Display of probability densities for data from a continuous distribution

Based on cumulative distribution functions, Fourier series expansion and Kolmogorov tests, we present a simple method to display probability densities for data drawn from a continuous distribution. It is often more efficient than using histograms.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, presented at Computer Simulation Studies XXIV, Athens, GA, 201

Measurement of the Generalized Polarizabilities of the Proton in Virtual Scattering at Q2=0.92 and 1.76 GeV2: I. Low Energy Expansion Analysis

Virtual Compton Scattering is studied at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility at low Center-of-Mass energies, below pion threshold. Following the Low Energy Theorem for the $ep \to ep \gamma$ process, we obtain values for the two structure functions Pll-Ptt/epsilon and Plt at four-momentum transfer squared Q2=0.92 and 1.76 GeV2.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be submitted to PRL. Figs 1 and 2, lettering enlarge

Effects of alirocumab on types of myocardial infarction: insights from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Aims  The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Task Force classified MIs into five types: Type 1, spontaneous; Type 2, related to oxygen supply/demand imbalance; Type 3, fatal without ascertainment of cardiac biomarkers; Type 4, related to percutaneous coronary intervention; and Type 5, related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduces risk of MI, but less is known about effects on types of MI. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated LDL-C (≥1.8 mmol/L) despite intensive statin therapy. In a pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effects of alirocumab on types of MI. Methods and results  Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Myocardial infarction types were prospectively adjudicated and classified. Of 1860 total MIs, 1223 (65.8%) were adjudicated as Type 1, 386 (20.8%) as Type 2, and 244 (13.1%) as Type 4. Few events were Type 3 (n = 2) or Type 5 (n = 5). Alirocumab reduced first MIs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.95; P = 0.003], with reductions in both Type 1 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99; P = 0.032) and Type 2 (0.77, 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025), but not Type 4 MI. Conclusion  After ACS, alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy favourably impacted on Type 1 and 2 MIs. The data indicate for the first time that a lipid-lowering therapy can attenuate the risk of Type 2 MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below levels achievable with statins is an effective preventive strategy for both MI types.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz299</p

Polarization transfer in the O-16((e)over-right-arrow,e '(p)over-right-arrow)N-15 reaction

The first ((e) over right arrow ,e'(p) over right arrow) polarization transfer measurements on a nucleus heavier than deuterium have been carried out at Jefferson Laboratory. Transverse and longitudinal components of the polarization of protons ejected in the reaction O-16((e) over right arrow ,e'(p) over right arrow) were measured in quasielastic perpendicular kinematics at a Q(2) of 0.8 (GeV/c)(2). The data are in good agreement with state of the art calculations

Dynamics of the O-16(e,e(l)p) reaction at high missing energies

We measured the cross section and response functions for the quasielastic O-16(e, e 'p) reaction for missing energies 25 less than or equal to E-m less than or equal to 120 MeV at missing momenta P-m less than or equal to 340 MeV/c. For 25 &lt; E-m &lt; 50 MeV and P-m approximate to 60 MeV/c, the reaction is dominated by a single ls(1/2) proton knockout. At larger P-m, the single-particle aspects are increasingly masked by more complicated processes. Calculations which include pion exchange currents, isobar currents, and short-range correlations account for the shape and the transversity, but for only half of the magnitude of the measured cross section

Dynamical relativistic effects in quasielastic 1p-shell proton knockout from O-16

We have measured the cross section for quasielastic 1p-shell proton knockout in the O-16(e,e'p) reaction at omega = 0.439 GeV and Q(2) = 0.8 (GeV/c)(2) for missing momentum P-miss less than or equal to 355 MeV/c. We have extracted the response functions RL+TT, R-T, R-LT, and the left-right asymmetry, A(LT), for the 1p(1/2) and the 1p(3/2) states. The data are well described by relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation calculations. At large P-miss, the structure observed in A(LT) indicates the existence of dynamical relativistic effects