The relationship between hemodialysis adequacy and quality of life and spiritual wellbeing in hemodialysis patients

زمینه و هدف: همودیالیز از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر کیفیت زندگی و سلامت معنوی بیماران کلیوی محسوب می شود. از طرفی بهبود کفایت دیالیز مهمترین عامل کاهش عوارض و مرگ و میر بیماران دیالیزی به شمار می آید. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه کفایت دیالیز با کیفیت زندگی و سلامت معنوی بیماران تحت درمان با همودیالیز طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع تحلیلی- همبستگی بود که در بیماران تحت درمان با همودیالیز بیمارستان امام حسین (ع) شاهرود در سال 1391 انجام گرفت. روش نمونه گیری از نوع در دسترس و حجم نمونه 72 نفر بود. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی و سلامت معنوی جمع ‌آوری شد. برای بررسی کفایت دیالیز از شاخص ‌های آزمایشگاهی استفاده گردید. یافته ها: سطح سلامت معنوی (1/68 درصد) و کیفیت زندگی (86 درصد) اکثر بیماران در محدوده متوسط قرار داشت. شاخص های کفایت دیالیز در اکثر بیماران در حد قابل قبول بودند. در بین ابعاد کیفیت زندگی، عملکرد جسمانی (05/0

Protocol for systematic review: peak bone mass pattern in different parts of the world

Copyright: © 2015 Mohammadi Z. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Peak bone mass, which can be defined as the amount of bone tissue present at the end of the skeletal maturation, and also it is an important determinant of osteoporotic fracture risk. The peak bone mass of a given part of the skeleton is directly dependent upon both its genetics and environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of the proposed research is a comprehensive systematic assessment of the pattern of peak bone mass in different countries across the globe. The present article explains the protocol for conducting such a research

Quality-by-design model in optimization of PEG-PLGA nano micelles for targeted cancer therapy

Poly (D,L-Lactic-co-Glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer approved by FDA for clinical uses. Surface functionalization of self-assembly micelles made of PLGA with Poly- Ethylene Glycol (PEG) improves its stability and half-life in blood circulation via inhibiting adsorption of proteins on the surface and consequently decreasing opsonization rate. The purpose of present study was to optimize PEG amount absorbed on PLGA (PEGabsPLGA) micelles by application of quality by design approach. Based on risk assessment, effect of three variables including PLGA concentration, PEG concentration and molecular weight (MW) of PLGA were studied. Central composite design was implemented for design of experimentation with 26 runs. The PEGabsPLGA nano drug delivery system (NDDS), produced by o/w method, was optimized according to particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential values. Validation of the model was successfully performed with three representative formulations from the design space. As a result, 43.79 mg of PLGA with MW of 30,000-60,000 was incorporated with 12.61 mg of PEG to obtain a 69 nm NDDS (predicted 67.72 nm) with the PDI value equal to 0.124 (predicted 0.112). The results successfully led to the preparation of the most stable nanoparticles which were stable at room temperature for six months.Q2WOS:0004510080000442-s2.0-8505527889

A review of artificial intelligence applications in anterior segment ocular diseases

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential for interpreting and analyzing images and processing large amounts of data. There is a growing interest in investigating the applications of AI in anterior segment ocular diseases. This narrative review aims to assess the use of different AI-based algorithms for diagnosing and managing anterior segment entities. Methods: We reviewed the applications of different AI-based algorithms in the diagnosis and management of anterior segment entities, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, corneal grafts, corneal transplantation, refractive surgery, pterygium, infectious keratitis, cataracts, and disorders of the corneal nerves, conjunctiva, tear film, anterior chamber angle, and iris. The English-language databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the following keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, neural network, anterior eye segment diseases, corneal disease, keratoconus, dry eye, refractive surgery, pterygium, infectious keratitis, anterior chamber, and cataract. Relevant articles were compared based on the use of AI models in the diagnosis and treatment of anterior segment diseases. Furthermore, we prepared a summary of the diagnostic performance of the AI-based methods for anterior segment ocular entities. Results: Various AI methods based on deep and machine learning can analyze data obtained from corneal imaging modalities with acceptable diagnostic performance. Currently, complicated and time-consuming manual methods are available for diagnosing and treating eye diseases. However, AI methods could save time and prevent vision impairment in eyes with anterior segment diseases. Because many anterior segment diseases can cause irreversible complications and even vision loss, sufficient confidence in the results obtained from the designed model is crucial for decision-making by experts. Conclusions: AI-based models could be used as surrogates for analyzing manual data with improveddiagnostic performance. These methods could be reliable tools for diagnosing and managing anterior segmentocular diseases in the near future in remote areas. It is expected that future studies can design algorithms thatuse less data in a multitasking manner for the detection and management of anterior segment diseases

Examining the Anecdotes of Tha’labī's Book "Qatla al-Qur'an" from Propp's Morphological Perspective

One way of examining fiction texts in literature is to analyze the structure of anecdotes from Vladimir Propp's morphological point of view. For fairy tales, Propp has defined functions that are applicable to a variety of other tales and stories. The book "Qatla al-Qur'an" by Abu Isḥāq al-Tha’labī is a collection of anecdotes, all of which have a common point and they are all about the stories of those who lost their lives after hearing a verse or verses from the divine book. Examining the narrative structure of these short stories reveals the hidden relationships between the anecdotes in their infrastructure and reveals the structure and form of the stories better. In this article, this attractive Tha’labī’s work has been analyzed from a morphological point of view by descriptive-analytical method. As a result, the introductory works and the climax of the story, which usually marks the end of it, are the most important design of Tha’labī for creating a single and uniform structure in the anecdotes of this book

Crisis Management Patterns in the Lives of Ibna Al-Reza (PBUH); a Case Study of the Economic Crisis

A crisis is an unexpected and sometimes growing event that imposes problems on society and becomes an acute and unstable situation for individuals or society, the solution of which requires fundamental measures. In the history of Shiite Imamate, the years 203 to 260 AH (819 to 874 B. C.) are dedicated to the leadership and supervision of Ibna Al-Reza (PBUH), those Imamas who were the offsprings of Imam Reza (PBUH). Friendship with Imam Javad, Imam Hadi and Imam Askari (PBUH) was being led to consequences such as confiscation of property, dismissal from work, poverty and destitution. By taking measures and making decisions, Ibna al-Reza (PBUH) were able to improve the unfavorable economic situation of the Shiites. This article, which was organized by descriptive-analytical method, summarizes the actions of the late Shiite Imams in order to prevent and prepare confrontational and deterrent strategies in three stages: "before the crisis", "during the crisis" and "after the crisis". This article has categorized and introduced management principles that can be considered by citizens in the present era

Effect of chlorhexidine on the durability of a new universal adhesive system

The effect of chlorhexidine on bond durability of universal adhesives is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine on 6-month water storage bond strength of adhesive systems. 72 freshly sound human extracted molars were selected. In each tooth both buccal and lingual sides were prepared by bur to reach superficial dentin and randomly divided into 6 groups and 12 sub-groups and bonded with Scotchbond Universal (SBU) or Scotchbond Multi-purpose (SBMP) with/without chlorhexidine (CHX) usage. Group 1: SBU, group2: SBU+CHX, group3: Etch+SBU, group4: Etch+CHX+SBU, group5: Etch+SBMP, group6: Etch+CHX+SBMP. After composite curing, water storage and thermocycling was done. Each group was divided into two subgroups. One was tested immediately, and the other was thermocycled for 5000 cycles (5-55 °C) (it was equivalent to 6 months of storage in distilled water). Shear bond strength test was done and failure modes were determined by Stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test and Paired Two test with P<0.050 as the level of significance. Shear bond strength in late SBU (Self etch) was significantly lower than late SBU [Etch and rinse (ER)], P value= 0.0001, also shear bond strength in late SBU [self-etch (SE)] was significantly lower than immediate SBU (SE), P value= 0.01. There were no significant differences between other sub-groups and conditions. The most failure mode was adhesive in all the groups. Long term bonding durability of SBU(ER) was better than SBU (SE). CHX usage had prevented bond strength decrease in SBU and SBMP in long term. CHX usage did not have any effect on immediate shear bond strength of SBU and SBMP. Immediate and late shear bond strength of SBMP with/without CHX usage was similar to SBU(SE, ER)

Isolated Retrobulbar Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report

Background: Hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus granulosus and human is the accidental host. The most common sites of involvement are the liver and lungs, and involvement of other organs is less common. Ocular involvement of hydatid cyst is one of the most uncommon manifestations of hydatid cyst.Cases Report: The case was a 40-year-old woman with a retrobulbar cystic lesion who was examined for the left eye pain and then proptosis. With the initial diagnosis of retrobulbar tumor, the patient underwent surgery and the removed mass was sent to the pathology laboratory. Since the result indicated the existence of a hydatid cyst, the patient was referred to the infectious service and was treated with albendazole.Conclusion: Although the ocular involvement of hydatid cyst is uncommon, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with proptosis in the endemic areas