Cytotoxicity of Reparative Endodontic Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Objective: To compare the cytotoxicity of commercial reparative endodontic cements on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Material and Methods: The culture of hPDLSCs was established. Cell density was set at 2 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates. Extracts of Biodentine, Bio-C Repair, Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP and White MTA were prepared. Then, the extracts were diluted (pure, 1:4 and 1:16) and inserted into cell-seeded wells for 24, 48, and 72 h to assess cell viability through MTT assay. hPDLSCs incubated with culture medium alone served as a negative control group. Data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: At 24 h, pure extract of MTA Repair HP and Biodentine 1:16 presented higher cell viability compared to control. Lower cell viability was found for pure extract of Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP 1:4 and 1:16, and White MTA 1:16. At 48 h, pure extract of Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP presented higher cell viability compared to control. At 72 h, only the pure extract of MTA Repair HP led to higher cell proliferation compared to control. Conclusion: Biodentine, Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP were able to induce hPDLSCs proliferation. Cimmo HD and White MTA were found to be mostly cytotoxic in hPDLSCs

Prostaglandina E2 induz ovulação em camundongos pré-púberes

The objective of this study was to determine the ability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to induce ovulation and expression of PGE2 receptor (EP2 and EP4) and COX genes (COX-1 and COX-2) in the ovary and pituitary of prepubertal mice. The positive control consisted of the application of 5 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, n = 29); the negative control applied 0.5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n=31); the treatment tested the application of 250 μg of PGE2 (n = 29), making a total of 89 prepubertal mice (BALB/c). Mice were euthanized 14 to 15 h after treatments to detect ovulation and tissue collection. A Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of animals ovulating. Gene expressions and number of ovulation were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test was used to compare means among groups. A greater proportion of mice (P < 0.001) ovulated after receiving GnRH (89.7%, 26/29) compared to PGE2 group (58.6%, 17/29). However, the proportion was higher compared to those treated with PBS (0%, 0/31). Ep2 gene expression in the pituitary was > two-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the PGE2 group compared to the PBS and GnRH groups. Further, PGE2 stimulated Cox1 (2.7 fold, P < 0.05) while GnRH stimulated Cox2 expression (6.5 fold, P < 0.05) in the pituitary when compared to the PBS group. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that PGE2 can induce ovulation in prepubertal mice with a concomitant increase in Ep2 and Cox1 gene expression in the pituitary gland.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade da prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) em induzir a ovulação e expressão do receptor PGE2 (EP2 e EP4) e genes COX (COX-1 e COX-2) no ovário e na hipófise de camundongos pré-púberes. O controle positivo consistiu na aplicação de 5 μg de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH, n = 29); o controle negativo aplicação 0,5 mL de tampão fosfato-salino (PBS, n=31); o tratamento testado aplicação de 250 μg de PGE2 (n = 29), perfazendo um total de 89 camundongos (BALB/c) pré-púberes. Os camundongos foram sacrificados 14 a 15 h após os tratamentos para detectar ovulações e coleta de tecido. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para comparar a proporção de animais ovulando. As expressões gênicas e o número de ovulação foram analisados por ANOVA e o teste de tukey foi usado para comparar as médias entre os grupos. Uma maior proporção de camundongos (P <0,001) ovulou após receber GnRH (89,7%, 26/29) em comparação com o grupo PGE2 (58,6%, 17/29). No entanto, a proporção foi maior em comparação com aqueles tratados com PBS (0%, 0/31). A expressão do gene Ep2 na hipófise foi duas vezes maior (P <0,05) no grupo PGE2 em comparação com os grupos PBS e GnRH. Além disso, a PGE2 estimulou a Cox1 (2,7 vezes, P <0,05) enquanto o GnRH estimulou a expressão de Cox2 (6,5 vezes, P <0,05) na pituitária em comparação com o grupo PBS. Em conclusão, nossos resultados suportam a hipótese de que PGE2 é capaz de induzir ovulação em camundongos pré-púberes com aumento concomitante na expressão dos genes Ep2 e Cox1 na glândula pituitária

ESTRATÉGIAS LÚDICAS NO CUIDADO COM A CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA: PERSPECTIVAS SIMBÓLICAS DE DISCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM

Objetivo: compreender os significados e os fatores intervenientes relativos ao uso de estratégias lúdicas no cuidado com a criança hospitalizada na perspectiva de discentes de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 17 discentes de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, sendo submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo e interpretados à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: os temas “Atribuindo Significados ao Lúdico” e “Fatores Intervenientes para o Desenvolvimento do Lúdico” revelaram as significações simbólicas das estratégias lúdicas para o cuidado dispensado à criança hospitalizada e os fatores intervenientes, a saber: disponibilidade de recursos humanos e materiais, rotina e burocracia institucional, capacitação e empenhodos profissionais e envolvimento do familiar. Considerações finais: compreendeu-se que as perspectivas simbólicas dos discentes determinaram as estratégias lúdicas como um recurso extremamente importante nas relações de cuidado com a criança hospitalizada e sua utilização está condicionada aos fatores intervenientes expostos. Descritores: Jogos e Brinquedos. Criança Hospitalizada. Estudantes de Enfermagem. Educação Superior. Enfermagem Pediátric

A Model for Sensory Analysis of Foods and Beverages: Bounded Rationality, Atributes and Perceptions in Coffee and Meat

This research is based on the behavior and perception regarding one food and one beverage. According to the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFT), sensory analysis is a discipline used to measure, analyze, and interpret the reactions produced by the attributes of foods and ingredients. It is the result from the perception based on smell, taste, touch and hearing, which are related to color, shape, size, visual texture and odor of foods. Psychologists refer to sensory perception as a process with three phases: reception stimulation, perception and information processing (Chen, 2014). Our "machine" of sensory analysis is structure by our sensory systems: olfactory, gustatory, tactile, auditory and visual. These systems measure the attributes of foods based on their sensory properties (Anzaldua-Morales, 1994). According to the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Abnt), odor is a sensory olfactory organ stimulated when certain volatile substances are inhaled (Abnt, 1993). This evaluation begins with a short introduction to the bottom of the food studies by oral processing followed by a detailed discussion of some important principles that underpin the food and sensory perception (Chen, 2009 & Foster, et al., 2012). Food possesses characteristic that are recognized by previous experience of the consumer when they are eaten or prepared; mainly associated to food texture (Huy, 1992). There is a need for an effort to review some important developments and achievements in this field. Many previous studies have explored and selected aspects of the choice of foods from a wide variety of disciplines and perspectives (Booth, 1994). Pioneering work of Lewin (1951) proposed that several specific reference frameworks are involved in choice of foods: taste, health, social status and cost. Later investigations have examined these and other values, with a focus on cognitive and motivational factors involved in choosing food (Rappoport et al., 1993). Surveys of eating habits presented several models of prominent factors, influences and eating patterns to develop a comprehensive picture of the food choice process (Parraga, 1990). A constructionist approach allows a rich expression of how people get involved in the food choice process, through the incorporation of meanings and understandings that they create in their negotiations of choice, including elicitation of the reach and strength of the factors affecting the choice of food (Berger & Luckman, 1966). To develop this research the questionnaire was based on Furst, et. al. model proposed in 1996 (Furst, et al., 1996). A documentary research and some interviews with specialists help to identify the main sensory attributes of coffee and meat. According to Furst et al. (1996) a basic and universal factor that provides the foundation for food choices is the life course, which includes influences from past personal and historical experiences, the current participation in trends and transitions and anticipations of future events. Life course provides guidance for food choices through past, present and future roles and experiences. Thus, it is the underlying source that many factors shape the choice of food. By in-depth interview with 20 consumers of coffee and 20 consumers of meat some improvements in the previous Furst et. al. model were proposed. The methodology was an research conducted in the Marketing Lab. Using different levels of sensory attributes both consumers of coffee and meat were separated in two groups of 8 consumers and interviewed based on focus group and individually. Results identify some differences and similarities between coffee and meat consumer behavior. The findings suggest that sensory analysis helps to explain some aspects of bounded rationality in food consumption, evaluation and perception and could improve the previous Furst et. al. model

A CRISE, A COVID E O PREÇO DO ARROZ: PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E MOVIMENTOS DE RESISTÊNCIA

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma breve análise histórica do surgimento do conceito de alimento agroecológico, inicialmente focado na Segurança Alimentar Nutricional (SAN), mas que hoje em dia abarca outros significados, englobando as relações sociais, políticas e lúdicas. Utilizando o arroz como alimento exemplar deste artigo devido a sua presença constante na alimentação brasileira, conexões com a agroecologia e seu movimento social são abordadas e utilizadas para identificar a alimentação como um movimento político. Abordamos também as consequências da pandemia de Covid-19 nos dados referentes à indústria alimentícia atual. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo foi a revisão bibliográfica e documental aliada à análise de notícias, sites e levantamento de bancos de dados. Nossas considerações finais apontam para a necessidade de repensar o modelo agrícola brasileiro e o papel que os pequenos produtores desempenham nele e, sobretudo, para a urgência de formular políticas públicas de incentivo à produção, regulação de preços e distribuição dos alimentos no Brasil

Simvastatin-induced cardiac autonomic control improvement in fructose-fed female rats

OBJECTIVE: Because autonomic dysfunction has been found to lead to cardiometabolic disorders and because studies have reported that simvastatin treatment has neuroprotective effects, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin treatment on cardiovascular and autonomic changes in fructose-fed female rats. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: controls (n=8), fructose (n=8), and fructose+ simvastatin (n=8). Fructose overload was induced by supplementing the drinking water with fructose (100 mg/L, 18 wks). Simvastatin treatment (5 mg/kg/day for 2 wks) was performed by gavage. The arterial pressure was recorded using a data acquisition system. Autonomic control was evaluated by pharmacological blockade. RESULTS: Fructose overload induced an increase in the fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels and insulin resistance. The constant rate of glucose disappearance during the insulin intolerance test was reduced in the fructose group (3.4+ 0.32%/min) relative to that in the control group (4.4+ 0.29%/min). Fructose+simvastatin rats exhibited increased insulin sensitivity (5.4+0.66%/min). The fructose and fructose+simvastatin groups demonstrated an increase in the mean arterial pressure compared with controls rats (fructose: 124+2 mmHg and fructose+simvastatin: 126 + 3 mmHg vs. controls: 112 + 2 mmHg). The sympathetic effect was enhanced in the fructose group (73 + 7 bpm) compared with that in the control (48 + 7 bpm) and fructose+simvastatin groups (31+8 bpm). The vagal effect was increased in fructose+simvastatin animals (84 + 7 bpm) compared with that in control (49 + 9 bpm) and fructose animals (46+5 bpm). CONCLUSION: Simvastatin treatment improved insulin sensitivity and cardiac autonomic control in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in female rats. These effects were independent of the improvements in the classical plasma lipid profile and of reductions in arterial pressure. These results support the hypothesis that statins reduce the cardiometabolic risk in females with metabolic syndrome

Root canal dressings for revascularization influence in vitro mineralization of apical papilla cells

Endodontic revascularization is based on cell recruitment into the necrotic root canal of immature teeth after chemical disinfection. The clinical outcome depends on the ability of surviving cells from the apical tissue to differentiate and promote hard tissue deposition inside the dentinal walls. Objective: To investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) and modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP – ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor) on the viability and mineralization potential of apical papilla cells (APC) in vitro. Material and Methods: APC cultures were kept in contact with CH or mTAP (250-1000 µg/mL) for 5 days, after which cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Next, APCs were subjected to CH or mTAP at 250 µg/mL for 5 days before inducing the differentiation assay. After 14 and 21 days, calcium deposition was assessed by the Alizarin Red S staining method, followed by elution and quantification using spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Results: CH induced cell proliferation, whereas mTAP showed significant cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested. APC treated with CH demonstrated improved mineralization capacity at 14 days, while, for mTAP, significant reduction on the mineralization rate was observed for both experimental periods (14 and 21 days). Conclusion: Our findings showed that CH induces cell proliferation and improves early mineralization, whereas mTAP wa

PARTICIPAÇÃO EM ATIVIDADES DE EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE E MUDANÇAS NAS PRÁTICAS ASSISTENCIAIS DE ENFERMAGEM

Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à motivação e às mudanças nas práticas assistenciais entre profissionais de enfermagem participantes de atividades de educação permanente. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, com 283 profissionais de enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados no programa STATA versão 13. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: 90,46% dos participantes sentem-se motivados a participar das atividades de educação permanente; para 90,81% dos participantes, houve mudança na prática assistencial. A motivação em participar das atividades foi associada positivamente ao sexo feminino, proferir religião, trabalhar no campo da pesquisa por até oito anos e pertencer ao vínculo empregatício celetista. Já as repercussões na prática profissional foram associadas estatisticamente a ser técnico/auxiliar de enfermagem, ser formado há até dez anos e trabalhar no campo da pesquisa por até oito anos. Conclusão: a motivação para participar das atividades de educação permanente entre profissionais de enfermagem caracterizou-se como propulsora de mudanças nas práticas assistenciais da enfermagem.Descritores: Educação Permanente. Capacitação em Serviço. Equipe de Enfermagem

Análise das práticas sustentáveis em microempresas do setor industrial da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Nowadays companies are under pressure from the globalized market to have a sustainable, quality and value added attitude. The micro-enterprises along with the ones of small size are the most representative in the world, highlighting the importance of their role in the society according to the Brazilian Support Service for Micro and Small Enterprises - SEBRAE (2017). Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainable practices used by microenterprises from the industrial region of the central state of Rio Grande do Sul. To do so, the nature of research is classified as qualitative and quantitative, exploratory, and the methodology used was the multiple case study. The research was applied in five micro-companies of the industrial sector that make up the Metal Centro cluster, through semi-structured interviews with the managers. The obtained data were processed in the software Sphinx Léxica - v5, to aid in the interpretation, after analyzing the quantitative data, the content analysis of the results obtained with the theory approached was performed. .From the research it was evidenced that the micro companies have basic attitudes about sustainable practices, that is, they use those methodologies that are within their reach, because the practices that require a greater degree of dedication, commitment and investment, are not executed. Given this, the results achieved in this research indicate that the development of sustainable practices is not the priority in the business of companies, except in cases of legal norms or government requirements. Nos dias atuais as empresas são pressionadas pelo mercado globalizado a possuírem uma postura sustentável, de qualidade e com valor agregado. As microempresas, juntamente com as de pequeno porte, são as de maior representatividade no mundo, o que destaca a importância do seu papel na sociedade de acordo com o Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas - SEBRAE (2017). Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as práticas sustentáveis utilizadas pelas microempresas industriais da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, a natureza da pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa e quantitativa, de caráter exploratório, e a metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso múltiplos. A pesquisa foi aplicada em cinco microempresas do setor industrial que compõem ao cluster Metal Centro, por meio de entrevistas semi estruturadas realizadas com os gestores. Os dados obtidos foram tratados no software Sphinx Léxica - v5, para o auxílio na interpretação, após analisados os dados quantitativos, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo dos resultados obtidos com a teoria abordada. A partir da pesquisa ficou evidenciado que as microempresas têm atitudes básicas sobre as práticas sustentáveis, ou seja, utilizam daquelas metodologias que estão ao seu alcance, pois as práticas que requerem um grau maior de dedicação, comprometimento e investimento, não são executadas. Diante disto, os resultados alcançados nesta pesquisa indicam que o desenvolvimento de práticas sustentáveis não é a prioridade no negócio das empresas, exceto em casos de normas legais ou exigências governamentais

Perfil sociodemográfico e aspectos gestacionais de mulheres com hiv/aids de Curitiba, Brasil

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e gestacional de mulheres HIV positivo de Curitiba-PR, anos 2018-2020.Método: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de notificação das gestantes. Os dados foram analisados para exploração de consistência, descrição e análise.Resultados: Amostra perfilou-se majoritariamente por mulheres brancas na faixa etária de 13-30 anos. Pré-natal foi realizado por 93,8% das gestantes, sendo que 66,1% sabiam sua condição sorológica antes do pré-natal e 45% receberam a notificação no 1º trimestre. O acesso à medicação antirretroviral ocorreu para 82,4% das gestantes e para 74,6% o desfecho da gestação foi bebê nascido vivo. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas ao pré-natal foram evolução da gravidez, profilaxia com antirretroviral, tipo de parto e antirretroviral no parto (p<0,001).Conclusão: As gestantes da amostra apresentaram indicadores gestacionais desejados. Os dados coletados permitiram descrever o perfil da amostra e avaliar o desempenho da política de saúde para gestantes.Palavras-chave: HIV. Gestantes. Transmissão vertical de doenças infecciosas. Cuidado prénatal. Antirretrovirais. Política de saúde