Metodologias ativas e modelos híbridos de educação

Como as metodologias ativas e o modelo híbrido podem auxiliar na Educação? Ambos consistem em novas formas de ensino focada no aluno e que utilizam as diversas tecnologias para melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim, é objetivo do estudo analisar as metodologias ativas e os modelos híbridos de educação como estratégias na melhoria da aprendizagem. Para se conseguir o objetivo proposto, esta pesquisa teve como percurso metodológico a revisão integrativa. Foi realizada uma busca inicial em março de 2020 sobre as publicações existentes para identificar o universo das publicações da temática em estudo. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos na língua portuguesa e inglesa, nos anos entre 2009 e 2019 e excluindo os que não respondessem à problemática do estudo, indicada na abertura do Resumo. Como resultado, foram encontrados 8 artigos científicos para a discussão. Através dos resultados apresentados conclui-se que as metodologias ativas promovem maior interesse e maior dedicação no aprendizado dos alunos

Crianças e jovens e a preparação do “craque”

Os dirigentes do futebol brasileiro nunca se preocuparam com a formação dos treinadores das categorias de base. Para treinar crianças e adolescentes, a opção preferida era aproveitar ex-jogadores que precisavam continuar trabalhando para sobreviver. Entretanto, a grande experiência adquirida como profissional de futebol foi, e continua sendo, insuficiente para compreender o processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento nessa fase da vida. A frágil arquitetura que sustenta empresários ambiciosos, comissão técnica leiga e mal remunerada e garotos sonhadores, mas sem embasamento físico, técnico e emocional, nasce fadada ao insucesso. Estamos vinte anos atrasados em relação ao modelo europeu, em que a formação especializada de treinadores com competência para identificar e formar talentos é uma preocupação permanente das federações de futebol.The managers of Brazilian football have never bothered to train coaches for the grassroots leagues. To train children and teenagers, they have preferred to use former players needing to keep working to survive. However, possessing a vast experience as a professional football player has never been enough for one to understand the process of growth and development at this stage of life. The fragile architecture that supports ambitious agents, non-professional and underpaidstaff and dreaming boys, and which has no physical, technical or emotional support, is born doomed to failure. We are twenty years behind the European model, in which the specialized training of coaches capable of identifying and training new talents is a permanent concern of football federations

Síndrome pré-menstrual: possibilidades de cuidados para atenuação dos sintomas

Introdução: A Síndrome Pré-menstrual (SPM), com início de uma a duas semanas antes da menstruação, engloba um padrão recorrente de sintomas físicos, afetivos e comportamentais, podendo ser agravados por fatores externos, como hábitos de vida e condição socioeconômica, afetando negativamente as atividades diárias. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a síndrome pré-menstrual e a possibilidade de reabilitação. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através da leitura de portais oficiais de órgãos públicos e da busca eletrônica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no PubMed e na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Nessa revisão integrativa foram selecionados 41 estudos primários publicados nos últimos 5 anos, disponíveis gratuitamente e nos idiomas inglês e português. Discussão: Com relação às técnicas não farmacológicas, observou-se que os métodos de exercício físico, dieta, medicina tradicional iraniana, suplementação de vitamina D e terapia cognitivo-comportamental obtiveram boa eficácia na atenuação dos sintomas da SPM, como dismenorreia e alterações de humor; o tratamento com auriculoterapia mostrou resultados semelhantes ao uso de placebo; outros como acupuntura e acupressão não trouxeram resultados conclusivos.  Entre os métodos farmacológicos, o tratamento padrão preconizado é por meio de anticoncepcionais orais combinados. Além disso, o uso de inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina (ISRSs) pode aumentar a quantidade de serotonina para neurotransmissão e consequentemente melhorar os sintomas da SPM. Os moduladores seletivos do receptor de estrogênio oferecem uma estratégia segura para manejo de sintomas, inclusive os de menopausa. O uso de moduladores do receptor de progesterona, por outro lado, mostrou maior controle de comportamentos agressivos. Por fim, um estudo multicêntrico realizado na Suécia mostrou resultado promissor do neuroesteroide endógeno em comparação ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais combinados. Conclusão: Há fortes indícios de melhora dos sintomas da SPM diante das diversas possibilidades para sua reabilitação, sejam elas farmacológicas ou não-farmacológicas.Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), with beggining in one or two weeks before menstruation, includes a recurring pattern of physical, affective and behavioral symptoms that can be exarcebated by external factors as life habits and socialeconomic conditions, affecting negatively the daily activities.  Objective: Analyze the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and the possibility of rehabilitation. Method: Integrative literature review performed through reading of official portals of public agencies and the eletronic search in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: In this integrative review, it was selected 41 primary studies published within the last 5 years, available for free and in english and portuguese languages. Discussion: In regard of the non-pharmacological techniques, it was observed that physical exercise, diet, traditional iranian medicine, vitamine D supplementation and cognitive behavioral therapy had good efficiency in the attenuation of the PMS symptoms, as dysmenorrhea and mood changes; the treatment with auriculotherapy has shown similar results as the use of placebo; others as acupuncture and acupressure didn’t bring conclusive results. Between the pharmacological methods, the standard treatment is with combined oral contraceptives. Furthermore, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can increase the amount of serotonin for neurotransmission and consequently improve PMS symptoms. The selective estrogen receptor modulator offers a safe strategy to handle the symptoms, including menopauses. The use of selective progesterone receptor modulator, on the other hand, has shown better control of aggressive behaviors. At last, a multicentric study made in Sweden has shown promising results of endogenous neurosteroid when compared to the use of combined oral contraceptives. Conclusion: There are strong evidence of improvement of PMS symptoms in front of the many rehabilitation possibilities, whether they are pharmacological or non-pharmacological

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.

Fitossociologia de uma Floresta Estacional Decídual em Unaí, MG.

Were performed an arboreal inventory of Deciduous Forests fragments in Unaí-MG through out sampling of 36 plots of 500 m². The plots made contact with others phygsionomioes and some of then were allocated in areas with human use. All trees with circumference at 1,30 of  soil height ≥ 15 cm  were sampled and subsequently the data converted to diameter. The density, frequency, dominance and value of the importance of the species, besides the estimated richness, collector-curve, diametric classes and dendrograms were calculated. Of the 116 species listed, Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Anadenanthera peregrine (L.) Speg., Ficus sp. L. e Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose had the highest values of importance. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was 3.53 with 1095.55 ind./ha and 24.88m² / ha of basal area. The results indicate a high floristic-structural heterogeneity due to a relationship with other phytophysiognomies and anthropic pressure. These are the main reasons for an estimated high speed (152 species)

Antibacterial effect, efflux pump inhibitory (NorA, TetK and MepA) of Staphylococcus aureus and in silico prediction of α, β and δ-damascone compounds

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect and inhibitory capacity against NorA, TetK and MepA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus multiresistant by in vitro and in silico approach of α, β and δ-damascone compounds. Results: The compounds α, β and δ-damascone showed a clinically relevant effect against S. aureus ATCC 6538 standard strain. A modulating effect was also observed in association with antibiotics against MDR strains. Regarding the inhibition of the efflux pump, the compounds showed a modulating effect with antibiotics, against SA-1199, SA-1199B, SA IS-58 and K2068. Only δ-damascone demonstrated an efflux pump inhibitory effect. Regarding ADME properties, α, β and δ-damascone showed similar physicochemical properties with good pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as lipophilicity, oral bioavailability and low toxicity. In addition, they exhibited the binding energy and Ligand Efficiency (LE) −81.17 (5.4), −77.48(-5.4) and −64.55 (-5.1), which shows good interactions with the critical residues of the MepA receptor. Conclusions: From the results it is concluded that the compounds α, β and δ-damascone do not have antibacterial activity, but show a modulating effect in association with antibiotics, as well as not showing direct activity on the efflux pump, but they do have a modulating effect with antibiotics and with EtBr (α and β-damascone)

Mechanisms of Actions Involved in The Antinociceptive Effect of Estragole and its β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Animal Models

(1) Background: estragole is a monoterpene found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, which can be used for several pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of estragole (Es) and its β-cyclodextrins inclusion complex (Es/β-CD). (2) Methods: the effects of Es and Es/β-CD on the central nervous system (CNS) were evaluated through open field and rota-rod assays, and the antinociceptive effect in formalin models, abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate, tail flick test and plantar mechanical hyperalgesia. (3) Results: Es and Es/β-CD showed no alterations on the CNS evaluated parameters and the results suggested there was an antinociceptive action in the formalin, abdominal writhing, hot plate, tail flick tests and plantar mechanical hyperalgesia, proposing the involvement of the nitric oxide, glutamatergic signaling pathways, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and vanilloid pathways. (4) Conclusion: the results suggest that Es and Es/β-CD have a promising antinociceptive potential as a possible alternative for the pharmacological treatment of pain, also showing that the encapsulation of Es in β-cyclodextrins probably improves its pharmacological properties, since the complexation process involves much lower amounts of the compound, contributing to better bioavailability and a lower probability of adverse effect development