Privacy and Security Framework. OpenIoT Deliverable D522

This deliverable describes the Security and Privacy Framework of the OpenIoT platform, including details about its design and implementation. The aim of this framework is to ensure that Internet-Connected Objects (ICOs) contributing to the OpenIoT platform, its internal modules and external applications will communicate through secured IoT data interfaces (according to the target security/confidentiality level specified by the user). Moreover we show the feasibility of this security module in the implemented prototype, which is an integral part of the OpenIoT platform. In particular we describe the implementation of the Central Authorisation Server (CAS), the Security Management console, the Security Client, and the integration of the security framework in the core modules of the platform

Utility Metrics Specifications. OpenIoT Deliverable D422

This deliverable specifies the utility metrics that are considered and used in the scope of the OpenIoT project. These utility metrics are recorded as part of the implementation of the Utility Manager component of the OpenIoT platform, while they have also been used to drive the utility based optimization mechanisms of the project. In particular we provided the following contributions: We provide an analysis and summary of utility metrics for different data providers and environments, including physical sensors, sensor networks, and virtual sensors. These metrics can be used to measure utility for interconnected objects. We proposed utility functions that use metrics in order to compute valuation and cost functions. These functions can be used by utility-based optimization techniques. The utility based schemes proposed provide means and algorithms that can help selecting virtual sensors for efficient data collection. We describe utility metrics, tailored specifically for the OpenIoT use cases, indicating the relevant parameters (e.g. location, bandwidth, availability, privacy), and cost and valuation functions (if applicable)

Development of lifetime comorbidity in the world health organization world mental health surveys

CONTEXT: Although numerous studies have examined the role of latent variables in the structure of comorbidity among mental disorders, none has examined their role in the development of comorbidity. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among 18 lifetime DSM-IV disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. DESIGN: Nationally or regionally representative community surveys. SETTING: Fourteen countries. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 21 229 survey respondents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: First onset of 18 lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders assessed retrospectively in the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Separate internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (behavior and substance disorders) factors were found in exploratory factor analysis of lifetime disorders. Consistently significant positive time-lagged associations were found in survival analyses for virtually all temporally primary lifetime disorders predicting subsequent onset of other disorders. Within-domain (ie, internalizing or externalizing) associations were generally stronger than between-domain associations. Most time-lagged associations were explained by a model that assumed the existence of mediating latent internalizing and externalizing variables. Specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (internalizing) and hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (externalizing) were the most important predictors. A small number of residual associations remained significant after controlling the latent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The good fit of the latent variable model suggests that common causal pathways account for most of the comorbidity among the disorders considered herein. These common pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity, although several important pairwise associations that cannot be accounted for by latent variables also exist that warrant further focused study

Short Sleep Is Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis in the Women’s Health Initiative

Short sleep duration, recognized as a public health epidemic, is associated with adverse health conditions, yet little is known about the association between sleep and bone health. We tested the associations of usual sleep behavior and bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. In a sample of 11,084 postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI; mean age 63.3â years, SD = 7.4), we performed a crossâ sectional study of the association of selfâ reported usual hours of sleep and sleep quality (WHI Insomnia Rating Score) with whole body, total hip, femoral neck, and spine BMD using linear regression models. We also studied the association of sleep duration and quality with dualâ energy Xâ ray absorptiometry (DXA)â defined low bone mass (Tâ scoreâ <â â 2.5 to <â 1) and osteoporosis (Tâ scoreâ â ¤â â 2.5) using multinomial regression models. We adjusted for age, DXA machine, race, menopausal symptoms, education, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol use, physical function, and sleep medication use. In adjusted linear regression models, women who reported sleeping 5â hours or less per night had on average 0.012 to 0.018â g/cm2 significantly lower BMD at all four sites compared with women who reported sleeping 7â hours per night (reference). In adjusted multinomial models, women reporting 5â hours or less per night had higher odds of low bone mass and osteoporosis of the hip (odds ratio [OR] =â 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03â 1.45, and 1.63; 1.15â 2.31, respectively). We observed a similar pattern for spine BMD, where women with 5â hours or less per night had higher odds of osteoporosis (adjusted OR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.02â 1.60). Associations of sleep quality and DXA BMD failed to reach statistical significance. Short sleep duration was associated with lower BMD and higher risk of osteoporosis. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the crossâ sectional effects of sleep duration on bone health and explore associated mechanisms. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154418/1/jbmr3879_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154418/2/jbmr3879.pd

Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

Background: Several anthropometric measures have been associated with hormone-related cancers. However, it is unknown whether estrogen metabolism plays an important role in these relationships. We examined whether measured current body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), height, and self-reported BMI at age 18 years were associated with serum estrogens/estrogen metabolites using baseline, cross-sectional data from 1835 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Methods: Fifteen estrogens/estrogen metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric means (GMs) of estrogens/estrogen metabolites (in picomoles per liter) were estimated using inverse probability weighted linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders and stratified on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use. Results: Among never or former MHT users, current BMI (≥30 vs. <25 kg/m2) was positively associated with parent estrogens (multivariable adjusted GM 432 vs. 239 pmol/L for estrone, 74 vs. 46 pmol/L for estradiol; p-trend < 0.001 for both) and all of the 2-, 4-, and 16-pathway estrogen metabolites evaluated (all p-trend ≤ 0.02). After additional adjustment for estradiol, unconjugated methylated 2-catechols were inversely associated (e.g., 2-methoxyestrone multivariable GM 9.3 vs. 12.0 pmol/L; p-trend < 0.001). Among current MHT users, current BMI was not associated with parent estrogens but was inversely associated with methylated catechols (e.g., 2-methoxyestrone multivariable GM 216 vs. 280 pmol/L; p-trend = 0.008). Similar patterns of association were found with WHR; however, the associations were not independent of BMI. Height and BMI at age 18 years were not associated with postmenopausal estrogens/estrogen metabolite levels. Conclusions: Our data suggest that postmenopausal BMI is associated with increased circulating levels of parent estrogens and reduced methylation of catechol estrogen metabolites, the estrogen metabolism patterns that have previously been associated with higher breast cancer risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0810-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

We previously reported on the cross-national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high-, upper-middle-, and low-/lower-middle-income countries (68.5% mean response rate). Current DSM-IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6%)- and upper-middle (3.0%)- than low-/lower-middle (1.4%)-income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM-IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under-recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures

Aperçus sur les stratégies des producteurs et des organisations paysannes dans le Delta du Fleuve Sénégal

Cette étude vise à mieux cerner les diverses stratégies des producteurs dans la zone du delta du fleuve Sénégal pour l'organisation de la filière riz. De fait, le delta s'est engagé depuis 3 ans dans un processus général de transformation, initié par le désengagement de la SAED et dont les symptômes les plus clairs sont une intense "crise de la terre" et l'émergence de nouveaux contre-pouvoirs paysans par le biais de diverses organisations professionnelles. Une première partie présente le cadre à l'intérieur duquel se situe les stratégies individuelles et collectives mises en oeuvres par les producteurs du delta. Le chapître 2 présente les stratégies des particuliers. La troisième partie est un aperçu sur les stratégies des groupements et plus particulièrement les organisations paysannes fédératives. Le chapître 4 procède à des recommandations opérationnelles concernant les conditions de commercialisation, le foncier, le crédit, la recherche, l'organisation des producteur

Pour une prise en compte des stratégies des producteurs

Les stratégies des différents acteurs sociaux sont en Afrique plus difficiles à repérer qu'ailleurs, faute de véritables organisations professionnelles. S'il paraît donc utile ou nécessaire de se doter, dans ce contexte, d'outils d'analyse appropriés, cette démarche ne peut se substituer à l'expression organisée de ces stratégies par les producteurs eux-mêmes, qu'il convient de tout faire pour favoriser. Ceci étant, on définira les stratégies des producteurs comme des combinaisons plus ou moins structurées de "réponses", élaborées par des acteurs pour faire face aux "défis" auxquels ils se trouvent confrontés ou qu'ils s'assignent (objectifs). Ces premiers principes posés, l'attitude des stratégies des producteurs invite à combiner deux grands types d'approche : - la première est analytique. Elle vise à identifier et à classer les composantes élémentaires des différentes stratégies, en confrontant de façon systématique les objectifs et les "réponses" auxquelles recourrent les producteurs; la deuxième est synthétique. Elle vise à caractériser les grands modèles de stratégie qui se combinent ou s'opposent au sein de chaque milieu rural, en spécifiant les groupes sociaux où ces modèles émergent, stagnent ou tendent à prédomine