O QUE FAZ OS HOMENS NÃO PRATICAREM GINÁSTICA LOCALIZADA JUNTO COM MULHERES EM ACADEMIAS DE JUAZEIRO DO NORTE

Este trabalho objetiva identificar os fatores que levam os homens a não praticarem ginástica localizada junto com mulheres nas academias de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. Sabe-se que a ginástica é uma atividade física existente há muitos anos, surgindo desde a pré-história com o intuito de exercitar o corpo para fins esportivos e estéticos. Possui várias finalidades, fundamentadas em conceitos de saúde, de padrão de beleza e de qualidade de vida, é recomendada para ambos os sexos e em todas as fases da vida. Pretende-se descrever os aspectos relevantes da ginástica localizada; identificar se existe algum tipo de preconceito em relação à prática desta modalidade de exercício, bem como verificar se os homens conhecem os benefícios que a ginástica localizada proporciona. O presente estudo é do tipo descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado com homens matriculados nas academias dessa cidade. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2012. A amostra foi composta por 161 homens com idades entre 16 e 72 anos, média de 22,4 anos. Houve predominância da faixa etária 18 a 24 anos com representação de 63 homens (39,1%), seguida daqueles com 25 a 34 anos (37,9%); decresce o número de entrevistados a partir de 35 anos, foi registrado 06 jovens com idade até 17 anos (3,7%). A maioria dos homens relataram que praticam esta atividade entre 1 e 2 anos. Sobre os benefícios da Ginástica Localizada 108 homens participantes da pesquisa (67,1%) afirmaram que não possuíam conhecimentos sobre os benefícios e 53 homens (32,9%) afirmaram possuir conhecimentos. Os professores de ginástica localizada devem demonstrar os benefícios desta atividade durante a aula visto que a maioria dos alunos não os conhecem. Pode-se concluir que a prática da ginástica localizada pode estar associada com a melhoria na qualidade de vida

A Systematic Review for Anti-Inflammatory Property of Clusiaceae Family: A Preclinical Approach

Background. Clusiaceae family (sensu lato) is extensively used in ethnomedicine for treating a number of disease conditions which include cancer, inflammation, and infection. The aim of this review is to report the pharmacological potential of plants of Clusiaceae family with the anti-inflammatory activity in animal experiments. Methods. A systematic review about experiments investigating anti-inflammatory activity of Clusiaceae family was carried out by searching bibliographic databases such as Medline, Scopus and Embase. In this update, the search terms were “anti-inflammatory agents,” “Clusiaceae,” and “animals, laboratory.” Results. A total of 255 publications with plants this family were identified. From the initial 255 studies, a total of 21 studies were selected for the final analysis. Studies with genera Allanblackia, Clusia, Garcinia or Rheedia, and Hypericum showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The findings include a decrease of total leukocytes, a number of neutrophils, total protein concentration, granuloma formation, and paw or ear edema formation. Other interesting findings included decreased of the MPO activity, and inflammatory mediators such as NF-κB and iNOS expression, PGE2 and Il-1β levels and a decrease in chronic inflammation. Conclusion. The data reported suggests the anti-inflammatory effect potential of Clusiaceae family in animal experiments

Antileishmanial Activity of Medicinal Plants Used in Endemic Areas in Northeastern Brazil

This study investigates the leishmanicidal activity of five species of plants used in folk medicine in endemic areas of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data were collected in the cities of Colonia Leopoldina, Novo Lino, and União dos Palmares, Alagoas state, from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania amazonensis) who use medicinal plants to treat this disease. Plants extracts were tested at a concentration of 1–100 μg/mL in all experiments, except in an assay to evaluate activity against amastigotes, when 10 μg/mL was used. All plants extracts did not show deleterious activity to the host cell evidenced by LDH assay at 100, 10, and 1 μg/mL after 48 h of incubation. The plants extracts Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit, Aloe vera L., Ruta graveolens L., Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. exhibited direct activity against extracellular forms at 100 μg/mL; these extracts inhibited growth by 81.9%, 82.9%, 74.4%, 88.7%, and 87.4%, respectively, when compared with promastigotes. The plants extracts H. pectinata, A. vera, and R. graveolens also significantly diminished the number of amastigotes at 10 μg/mL, inhibiting growth by 85.0%, 40.4%, 94.2%, and 97.4%, respectively, when compared with control. Based on these data, we conclude that the five plants exhibited considerable leishmanicidal activity

Adequação calórico-proteica de pacientes com COVID-19 em terapia nutricional no estado de Pernambuco: Protein-calorie adequacy of patients with COVID-19 in nutritional therapy in the state of Pernambuco

O novo coronavírus humano, o SARS-CoV-2, causador da COVID-19, provocou uma pandemia mundial, gerando grande número de infectados e mortes. A terapia nutricional (TN) é parte fundamental da atenção integral à saúde do paciente com COVID-19, sendo instituída após avaliação nutricional, ofertando calorias e proteínas nas quantidades adequadas, refletindo no estado nutricional do paciente. A recomendação calórico-proteica na terapia nutricional do paciente com COVID-19 deve seguir as recomendações vigentes. O estudo em questão teve objetivo de avaliar a adequação de calorias e proteínas, comparando com o tipo de internamento e desfecho clínico de pacientes com COVID-19 submetidos a terapia nutricional no estado de Pernambuco. O estudo foi feito a partir de dados secundários, sendo analisado dados sociodemográficos, sobre comorbidades, tipo de internamento, desfecho clínico e informações relacionadas a prescrição dietética. Os cálculos de adequação calórico-proteica foram realizados a partir dos dados de prescrição dietética, comparando-os com as recomendações vigentes. A amostra foi composta por 82 pacientes com média de idade de 58,69+15,76 anos, sendo 49,4% idosos e 51,2% do sexo masculino. As comorbidades mais frequentes no grupo estudado foram hipertensão, diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares respectivamente. Em relação ao tipo de internamento, 54,9% dos pacientes da amostra estavam em internamento clínico, 17,1% em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e 28% não apresentavam dados disponíveis/registrados no banco de dados.   Foi demonstrado que a mediana de consumo de calorias foi 1734,00 calorias/dia (Intervalo interquartílico (IQ) 1428,00- 1997,75) e a de proteínas 110,00 gramas/dia (IQ 100,00-138,25). A mediana de adequação do consumo calórico foi de 100% (IQ 99,37- 116,00) e a de consumo proteico 87% (IQ 77-100). Pacientes em internamento clínico tiveram maiores medianas de consumo de calorias (p=0,003), maiores medianas de adequação de calorias (p=0,036) e proteínas (p=0,003) em relação aos pacientes de UTI. Os pacientes que tiveram alta/transferência apresentaram maiores medianas de consumo de proteínas (p=0,09) e adequação calórico (p=0,001) proteica (p=0,014), quando comparado aos pacientes que foram a óbito. O presente estudo revelou que pacientes com oferta calórico-proteica inadequada apresentaram pior desfecho clínico e internamento em UTI, portanto o suporte nutricional deve ser considerado como terapia adjuvante no tratamento do paciente com COVID-19, pois apresenta impactos positivos no estado clínico e consequentemente, no tipo de internamento, bem como pode influenciar o desfecho clínico desses pacientes. Assim, atingir as metas nutricionais durante a internação deve ser uma das prioridades no tratamento do paciente com COVID-19

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Algae of the Genus Caulerpa

Marine natural products have been the focus of discovery for new products of chemical and pharmacological interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the methanolic (ME), acetate (AE), hexanic (HE) and chloroform (CE) extracts obtained from Caulerpa mexicana, and ME, CE and HE obtained from Caulerpa sertularioides. These marine algae are found all over the world, mainly in tropical regions. Models such as the writhing test, the hot plate test and formalin-induced nociception test were used to evaluate antinociceptive activity in laboratory mice. In the writhing test, all the extracts were administered orally at a concentration of 100 mg/kg, and induced high peripheral antinociceptive activity, with a reduction in the nociception induced by acetic acid above 65%. In the hot plate test, treatment with extracts from C. sertularioides (100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not significantly increase the latency of response, although the ME, AE and HE from C. mexicana showed activity in this model. This result suggests that these extracts exhibit antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, it was observed that ME, AE and HE obtained from C. mexicana reduced the effects of formalin in both phases. On the other hand only CE from C. sertularioides induced significant inhibition of the nociceptive response in the first phase. To better assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, the carrageenan-induced peritonitis test was used to test Caulerpa spp. extracts on cell migration into the peritoneal cavity. In this assay, all extracts evaluated were able to significantly inhibit leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity in comparison with carrageenan. These data demonstrate that extracts from Caulerpa species elicit pronounced antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity against several nociception models. However, pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive action and also to identify the active principles present in the Caulerpa species

Antinociceptive effects of an extract, fraction and an isolated compound of the stem bark of Maytenus rigida

The antinociceptive activity of the Maytenus rigida Mart. (Celastraceae) ethanol extract and its ethyl acetate fraction as well as of (-)-4'-methylepigallocatechin (1), a previously isolated compound, was demonstrated in vivo. ED50 for 1 in the writhing test was 14.14 mg/kg. The acetic acid-induced writhing was inhibited by 98.4, 84.4, and 58.3%, respectively, when mice were treated with the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and 1. In the hot plate test, mice pretreated with 1 showed significantly increased reaction times (60-89%). Oral administration of 1 significantly inhibited first and second phases of the formalin-induced pain (50 and 26.5%, respectively), whereas indomethacin inhibited only the second phase of the test (41.2%). Ethanol extract and its fraction showed effects on inflammatory pain, while neurogenic and inflammatory pain suppression by 1 is a strong indication of the presence of both central and peripheral effects and suggests its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential

Antioxidant, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Properties of the Ethanolic Extract of Combretum duarteanum in Rodents

This is a copy of an article published in the Journal of Medicinal Food© 2011 - copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Journal of Medicinal Food is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.comThe antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract from leaves of Combretum duarteanum (EEC) were assessed in rodents through in vitro tests. The antioxidant activity was investigated by using thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), hydroxyl radical–scavenging, and scavenging activity of nitric oxide assays. The antinociceptive activity was investigated by using acetic acid–induced writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in rats by using the carrageenan-induced hind-paw edema test and arachidonic acid–induced paw edema test. EEC possesses a strong antioxidant potential according to the TBARS, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical–scavenging assays; it also presented scavenger activity in all in vitro tests. After intraperitoneal injection, EEC (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes (38.1%, 90.6%, and 97.8%, respectively) in a writhing test and the number of paw licks during phase 1 (30.5% and 69.5%, higher doses) and phase 2 (38.1%, 90.6%, and 97.8%, all doses) of a formalin test when compared with the control group. Naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, intraperito- neally) antagonized the antinociceptive action of EEC (400 mg/kg), and this finding suggests participation of the opioid system. Administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) of EEC exhibited an anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenin test, which was based on interference with prostaglandin synthesis. This finding was confirmed by the arachidonic acid test. Together, these results indicate that properties of EEC might be further explored in the search for newer tools to treat painful inflammatory conditions, including those related to pro-oxidant states

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin, a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa