Protective effects of antiâ C5a peptide antibodies in experimental sepsis

We evaluated antibodies to different peptide regions of rat C5a in the sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for their protective effects in rats. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were developed to the following peptide regions of rat C5a: aminoâ terminal region (A), residues 1â 16; middle region (M), residues 17â 36; and the carboxylâ terminal region (C), residues 58â 77. With rat neutrophils, the chemotactic activity of rat C5a was significantly inhibited by antibodies with the following rank order: antiâ C > antiâ M â « antiâ A. In vivo, antibodies to the M and C (but not A) regions of C5a were protective in experimental sepsis, as determined by survival over a 10â day period, in a doseâ dependent manner. The relative protective efficacies of antiâ C5a preparations (in descending order of efficacy) were antiâ C â ¥ antiâ M â « antiâ A. In CLP rats, a delay in infusion of antibodies, which were injected at 6 or 12 h after CLP, still resulted in significant improvement in survival rates. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that there are optimal targets on C5a for blockade during sepsis and that delayed infusion of antiâ C5a antibody until after onset of clinical evidence of sepsis still provides protective effects.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154417/1/fsb2fj000653fje-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154417/2/fsb2fj000653fje.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154417/3/fsb2fj000653fje-sup-0002.pd

Imbalanced sex ratios and housing prices in the U.S.

This paper investigates whether imbalanced local sex ratios are associated with housing prices in the U.S. at the county level during the period 2000–2017, based on the hypothesis that the importance for men of advertising financial resources by spending more on housing increases in the marriage market where there is a scarcity of women. The results indicate that an increase of 0.1 in sex ratio is associated with approximately a 2% increase in housing prices, suggesting that men may allocate more resources toward mating effort by increasing their spending on housing when there is an abundance of men. There is little evidence that the positive association was greater during the housing bubble