Hubungan Antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (Imt) Dengan Kadar Lemak Total (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Undip)

Background : Total body fat's content is one of many indicators that affects weight gain and body mass index. Total body fat's content is important because it can lead to various diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Body mass index (BMI) can describe a person's nutritional status. Measurement of both BMI and total body fat's content should use the recommended tools such as the use of CT scans and MRI, but these tools are very expensive and impractical. This study used a tool called Tanita that used BIA method because it is more practical and cheaper in the measurement of BMI and total body fat's content.Objectives : Knowing whether there is a relationship between BMI and total body fat's content in Undip medical students.Methods : This study was an observational study with cross sectional analytic study. The data that was taken in this study included BMI, total body fat's, smoking, sex, physical activity, habits of consumption of fatty foods, and alcohol consumption. statistical test with chi-square correlation test (x2).Results : There were significant correlation between body mass index and the total body fat's content (p = 0.000). The other confounding variables were found no significant correlation (p> 0.05).Conclusions : The meaningful and positive correlation of body mass index and total body fat's content do exist

HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN KADAR LEMAK TOTAL (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Undip)

Latar BelakangKadar lemak total tubuh merupakan salah satu indikator kenaikan berat badan dan mempengaruhi indeks massa tubuh. Kadar lemak total penting karena dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit seperti diabetes melitus tipe 2, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia. Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dapat menggambarkan status gizi seseorang. Pengukuran baik IMT dan kadar lemak total sebaiknya menggunakan alat yang dianjurkan seperti penggunaan CT scan, dan MRI, tapi alat tersebut membutuhkan biaya yang mahal dan tidak praktis. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan alat tanita dengan metode BIA yang lebih praktis dan murah dalam pengukuran IMT dan kadar lemak total TujuanMengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara IMT dengan kadar lemak total pada mahasiswa kedokteran Undip. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan cross sectional study. Data yang diambil meliputi IMT, kadar lemak total, kebiasaan merokok, jenis kelamin, aktifitas fisik, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan berlemak, dan konsumsi alkohol. uji statistik dengan uji korelasi chi-square (x2) . Hasil Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar lemak total dengan (p = 0,000). Sementara untuk variabel perancu lainnya didapatkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna dengan (p > 0,05) KesimpulanIndeks massa tubuh dan kadar lemak total terdapat hubungan yang bermakna, dan terdapat korelasi positif pada IMT dengan kadar lemak total Kata kunci: Indeks massa tubuh, Kadar lemak total, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan berlemak, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik

SISTEM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN DAN SELEKSI MASUK ANGGOTA BARU DI ORGANISASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE TECHNIQUE ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION (TOPSIS) (STUDI KASUS : ORGANISASI GENERASI MUDA NIAS)

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan dan Seleksi Masuk Anggota Organisasi dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman bagi perusahaan dalam menangani proses penerimaan anggota baru. Dengan adanya Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan dan Seleksi Masuk Anggota Organisasi, perusahaan maupun organisasi dapat memilih sendiri anggota kerja maupun karyawan yang tepat pada organisasi maupun perusahaan. Selain itu, organisasi maupun perusahaan dapat mengolah data bakal calon atau pelamar dalam suata database sehingga bakal calon tidak menumpuk dalam tempat document sekretaris. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis membahas mengenai bagaimana merancang Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan dan Seleksi Masuk Anggota Organisasi dengan menggunakan metode TOPSIS, adapun metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah system Development Life cycle (SDLC) model waterfall yang meliputi tahapan perancangan sistem, analisa sistem, perancangan sistem dan implementasi sistem. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemograman Microsoft Visual Basic.net 2010 database servernya menggunakan MySQL. Hasil yang dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis program. Dengan adanya Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan dan Seleksi Masuk Anggota Organisasi diharapkan dapat membantu devisi HRD dalam perusahaan atau devisi Sekretaris dalam organisasi dalam proses penerimaan anggota baru (recruitment), serta memudahkan Ketua Umum Organisasi melihat laporan penerimaan anggota baru

Automated NanoSIMS Measurements of Spinel Stardust from the Murray Meteorite

We report new O isotopic data on 41 presolar oxide grains, 38 MgAl2O4 (spinel) and 3 Al2O3 from the CM2 meteorite Murray, identified with a recently developed automated measurement system for the NanoSIMS. We have also obtained Mg-Al isotopic results on 29 of the same grains (26 spinel and 3 Al2O3). The majority of the grains have O isotopic compositions typical of most presolar oxides, fall well into the four previously defined groups, and are most likely condensates from either red giant branch or asymptotic giant branch stars. We have also discovered several grains with more unusual O and Mg compositions suggesting formation in extreme astrophysical environments, such as novae and supernovae. One of these grains has massive enrichments in 17O, 25Mg, and 26Mg, which are isotopic signatures indicative of condensation from nova ejecta. Two grains of supernova origin were also discovered: one has a large 18O/16O ratio typical of Group 4 presolar oxides; another grain is substantially enriched in 16O, and also contains radiogenic 44Ca from the decay of 44Ti, a likely condensate from material originating in the O-rich inner zones of a Type II supernova. In addition, several Group 2 presolar spinel grains also have large 25Mg and 26Mg isotopic anomalies that are difficult to explain by standard nucleosynthesis in low-mass stars. Auger elemental spectral analyses were performed on the grains and qualitatively suggest that presolar spinel may not have higher-than- stoichiometric Al/Mg ratios, in contrast to SIMS results obtained here and reported previously.Comment: 58 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, published in Ap

Otx2 requires Lmx1b to control the development of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons

Studying the development of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons provides an important basis for better understanding dopamine-associated brain functions and disorders and is critical for establishing cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The transcription factors Otx2 and Lmx1b play a key role in the development of mdDA neurons. However, little is known about the genes downstream of Otx2 and Lmx1b in the pathways controlling the formation of mdDA neurons in vivo. Here we report on our investigation of Lmx1b as downstream target of Otx2 in the formation of mdDA neurons. Mouse mutants expressing Otx2 under the control of the En1 promoter (En1+/Otx2) showed increased Otx2 expression in the mid-hindbrain region, resulting in upregulation of Lmx1b and expansion of mdDA neurons there. In contrast, Lmx1b-/- mice showed decreased expression of Otx2 and impairments in several aspects of mdDA neuronal formation. To study the functional interaction between Otx2 and Lmx1b, we generated compound mutants in which Otx2 expression was restored in mice lacking Lmx1b (En1+/Otx2;Lmx1b-/-). In these animals Otx2 was not sufficient to rescue any of the aberrations in the formation of mdDA neurons caused by the loss of Lmx1b, but rescued the loss of ocular motor neurons. Gene expression studies in Lmx1b-/- embryos indicated that in these mutants Wnt1, En1 and Fgf8 expression are induced but subsequently lost in the mdDA precursor domain and the mid-hindbrain organizer in a specific, spatio-temporal manner. In summary, we demonstrate that Otx2 critically depends on Lmx1b for the formation of mdDA neurons, but not for the generation of ocular motor neurons. Moreover, our data suggest that Lmx1b precisely maintains the expression pattern of Wnt1, Fgf8 and En1, which are essential for mid-hindbrain organizer function and the formation of mdDA neurons

BMP/SMAD pathway promotes neurogenesis of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo and in human induced pluripotent and neural stem cells

The embryonic formation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in vivo provides critical guidelines for the in vitro differentiation of mDA neurons from stem cells, which are currently being developed for Parkinson’s disease cell replacement therapy. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD inhibition is routinely used during early steps of stem cell differentiation protocols, including for the generation of mDA neurons. However, the function of the BMP/SMAD pathway for in vivo specification of mammalian mDA neurons is virtually unknown. Here, we report that BMP5/7-deficient mice (Bmp5 -/- ; Bmp7 -/- ) lackmDAneurons due to reduced neurogenesis in the mDA progenitor domain. As molecular mechanisms accounting for these alterations in Bmp5 -/- ; Bmp7 -/- mutants, we have identified expression changes of the BMP/SMAD target genes MSX1/2 (msh homeobox 1/2) and SHH (sonic hedgehog). Conditionally inactivatingSMAD1in neural stem cells of mice in vivo (Smad1 Nes ) hampered the differentiation of progenitor cells intomDAneurons by preventing cell cycle exit, especially of TH + SOX6 + (tyrosine hydroxylase, SRY-box 6) and TH + GIRK2 + (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily-J member-6) substantia nigra neurons. BMP5/7 robustly increased the in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells and induced neural stem cells to mDA neurons by up to threefold. In conclusion, we have identified BMP/SMAD signaling as a novel critical pathway orchestrating essential steps of mammalian mDA neurogenesis in vivo that balances progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of BMPs to improve the generation of stem-cell-derived mDA neurons in vitro, highlighting the importance of sequential BMP/SMAD inhibition and activation in this process

A divergent heritage for complex organics in Isheyevo lithic clasts

Primitive meteorites are samples of asteroidal bodies that contain a high proportion of chemically complex organic matter (COM) including prebiotic molecules such as amino acids, which are thought to have been delivered to Earth via impacts during the early history of the Solar System. Thus, understanding the origin of COM, including their formation pathway(s) and environment(s), is critical to elucidate the origin of life on Earth as well as assessing the potential habitability of exoplanetary systems. The Isheyevo CH/CBb carbonaceous chondrite contains chondritic lithic clasts with variable enrichments in 15N believed to be of outer Solar System origin. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM-EELS) and in situ isotope analyses (SIMS and NanoSIMS), we report on the structure of the organic matter as well as the bulk H and N isotope composition of Isheyevo lithic clasts. These data are complemented by electron microprobe analyses of the clast mineral chemistry and bulk Mg and Cr isotopes obtained by inductively coupled plasma and thermal ionization mass spectrometry, respectively (MC-ICPMS and TIMS). Weakly hydrated (A) clasts largely consist of Mg-rich anhydrous silicates with local hydrated veins composed of phyllosilicates, magnetite and globular and diffuse organic matter. Extensively hydrated clasts (H) are thoroughly hydrated and contain Fe-sulfides, sometimes clustered with organic matter, as well as magnetite and carbonates embedded in a phyllosilicate matrix. The A-clasts are characterized by a more 15N-rich bulk nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N = 200–650‰) relative to H-clasts (δ15N = 50–180‰) and contain extremely 15N-rich domains with δ15N 15N-rich domains show that the lithic clast diffuse organic matter is typically more 15N-rich than globular organic matter. The correlated δ15N values and C/N ratios of nanoglobules require the existence of multiple organic components, in agreement with the H isotope data. The combined H and N isotope data suggest that the organic precursors of the lithic clasts are defined by an extremely 15N-poor (similar to solar) and D-rich component for H-clasts, and a moderately 15N-rich and D-rich component for A-clasts. In contrast, the composition of the putative fluids is inferred to include D-poor but moderately to extremely 15N-rich H- and N-bearing components. The variable 15N enrichments in H- and A-clasts are associated with structural differences in the N bonding environments of their diffuse organic matter, which are dominated by amine groups in H-clasts and nitrile functional groups in A-clasts. We suggest that the isotopically divergent organic precursors in Isheyevo clasts may be similar to organic moieties in carbonaceous chondrites (CI, CM, CR) and thermally recalcitrant organic compounds in ordinary chondrites, respectively. The altering fluids, which are inferred to cause the 15N enrichments observed in the clasts, may be the result of accretion of variable abundances of NH3 and HCN ices. Finally, using bulk Mg and Cr isotope composition of clasts, we speculate on the accretion regions of the various primitive chondrites and components and the origin of the Solar System’s N and H isotope variability

The Caesar New Frontiers Mission: 2. Sample Science

No abstract availabl

The CAESAR New Frontiers Mission: 1. Expected Nature of the Returned Comet Sample

Comets are time capsules from the birth of our Solar System that record pre-solar history, the initial stages of planet formation, and the sources of prebiotic organics and volatiles for the origin of life. These capsules can only be opened in laboratories on Earth. CAESAR (Comet Astrobiology Exploration Sample Return)s sample analysis objectives are to understand the nature of Solar System starting materials and how these components came together to form planets and give rise to life. Examination of these comet nucleus surface samples in laboratories around the world will also provide ground truth to remote observations of the innumerable icy bodies of the Solar System