderá possibilitar a integralidade. Descritores: Integralidade Em Saúde. Assistência Integral à Saúde. Reabilitação. Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente

Evaluation of Satisfaction of Adolescents Treated by Dental Students

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction of adolescents undergoing dental treatment between 2016 and 2018 at the Dental School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (FAO UFMG). Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using the Oral Health Services Satisfaction Assessment Questionnaire (QASSaB). The structured questionnaire has eleven questions divided among the dimensions: dentist / patient relationship, relationship with other professionals, effectiveness, accessibility/availability, technical-scientific quality, cleanliness and physical environment, acceptability, effectiveness/resolution, each with five response options. Descriptive data analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 145 adolescents participated in this study, 60 males and 85 females; 74.85% of adolescents rated dental treatment received as excellent, 76.7% reported having no symptoms after treatment, 46.2% considered it easy/very easy to get treatment, 65.6% reported that waiting time was short/very short, 90% considered dental equipment modern/very modern, 98% regarded the cleanliness of the waiting room and bathrooms as being excellent, 83.4% reported that they always received an explanation about the treatment, and 51.57% were totally satisfied with the appearance of the treated teeth and their chewing capacity. Conclusion: It was possible to observe that the adolescents, users of FAO UFMG, were satisfied with the service in the studied dimensions: human relations, effectiveness, accessibility/availability, technical-scientific quality, physical environment/cleanliness, acceptability and resolvability/effectiveness

Evaluation of Satisfaction of Adolescents Treated by Dental Students

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction of adolescents undergoing dental treatment between 2016 and 2018 at the Dental School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (FAO UFMG). Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using the Oral Health Services Satisfaction Assessment Questionnaire (QASSaB). The structured questionnaire has eleven questions divided among the dimensions: dentist / patient relationship, relationship with other professionals, effectiveness, accessibility/availability, technical-scientific quality, cleanliness and physical environment, acceptability, effectiveness/resolution, each with five response options. Descriptive data analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 145 adolescents participated in this study, 60 males and 85 females; 74.85% of adolescents rated dental treatment received as excellent, 76.7% reported having no symptoms after treatment, 46.2% considered it easy/very easy to get treatment, 65.6% reported that waiting time was short/very short, 90% considered dental equipment modern/very modern, 98% regarded the cleanliness of the waiting room and bathrooms as being excellent, 83.4% reported that they always received an explanation about the treatment, and 51.57% were totally satisfied with the appearance of the treated teeth and their chewing capacity. Conclusion: It was possible to observe that the adolescents, users of FAO UFMG, were satisfied with the service in the studied dimensions: human relations, effectiveness, accessibility/availability, technical-scientific quality, physical environment/cleanliness, acceptability and resolvability/effectiveness