Content of Pb and Zn in Soils Collected in the Vicinity of Selected Automobile Workshops in Kaduna, Nigeria

To assess the availability of metals in soil for absorption, the chemical forms must be determined. In this regard, a modified  sequential extraction technique was used to determine the geochemical partitioning of Pb and Zn concentration of the soil sample obtained from these workshops were determined using flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The soil samples were digested and extracted using different digestion and extraction media. The results revealed that the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the samples varied from one automobile workshop to another and similarly the Pb concentration bound to the residual phase (HNO₃: H₂O₂ (2:1)) was highest in all locations followed by that bound to magnesium chloride, EDTA and Oxalic acid. Thus HNO₃/H₂O₂ >MgCl₂>EDTA>Oxalic acid. While the Zn concentration bound to the oxide phase (Oxalic acid) was highest in all the sampling locations followed by that bound to magnesium chloride, EDTA and nitric acid/ hydrogen perioxide. Hence, oxalic acid>MgCl₂>EDTA>HNO₃/H₂O₂. Keywords: Bioavailability, metal content, soil, Automobile workshop

Adoption of National Language for Teaching and Learning Vocational Education for Sustainable Devlopment In Nigeria

Naturally, language is the human vocal sounds or the arbitrary graphic representation of these sounds in writing used systematically and conventionally bya speech community for the purposes of communication, Osinsanyo (2007). On the other hand, education is seen as the overall round development of individuals, their economic, cultural and spiritual being. The process of molding and shaping personality is facilitated through the use of language as a vehicle; language plays vital roles in most known formal educational systems. This paper among other things discuss the concept of language education, proficiency, vocational achievement, vocational trainning, multilingualism and its challences, language skills in vocational education and sustainable national development. It features as a subject in the school curriculum and is used to serve as the medium of instruction in all the subjects globally. Thus, this paper seeks to consider ‘adoption of national language education for sustainable development in Nigeria’ and made the following recommendations: There is the need to develop a good language education programme for vocational school level in Nigeria ,Teachers should jointly help the pupils to develop competence in the use of their language and that of the immediate environment of schooling, and the government should make adequate funds available for the provision of regular and intensive professional capacity development for classroom teachers in the Universal Basic Education

Positive Self-Concept In Liz Murray’s Breaking Night (2010): A Humanistic Psychological Approach

This Study is about Positive Self-Concept in Liz Murray’s Breaking Night (2010) directed by Liz Murray which is analyzed by using humanistic psychological approach. The objectives of the research is to analyze the memoir based on the structural analysis of the memoir and based on humanistic psychological approach by Carl Rogers. This research paper belongs to qualitative research. Data of the research are divided into two, primary data and secondary data. The primary data of the research is The Breaking Night memoir by author Liz Murray in 2010. While secondary data of the research are other materials taken from some books, author biographies, comments, website searching about Breaking Night Memoir that support the analysis. The method to analyze of this data is descriptive analysis. The researcher describes two conclusions in his research. The first, based on structural analysis it shows that Liz Murray successfully combining all the structural elements of the story including character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, theme as well into unity. The second, based on humanistic psychological analysis it shows that in the Breaking Night memoir Liz Murray illustrates psychological phenomena in which in individual is someone who wants to build positive self-concept in herself with always does positive things, thinks positive and has self confidence in living life

Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands

Received: August 13th, 2022 ; Accepted: November 27th, 2022 ; Published: December 7th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] is the main food in Indonesia that grows in various agroecosystems. The challenge is ferrous iron toxicity (FIT), wherein adaptive varieties with high yield potential be required to support increased production. The study objectives were to produce tolerant and widely adapted lines of FIT from local parents, to determine the stability of the lines in various environments and seasons in FIT rice fields, and to determine the response of rice lines to salt application. Two local Fe-tolerant parents that is Cekau and Karya, were used as females to produce lines that were tested for FIT. High-yielding lines and early maturity were selected to represent tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate to FIT. The research was designed according to a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Most of the local cultivar descent were resistant to FIT and stable at various locations and seasons. There was an interaction between the lines and the environment in the multilocation test, but in the high-Fe field test, there was no interaction between the lines and the season. Sensitive lines gave higher yields in the dry season than in the rainy season, but the tolerant lines are not affected by the seasons. The long dry season followed by high rainfall caused the accumulation of Fe on the soil surface to increase followed by a decrease in yields of moderate and sensitive lines. The addition of 200 kg ha-1 of salt increased the productivity of tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate lines by improving root quality

Plasmid mediated resistance in multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from children with suspected septicaemia in Zaria, Nigeria

Septicaemia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the  developing world. The knowledge of the  epidemiological and antimicrobial pattern of common pathogens that cause septicaemia is useful for prompt treatment of patients. Fifty-five (55) clinical isolates from children with suspected septicaemia were used for the study. The isolates include Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp and  Pseudomonas spp. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated bacteria associated with septicaemia in children were carried out using standard  microbiological protocol. The MAR index for the test bacterial isolates was  determined and the bacterial isolates that displayed multiple antibiotic resistance were investigated for the presence of resistant factor such as plasmids. The sizes of the plasmid observed in the bacterial isolates were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Observations made from the agarose gel electrophoresis showed that majority of the multiple antibiotic resistant isolates haboured plasmids DNA of different sizes viz: 10.00 Kb, 8.71 Kb, 7.08 Kb, 1.02 Kb, 1.00 Kb, 0. 98 Kb and 0.87 Kb. The plasmid analysis of the results obtained in this study showed that the  predominant plasmid molecular size was 977bp which occurred frequently among  the Citrobacter spp and Staph aureus. These findings suggest an increased  resistance to the antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of septicaemia, and the observed presence of plasmids in some of the test bacteria isolated shows that they could have been acquired from multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in the community under investigation.Key words: Children, Multiple antibiotic resistance, Plasmids, Septicaemi

CD4-T Cells as a Predictor of Immune Status and Its Outcomes Following Second-Line Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Adult HIV-1 Infected Patients Attending Apin/Juth HIV Clinic in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Deficiency in immune cell number or activity is a cardinal feature of HIV.  Second line antiretroviral therapy is geared towards improving immune cell activity and improving treatment outcomes. More people are now accessing free combination antiretroviral therapy through public health programmes in resource limited settings. There is currently no third line therapy for patients failing second line therapy in most of these programmes and data on effectiveness of second line antiretroviral therapy are limited. To adequately address and prepare for this scenario, critical assessments of the outcomes of second-line cART are needed. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients accessing second line cART at the APIN/ JUTH, Jos adult HIV clinic from 2004 to 2018, to determine the proportion of patients failing second line cART, to evaluate time to immunologic failure, time to lost to follow up and time to death using Kaplan Meier estimates. Immunological failure occurs when there is a fall of CD4 counts to pre-therapy baseline (or below) or 50% fall from the on-treatment peak value (if known) or persistent CD4 levels below 100 cells/mm3 6 months after ART initiation. A total of 285 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 45±9.5 years. Females where 194 (68.1%) All the patients were on boosted protease inhibitor, the predominant combination antiretroviral therapy for second line regimen was Lopinavir boosted with ritonavir in combination with Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine (43.9%). The baseline CD4 count was 134 (IQR 54-272). The CD4 count increased to 339 (IQR213-498) at 72 weeks.   In conclusion, Second line cART immunologic failure rates are low in our cohort and patient stay longer on cART before failure. Keywords: CD4 cells, Immunologic failure, Antiretroviral therapy DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/107-02 Publication date: April 30th 202

Serum magnesium and calcium levels in relation to ischemic stroke : Mendelian randomization study

ObjectiveTo determine whether serum magnesium and calcium concentrations are causally associated with ischemic stroke or any of its subtypes using the mendelian randomization approach.MethodsAnalyses were conducted using summary statistics data for 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with serum magnesium (n = 6) or serum calcium (n = 7) concentrations. The corresponding data for ischemic stroke were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium (34,217 cases and 404,630 noncases).ResultsIn standard mendelian randomization analysis, the odds ratios for each 0.1 mmol/L (about 1 SD) increase in genetically predicted serum magnesium concentrations were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.89; p = 1.3 7 10-4) for all ischemic stroke, 0.63 (95% CI 0.50-0.80; p = 1.6 7 10-4) for cardioembolic stroke, and 0.60 (95% CI 0.44-0.82; p = 0.001) for large artery stroke; there was no association with small vessel stroke (odds ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.67-1.20; p = 0.46). Only the association with cardioembolic stroke was robust in sensitivity analyses. There was no association of genetically predicted serum calcium concentrations with all ischemic stroke (per 0.5 mg/dL [about 1 SD] increase in serum calcium: odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.88-1.21) or with any subtype.ConclusionsThis study found that genetically higher serum magnesium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of cardioembolic stroke but found no significant association of genetically higher serum calcium concentrations with any ischemic stroke subtype

Rivaroxaban with or without Aspirin in Stable Cardiovascular Disease

BACKGROUND We evaluated whether rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin would be more effective than aspirin alone for secondary cardiovascular prevention. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 27,395 participants with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg once daily). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. The study was stopped for superiority of the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group after a mean follow-up of 23 months. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group than in the aspirin-alone group (379 patients [4.1%] vs. 496 patients [5.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.86; P<0.001; z=−4.126), but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group (288 patients [3.1%] vs. 170 patients [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.05; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in intracranial or fatal bleeding between these two groups. There were 313 deaths (3.4%) in the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin group as compared with 378 (4.1%) in the aspirin-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P=0.01; threshold P value for significance, 0.0025). The primary outcome did not occur in significantly fewer patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group than in the aspirin-alone group, but major bleeding events occurred in more patients in the rivaroxaban-alone group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable atherosclerotic vascular disease, those assigned to rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin had better cardiovascular outcomes and more major bleeding events than those assigned to aspirin alone. Rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) alone did not result in better cardiovascular outcomes than aspirin alone and resulted in more major bleeding events. (Funded by Bayer; COMPASS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01776424.

Pengaruh Faktor-faktor �Non Contraceptive� Terhadap Peningkatan Fertilitas (Studi Kasus di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Berdasarkan Analisa Data Hasil SDKI 2007)

One of the most important problem faced by Indonesia in carrying out development is a matter of demography. Population problem is an extremely important and complex, particularly for developing countries and has a large population. The general objective of national development is trying to reduce poverty and raise the level of community life. Goals and expectations will be difficult to realize in the development process is carried out, especially if the population problem is still not resolved properly. The main objective of this research is to provide demographic and socioeconomic profiles of respondents ever married women from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2007. Information based on background characteristics of respondents in the survey is important in order to explain the findings presented in this report. This study begins by presenting background characteristics of respondents according to age, educational level, age of first marriage and area of residence. In addition, employment data are presented as measured with the field work respondents. The population in this study are: Elligible couple interviewed on IDHS Year 2007 in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The sample in this study were ever married women who are still married and aged 15-49 in West Nusa Tenggara Province which includes the 633 respondents who included as respondents in Indonesia Demographic Health Survey 2007. Fertility in this study were measured by the number of children ever born to each woman. Analysing the relationship between fertility and its proximate determinants, it is identified that age becomes the dominant variables that affect the fertility. The second variable is dominant over the age of fertility is the first marriage. Both of these variables have a profound impact caused by construction of a culture that is so thick in the province who said that a girl should be married in order not to be a "dedare toaq" or spinsters. Two variables that have no effect on fertility is the child's preferences variables and variables work. There were no mediating effect on the variables in the ideal number of children and child preference. In the ideal number of children variables, none of the independent variables influence, whereas the preference of the child variables, only some independent variables that influence. The R2 as a whole on fertility is 0.519. Thus, the contribution of the influence of all independent variables was 51.9%. Age becomes the dominant variables that affect its fertility. The second variable is dominant over the age of fertility is the first marriage. Two variables that have no effect on fertility is the child's preferences variables and variables work

An Analysis of Tourism Development Strategies (A Study Towards Kampung Budaya Padi Pandan Wangi asa Tourist Destination in Warungkondang Cianjur Regency, West Java). Rifka Nurjihan Yusuf: 187010051

This paper is entitled “An Analysis of Tourism Development Strategies (A Study towards Kampung Budaya Padi Pandan Wangi as a Tourist Destination in Warungkondang Cianjur Regency, West Java)”. It is written to be submitted to the English Department at Pasundan University Bandung for one of the requirements for the final academic year. This paper discusses the strategy of developing a tourist destination in Kampung Budaya Padi Pandan Wangi in Cianjur Regency. The development strategy becomes an important and necessary role for tourist destination, especially in the Kampung Budaya Padi Pandan Wangi. Therefore, the author wants to know what development strategies will be carried out by the destination manager itself which is fully managed by the Department of Culture and Tourism of Cianjur Regency. In this research, the author uses descriptive methods and qualitative data collection because the results describe the perception of the Department of Tourism it self regarding what development strategies will carried out in Kampung Budaya Padi Pandan Wangi. The data is taken through the results of observation and interview. The purpose of this research is to find out what development strategies are carried out by the Department of Tourism. The author limits the problem to two research problems, including to find out what tourism development strategies will be carried out by the government and how to realize these development strategies. Tourism development strategy is very much needed in a tourist destination so that it will create dimensions of goals, policies, and programs that make a development strategy so that Cianjur Regency especially for Kampung Budaya Padi Pandan Wangi can be realized as a leading tourist destination product in West Java. Keywords: tourism development, development strategy, tourist destinatio