Potencialidades analíticas da Sociologia Marginal em escalas micro

O trabalho articula algumas das ideias e conceitos contidos nas teorias da dependência e sistema-mundo com aquelas, dentre a sociologia brasileira, que se identificam como sociologia marginal, esta representada sobretudo pelas propostas do sociólogo da USP, José de Souza Martins. O objetivo é construir um quadro teórico adequado e abrangente que sirva à análise de (micro) contextos caracterizados por situações limiares, marginais ou periféricas, quer sejam locais, regionais e/ou globais. Assim, o texto conta com uma revisão de certa bibliografia e, adjuntamente, do estabelecimento de uma relação original entre seus elementos, culminando em uma ilustrativa abordagem do rurbano a partir das ideias e conceitos apresentados

Análise de Sinais de Emissao Acústica e Estatística Counts na Detecção da Alteração Microestrutural na Retificação de Aço 1045

Grinding is a high-precision, high-value-added finishing process as it is usually the last stage of the manufacturing chain. However, unsatisfactory results may occur, mainly due to changes in the microstructure of the ground workpiece. Such changes are caused by the high temperatures involved in the process due to the grinding conditions in which the part was subjected. In this way, the main objective of this work is the monitoring of the grinding process in order to detect changes in the signal and to relate them with damage occurred in the ground workpiece. The tests were carried out on a surface grinding machine, aluminum oxide grinding wheel and ABNT 1045 steel parts. Metallography was performed on the parts for a more further analysis of their microstructure. The recording of signals was obtained at a sample rate of 2 MHz through an acoustic emission sensor (AE). A frequency study for the selection of the best frequency bands that characterize damage occurred in the ground workpiece. The event counts statistic was applied to the filtered signal in the chosen frequency bands. The results of this work show that the grinding conditions influence the signal and, therefore, its frequency spectrum.Keywords: Manufacturing process; automation, monitoring; grinding process; acoustic emission, damage detectio

REVISITANDO A PROSPECT THEORY: SERIAM OS CONTADORES MAIS RACIONAIS?

The Prospect Theory, psychological theory of decision making developed by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, shows that humans are more risk averse in a situation of gains than losses, which those researchers called Framing Effect, dwelling, therefore, the heuristics (beliefs) of the individual catalyst phenomenon. Carvalho Junior (2009) states that the human being is not fully rational decision to make, especially in business environment. Since Miranda et al. (2010) concluded that possess knowledge in accounting help agents make better investment decisions in the presence of sunk costs. From this, we constructed the problem of this research: the formal learning accounting minimizes cognitive biases caused by framing effect on decisions that involve financial risk? We analyzed the responses of 222 subjects, asked to answer three questions, which suggested a financial risk (loss scenario) and a risk-free (gain setting), and a self-assessment of the respondent. The academic backgrounds, and Accounting, focused primarily on business and economics, with education ranging from undergraduate to current holders of the title of Doctor. The collected data were treated statistically using the SPSS software v. 16. Alternative to the main hypothesis of this study were also analyzed three other hypotheses, which evaluated the framing effect might be affected, respectively, by gender, by education or age of the individuals surveyed. Based on these results, it was not possible in any case reject the null hypothesis for each variable "dummy" which leads to the conclusion, considering the sample, none of those variables that significantly influence the behavior of those statistical respondents surveyed. A Prospect Theory, teoria psicológica de tomada de decisões desenvolvida por Amos Tversky e Daniel Kahneman, apresenta que o ser humano é mais avesso ao risco em situação de ganhos do que de perdas, o que aqueles pesquisadores denominaram de efeito framing, residindo, portanto, nas heurísticas (crenças) individuais o catalisador do fenômeno. Carvalho Junior (2009) afirma que o ser humano não é totalmente racional ao tomar decisão, notadamente em ambiente empresarial. Já Miranda et al. (2010) concluem que possuir conhecimentos em ciências contábeis ajudaria os agentes a tomarem melhores decisões de investimento, na presença de sunk costs. A partir disso, construiu-se o problema desta pesquisa: o aprendizado formal de contabilidade minimiza os vieses cognitivos provocados pelo efeito framing em decisões que envolvam risco financeiro? Foram analisadas as respostas de 222 indivíduos, solicitados a responder três questões, uma que sugeria risco financeiro (cenário de perda) e uma livre de risco (cenário de ganho), e uma de autoavaliação do respondente. As formações acadêmicas, além de Contabilidade, se concentravam principalmente em Administração e Economia, com escolaridade variando de graduação em curso até possuidores do título de Doutor. Os dados coletados receberam tratamento estatístico com a utilização do software SPSS v. 16. Subsidiariamente à principal hipótese deste estudo, foram analisadas ainda outras três hipóteses, que avaliavam se o efeito framing poderia ser afetado, respectivamente, pelo gênero, pelo nível de escolaridade ou pela idade dos indivíduos pesquisados. Com base nos resultados obtidos, não foi possível em nenhum dos casos rejeitar a hipótese nula de cada uma das variáveis dummy o que induz à conclusão, considerando-se a amostra analisada, que nenhuma daquelas variáveis influenciaria de maneira significativamente estatística o comportamento daqueles respondentes pesquisados

Physical and pulmonary capacities of individuals with severe coronavirus disease after hospital discharge: A preliminary cross-sectional study based on cluster analysis

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the physical and pulmonary capacities of hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease and its correlation with the time of hospitalization and complications involved. METHODS: A total of 54 patients, aged ≥18 years of both sexes, were evaluated 2-4 months after hospital discharge in São Paulo, Brazil. The physical characteristics analyzed were muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and pulmonary function. The K-means cluster algorithm was used to identify patients with similar physical and pulmonary capacities, related to the time of hospitalization. RESULTS: Two clusters were derived using the K-means algorithm. Patients allocated in cluster 1 had fewer days of hospitalization, intensive care, and intubation than those in cluster 2, which reflected a better physical performance, strength, balance, and pulmonary condition, even 2-4 months after discharge. Days of hospitalization were inversely related to muscle strength, physical performance, and lung function: hand grip D (r=−0.28, p=0.04), Short Physical Performance Battery score (r=−0.28, p=0.03), and forced vital capacity (r=−0.29, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Patients with a longer hospitalization time and complications progressed with greater loss of physical and pulmonary capacities

Initial Experience with Fractionation Mapping in the Identification of Vagal Ganglionated Plexus During Cardioneuroablation

This is a series case report of five symptomatic patients presented with diagnosis of sinus bradycardia, first and second degrees atrioventricular (AV) blocks, that were referred to pacemaker implantation. During the screening, a functional cause for the bradycardia and AV blocks were documented by treadmill stress test, 24-hour Holter monitoring and atropine test. After the confirmation of the diagnosis, patients were submitted to cardioneuroablation on an anatomical basis supported by a tridimensional electroanatomical fractionation mapping software. The technique and the acute and short-term results of the cardioneuroablation are described

Initial Experience with Fractionation Mapping in the Identification of Vagal Ganglionated Plexus During Cardioneuroablation

This is a series case report of five symptomatic patients presented with diagnosis of sinus bradycardia, first and second degrees atrioventricular (AV) blocks, that were referred to pacemaker implantation. During the screening, a functional cause for the bradycardia and AV blocks were documented by treadmill stress test, 24-hour Holter monitoring and atropine test. After the confirmation of the diagnosis, patients were submitted to cardioneuroablation on an anatomical basis supported by a tridimensional electroanatomical fractionation mapping software. The technique and the acute and short-term results of the cardioneuroablation are described

Lifelong exposure to a low-dose of the glyphosate-based herbicide RoundUp® causes intestinal damage, gut dysbiosis, and behavioral changes in mice

RoundUp® (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world’s leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Further, these formulations were shown to disrupt the microbiome of different species. Here, we investigated the effects of a lifelong exposure to low doses of the GBH-RUp on the gut environment, including morphological and microbiome changes. We also aimed to determine whether exposure to GBH-RUp could harm the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes in adult mice. To this end, animals were exposed to GBH-RUp in drinking water from pregnancy to adulthood. GBH-RUp-exposed mice had no changes in cognitive function, but developed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behavior. GBH-Rup-exposed mice also showed an activation of phagocytic cells (Iba-1–positive) in the cortical brain tissue. GBH-RUp exposure caused increased mucus production and the infiltration of plama cells (CD138-positive), with a reduction in phagocytic cells. Long-term exposure to GBH-RUp also induced changes in intestinal integrity, as demonstrated by the altered expression of tight junction effector proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a change in the distribution of syndecan-1 proteoglycan. The herbicide also led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, which is also crucial for the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Altogether, our findings suggest that long-term GBH-RUp exposure leads to morphological and functional changes in the gut, which correlate with behavioral changes that are similar to those observed in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders

Whole-genome sequencing of 1,171 elderly admixed individuals from Brazil

As whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes the gold standard tool for studying population genomics and medical applications, data on diverse non-European and admixed individuals are still scarce. Here, we present a high-coverage WGS dataset of 1,171 highly admixed elderly Brazilians from a census-based cohort, providing over 76 million variants, of which ~2 million are absent from large public databases. WGS enables identification of ~2,000 previously undescribed mobile element insertions without previous description, nearly 5 Mb of genomic segments absent from the human genome reference, and over 140 alleles from HLA genes absent from public resources. We reclassify and curate pathogenicity assertions for nearly four hundred variants in genes associated with dominantly-inherited Mendelian disorders and calculate the incidence for selected recessive disorders, demonstrating the clinical usefulness of the present study. Finally, we observe that whole-genome and HLA imputation could be significantly improved compared to available datasets since rare variation represents the largest proportion of input from WGS. These results demonstrate that even smaller sample sizes of underrepresented populations bring relevant data for genomic studies, especially when exploring analyses allowed only by WGS