ПОРОГ КОНТРОЛЬНОГО СРАБАТЫВАНИЯ В ПКУ-М

The article deals with methods of determination of limit values of actuation of control block unit in microelectronic switching and controlling devices of color light signals. The author describes techniques to determine value of voltage or current that actuates comparator in threshold device of the circuit of digital processing of the signals in the units of control of light signals system’s bulbs. Method of statistical decision-making on the basis of average risk criterion is used to obtain calculated formulas. The set of proposed methods can be used at manufacturing plants to adjust manufactured devices.Статья посвящена методике нахождения порогового значения срабатывания контрольного блока в микроэлектронных системах управления светофорной сигнализацией. Приводится способ, позволяющий определить величину напряжения или тока срабатывания компаратора при цифровой обработке сигналов в устройствах контроля ламп светофора. Для получения расчетных данных используется методика принятия статистических решений на основе критерия среднего риска. Она может быть использована на заводах-изготовителях аппаратуры при ее регулировке

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦІННІСНИХ ОРІЄНТАЦІЙ СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ВИЩИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ОБРАЗОТВОРЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

In article it it opened a problem of formation al students of the pedagogical higher school of vahrahle orientations by way of studying of the fine arts

Use of ultrasonic screening in aquaculture for the directed formation sturgeon and salmon fish mature stocks

The results of research work for the period from 2018 to 2023 on the use of early non-invasive functional ultrasound screening for the purpose of targeted formation of highly productive mature-brood stocks of Siberian sturgeon of the Ob, Yenisei, Baikal, Lena populations, European sterlet of the Kama population, Siberian sterlet of the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh populations on main full-cycle industrial fish-breeding farms of Eastern and Western Siberia using water recirculation systems are presented in the article. Biotechnological methods for the formation of highly productive mature stocks using ultrasound monitoring are described. The number of individuals with pathologies and anomalies in the development of the reproductive system, liver, gallbladder and other internal organs were estimated; treatment methods were proposed. For the first time studies on the use of ultrasound for visualizing the gonads, determining the stages of maturity, detecting diseases of the heart, liver, gallbladder in salmon fish (trout, Atlantic salmon) grown in aquaculture have been carried out. For the first time ultrasound and histological studies were carried out to study the nature of “ink spots” on the skin of Siberian sturgeon Lena population from natural habitat. It was found that in the skin of sturgeon during pathology there was a growth of epidermal cells. Melanin melanocytes increased in both epidermis and dermis. At the same time there were no elastic fibers of the epidermis after painted according to Van-Gison. All these changes may indicate melanoma

Анализ электромагнитной совместимости рельсовых цепей и тягового электроснабжения

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The issues of electromagnetic compatibility of traction power supply devices with track circuits are considered in case ice phenomena on the contact wire. The calculated ratios for determining the value of the bias currents of the choke-transformers in the electric arc, which arises from the formation of ice on the contact wire, as well as the reasons for false occupation of track circuits at the station are analyzed. Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, track circuit, electric arc, asymmetry coefficient, traction current, contact wire, resistivity of rails.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Рассмотрены вопросы электромагнитной совместимости устройств тягового электроснабжения с рельсовыми цепями при гололёдных явлениях на контактном проводе. Приводятся расчетные соотношения для определения значения токов подмагничивания дроссель- трансформаторов при электрической дуге, возникающей вследствие образования наледи на контактном проводе, а также анализируются причины ложной занятости рельсовых цепей на станции

High-angle wave instability and emergent shoreline shapes : 2. Wave climate analysis and comparisons to nature

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006): F04012, doi:10.1029/2005JF000423.Recent research has revealed that the plan view evolution of a coast due to gradients in alongshore sediment transport is highly dependant upon the angles at which waves approach the shore, giving rise to an instability in shoreline shape that can generate different types of naturally occurring coastal landforms, including capes, flying spits, and alongshore sand waves. This instability merely requires that alongshore sediment flux is maximized for a given deepwater wave angle, a maximum that occurs between 35° and 50° for several common alongshore sediment transport formulae. Here we introduce metrics that sum over records of wave data to quantify the long-term stability of wave climates and to investigate how wave climates change along a coast. For Long Point, a flying spit on the north shore of Lake Erie, Canada, wave climate metrics suggest that unstable waves have shaped the spit and, furthermore, that smaller-scale alongshore sand waves occur along the spit at the same locations where the wave climate becomes unstable. A shoreline aligned along the trend of the Carolina Capes, United States, would be dominated by high-angle waves; numerical simulations driven by a comparable wave climate develop a similarly shaped cuspate coast. Local wave climates along these simulated capes and the Carolina Capes show similar trends: Shoreline reorientation and shadowing from neighboring capes causes most of the coast to experience locally stable wave climates despite regional instability.This research was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and NSF grants DEB-05-07987 and EAR-04-44792

Late Little Ice Age palaeoenvironmental records from the Anzali and Amirkola Lagoons (south Caspian Sea): Vegetation and sea level changes

This is a postprint version of the article. The official published article can be found from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Two internationally important Ramsar lagoons on the south coast of the Caspian Sea (CS) have been studied by palynology on short sediment cores for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic investigations. The sites lie within a small area of very high precipitation in a region that is otherwise dry. Vegetation surveys and geomorphological investigations have been used to provide a background to a multidisciplinary interpretation of the two sequences covering the last four centuries. In the small lagoon of Amirkola, the dense alder forested wetland has been briefly disturbed by fire, followed by the expansion of rice paddies from AD1720 to 1800. On the contrary, the terrestrial vegetation reflecting the diversity of the Hyrcanian vegetation around the lagoon of Anzali remained fairly complacent over time. The dinocyst and non-pollen palynomorph assemblages, revealing changes that have occurred in water salinity and water levels, indicate a high stand during the late Little Ice Age (LIA), from AD < 1620 to 1800–1830. In Amirkola, the lagoon spit remained intact over time, whereas in Anzali it broke into barrier islands during the late LIA, which merged into a spit during the subsequent sea level drop. A high population density and infrastructure prevented renewed breaking up of the spit when sea level reached its maximum (AD1995). Similar to other sites in the region around the southern CS, these two lagoonal investigations indicate that the LIA had a higher sea level as a result of more rainfall in the drainage basin of the CS.The coring and the sedimentological analyses were funded by the Iranian National Institute for Oceanography in the framework of a research project entitled “Investigation of the Holocene sediment along the Iranian coast of Caspian Sea: central Guilan”. The radiocarbon date of core HCGL02 was funded by V. Andrieu (Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, France) and that of core HCGA04 by Brunel University

High-angle wave instability and emergent shoreline shapes : 1. Modeling of sand waves, flying spits, and capes

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006): F04011, doi:10.1029/2005JF000422.Contrary to traditional findings, the deepwater angle of wave approach strongly affects plan view coastal evolution, giving rise to an antidiffusional “high wave angle” instability for sufficiently oblique deepwater waves (with angles between wave crests and the shoreline trend larger than the value that maximizes alongshore sediment transport, ∼45°). A one-contour-line numerical model shows that a predominance of high-angle waves can cause a shoreline to self-organize into regular, quasiperiodic shapes similar to those found along many natural coasts at scales ranging from kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. The numerical model has been updated from a previous version to include a formulation for the widening of an overly thin barrier by the process of barrier overwash, which is assumed to maintain a minimum barrier width. Systematic analysis shows that the wave climate determines the form of coastal response. For nearly symmetric wave climates (small net alongshore sediment transport), cuspate coasts develop that exhibit increasing relative cross-shore amplitude and pointier tips as the proportion of high-angle waves is increased. For asymmetrical wave climates, shoreline features migrate in the downdrift direction, either as subtle alongshore sand waves or as offshore-extending “flying spits,” depending on the proportion of high-angle waves. Numerical analyses further show that the rate that the alongshore scale of model features increases through merging follows a diffusional temporal scale over several orders of magnitude, a rate that is insensitive to the proportion of high-angle waves. The proportion of high-angle waves determines the offshore versus alongshore aspect ratio of self-organized shoreline undulations.This research was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and NSF grants DEB-05-07987 and EAR-04-44792

Determination of beach sand parameters using remotely sensed aircraft reflectance data

An algorithm was developed which determines the mineralogy, moisture, and grain size of beach sands based on the hemispherical reflectance in 17 discrete spectral bands. The bands chosen range between 0.40 and 2.5 [mu]m, a wavelength range practical for existing multispectral remote sensing technology. The sand spectra on which the mineralogy, moisture, and grain-size algorithm (MOGS) is based were obtained from laboratory spectrophotometric measurements. Selected spectral bands are used in a vector-length-decision framework to determine the mineralogical class of the input sand. Multiple linear regressions are then used, within a given mineralogical class, to determine the moisture and grain size of the sand. The predictive results of the MOGS algorithm are very encouraging. When tested on 70 of the sand reflectance spectra from which it was derived, the correlation of actual to predicted moisture and grain size was 96% and 88%, respectively. The MOGS algorithm has been successfully tested using aircraft multispectral scanner data collected over the Lake Michigan shoreline. The algorithm correctly identified gross mineralogy and predicted grain size to within 0.09 mm of measured values. Some difficulties were encountered in predicting high beach-sand moistures, probably due to the increasing non-Lambertian nature of sand as the moisture content of the sand increased.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24547/1/0000827.pd